Introduction : Chez les jeunes enfants (<6 ans), la prise en charge de l’asthme est évaluée cliniquement. Dans certains centres, l’oscillométrie (OS) est utilisée en complément de l’évaluation clinique, mais son utilité clinique reste à quantifier. Objectifs : Déterminer si l’ajout de l’OS à l’évaluation clinique influence l’évaluation, la gestion et le contrôle de l’asthme, par rapport à l’évaluation clinique seule chez les jeunes enfants. Méthodes : Étude transversale portant sur des enfants de 3-5 ans avec un diagnostic d’asthme. Les enfants testés par l’OS étaient appariés par score de propension aux témoins (non testés). La probabilité d’un phénotype persistant et d’une prescription d’un traitement d’entretien (co- variables principales) était évaluée par régression logistique multivariée. Dans la cohorte rétrospective imbriquée avec accès aux données pharmaceutiques, le contrôle de l’asthme au cours de l’année suivante était examiné par régression logistique cumulative. Résultats : L’étude comprenait 726 enfants appariés (249 testés; 477 témoins) dont 57,4% garçons (âge médian: 4,62 ans) avec groupes relativement comparables. Les enfants testés recevaient plus souvent un phénotype persistant (67% vs. 50%; RC-ajusté [IC 95%]: 2,34 [1,66- 3,34]), sans différence significative dans la prescription d’un traitement d’entretien (65% vs. 58%; 1,37 [0,98-1,92]) et étaient moins susceptibles d’être incontrôlés dans l’année suivante (0,24 [0,08- 0,74]). Conclusion : L’association entre l’OS ajouté à l’évaluation clinique et à la fois plus de phénotypes persistants et un meilleur contrôle de l’asthme supporte l’utilité clinique de l’OS, possiblement via une reconnaissance accrue de l’obstruction des voies aériennes. / Background: In preschoolers (<6 years), asthma management is usually assessed clinically. In certain centres, oscillometry (OS) is used in adjunct to clinical assessment, yet its clinical utility remains to be quantified. Objectives: To determine if OS use, as an adjunct to clinical assessment, is associated with better asthma assessment, management and control compared to clinical assessment alone in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 3-5 years with an asthma diagnosis. OS-tested preschoolers were matched by propensity score to controls (untested). The likelihood of persistent phenotype and maintenance therapy prescription (co-primary outcomes) were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. In a nested retrospective cohort with available drug claim data, asthma control over the next year was examined by cumulative logistic regression. Results: The study comprised 726 matched children (249 OS-tested; 477 untested) of which 57.4% were boys (median age: 4.62 years) with comparable group characteristics. OS-tested children were more frequently labelled as persistent phenotype (67% vs. 50%; adjusted-OR[95% CI]: 2.34 [1.66- 3.34]), with no significant difference in prescription of maintenance therapy (65% vs. 58%; adjusted-OR[95% CI]: 1.37 [0.98-1.92]) and were less likely to be uncontrolled in the following year (adjusted-OR[95% CI]: 0.24 [0.08-0.74]). Conclusions: The association between OS added to clinical assessment with more persistent phenotype and better asthma control supports its clinical utility, possibly by increased recognition of airway obstruction at the index visit.

Title: The effect of airway control on stance dynamic stability Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out whether and how will the influence of vocal cords modulation be manifested on the dynamic stabilization of the standing body during translational shifts of the supporting surface of different intensities and A-P directions. Thus, building on the findings of Massery et al (2013). Methods: The thesis has the character of qualitative research. The experiment was attended by 23 healthy probands, of which 7 men and 16 women aged 20-40 years. Spirometry was used to test the objectivity of airway airflow during breathing / phoning maneuvers with different vocal cords positioning and dynamic computer posturography using the Neurocom Smart Equi Test System and its Motor Control Test, which evaluated the effectiveness of automatic postural responses. We connected the posturograph with the spirometer using the Kistler accelerometer (type 8766A100BB). The course of the experiment was simultaneously recorded by a camera (GoPro Hero 7). The Smart EquiTest System generated three postural perturbations of different intensity (S - sub treshold, M - threshold, L - saturating) in two directions (anterior translation / posterior translation). The measured data were then processed in the program Neurocom...

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Corticosteroid medication is the most effective currently available treatment. Complications of corticosteroid therapy are dose-dependent, however, the clinical efficacy of varying doses of inhaled corticosteroids has been studied with mixed results. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group study was used to evaluate the inhaled corticosteroid dose-response relationship for clinical endpoints and in vitro parameters of underlying airway inflammation and remodelling. The mannitol provocation test with Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) was used to derive potential dose-differentiating endpoints. In vitro inflammatory markers were measured in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage. Basement membrane thickness was measured from bronchial biopsies. Eleven nonasthmatic subjects were enrolled for comparison. This thesis addresses the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in clinical and biological effects between low dose (200mcg/day, n=11) and high dose (1000mcg/day, n=11) treatment (for 6-7 weeks) with inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) for a range of clinical outcomes and in vitro markers of airway inflammation and remodelling. Significant changes after FP included increased FEV1, reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (by FOT and FEV1), exhaled nitric oxide and Juniper symptom score. In addition, significant reductions occurred in expression of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-1ra in macrophages. A lower baseline FOT-derived respiratory system conductance was predictive of a greater degree of improvement in symptoms. No statistically significant differences in the changes after treatment between low and high dose FP were found in spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, symptom scores, AHR, alveolar macrophage cytokine levels (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1ra, IL-10) and basement membrane thickness, although there were trends towards greater improvements in many of the parameters after high dose FP. Basement membrane thickness appeared to be reduced by high dose FP, although this reduction was not statistically significant. There was a weak, but statistically significant, negative correlation between basement membrane thickness and FOT-derived conductance (r2=0.135, p=0.042). With the recognition of the limitations in the interpretation of these data, the results suggest that, in previously steroid naïve mild to moderate asthmatics, there may be only minimal benefit derived from an additional 800µg/day of inhaled fluticasone above the low dose of 200µg/day.

No description available.

As obesity is a systemic and epidemic disease that affects pulmonary function, it became a new challenge for health professionals who care for respiratory diseases. With the aim of evaluating the aspects of pre-and postoperative obese adults patients undergoing bariatric surgery was determined the prevalence and severity of asthma, the lung age and place of stay in postoperative primary bariatric surgery, being checked medical-surgical complications that would justify admission to the intensive care unit and mortality. Cross-sectional studies were performed in the period from January 2007 to June 2010, in the city of Aracaju (SE). The prevalence of asthma in patients was determined by a pulmonologist using clinical diagnosis as a diagnostic tool, and evaluated 363 obese adults who underwent clinical evaluation and use of spirometry, and classified according to the severity of asthma. The lung age determined by spirometry involved 112 individuals: 78 morbidly obese patients (study group) and 34 non-obese and normal lung function (control group). The lung age and chronological age of individuals in each group were compared separately and between groups. Aldrete and Kroulik score was used for the release of post-anesthetic recovery room (PARR) and defining the location of postoperative routing in 120 patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery. The prevalence of asthma in obese adults, according to the criteria used were: studied obese population: 18.5% (95%:14,5-22,4), women: 20.4% (95% CI: 16,2 to 24.5), male: 13.7% (95%:10,1-17,2), asthma symptoms in the last twelve months 8.0% (95% CI:5,2-10,7) and initial manifestation of symptoms of asthma in childhood / adolescence in 17.4% (95%:13,5-21,3). Among asthmatics, 29 patients (43.3%) had intermittent asthma, 7 patients (10.4%) mild persistent asthma, 25 patients (37.3%) moderate asthma and 6 patients (9%) severe persistent asthma. The difference between lung age and chronological age in the group with morbid obesity was significant (p <0.0001, 95% CI 6.6 to 11.9 years) with an average difference of 9.1 ± 11.8 years. The age difference between the lung study group and control group was significant (p <0.0002, 95% CI 7.5 to 16.9 years) with an average difference of 12.2 ± 2.4 years. The multiple linear regression analysis identified the variables BMI and chronological age (p <0.0001) as significant predictors factors of lung age. The time between hospital admission and beginning of surgery was 140.7 ± 81.8 minutes, the operative time 105.0 ± 28.6 minutes, the length of stay in PARR 125.0 ± 38.0 minutes and hospitalization time 47.7 ± 12.4 hours, with 100% of patients walking in 24 hours. The Aldrete Kroulik table of PARR achieved scores of 10 with 120 minutes in all patients, with 100% survival. The prevalence of asthma in obese adults in the preoperative evaluation of bariatric surgery using the primary medical diagnosis was high, with prevalence of initial manifestation of symptoms of asthma in childhood / adolescence and in females. The severity of asthma in obese adults was among the estimated averages for the general population. The lung age is increased in morbidly obese patients, suggesting early damage and accelerated lung aging. By using the Aldrete and Kroulik table in the PARR of gastric bypass by laparoscopy in primary bariatric surgery, no patient was admitted to the ICU and no major complication was observed. / A obesidade por ser uma doença sistêmica e epidêmica que compromete a função pulmonar, tornou-se um novo desafio para os profissionais de saúde que cuidam de doenças respiratórias. Com o objetivo de avaliar os aspectos do período pré e pós-operatório dos pacientes adultos obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica foi determinada a prevalência e gravidade de asma brônquica, a idade pulmonar e o local de internação no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica primária, sendo verificadas as complicações clínica-cirúrgicas que justificassem internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e mortalidade. Foram realizados estudos transversais, no período entre janeiro de 2007 a junho 2010, no município de Aracaju (SE). A prevalência de asma nos pacientes foi determinada por um pneumologista utilizando o diagnóstico clínico como instrumento diagnóstico, sendo avaliados 363 pacientes obesos adultos, que foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e realização de espirometria, e classificados conforme a gravidade da asma. A idade pulmonar determinada pela espirometria envolveu 112 indivíduos: 78 pacientes com obesidade mórbida (grupo de estudo) e 34 indivíduos não obesos e com função pulmonar normal (grupo controle). A idade pulmonar e a idade cronológica dos indivíduos em cada grupo foram comparadas isoladamente e entre os grupos. Utilizou-se o índice de Aldrete e Kroulik para liberação da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) e definição do local de encaminhamento no pós-operatório de 120 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica primária. A prevalência de asma em obesos adultos, conforme os critérios utilizados foram: população de obesos estudada: 18,5 % (IC95%:14,5-22,4), mulheres: 20,4% (IC95%:16,2 24,5), homens: 13,7% (IC95%:10,1 17,2), sintomas de asma nos últimos doze meses 8,0% (IC95%:5,2 10,7) e manifestação inicial dos sintomas de asma na infância/adolescência em 17,4% (IC95%:13,5 21,3). Dentre os asmáticos, 29 pacientes (43,3%) apresentaram asma intermitente, 7 pacientes (10,4%) asma persistente leve, 25 pacientes (37,3%) asma moderada e 6 pacientes (9%) asma persistente grave. A diferença entre idade pulmonar e idade cronológica no grupo com obesidade mórbida foi significativa (p < 0,0001; IC95%: 6,6-11,9 anos), com uma diferença média de 9,1 ± 11,8 anos. A diferença da idade pulmonar entre o grupo de estudo e grupo controle foi significativa (p < 0,0002; IC95%: 7,5-16,9 anos), com uma diferença média de 12,2 ± 2,4 anos. A análise de regressão linear múltipla identificou as variáveis IMC e idade cronológica (p < 0,0001) como fatores preditivos significativos da idade pulmonar. O tempo entre admissão hospitalar e início da cirurgia foi de 140,7 ± 81,8 minutos, o tempo cirúrgico 105,0 ± 28,6 minutos, o tempo de permanência na SRPA 125,0 ± 38,0 minutos e tempo de internação hospitalar 47,7 ± 12,4 horas, com 100% dos pacientes deambulando em 24 horas. O índice de Aldrete e Kroulik da SRPA alcançou pontuação de 10 com 120 minutos em todos os pacientes, com sobrevida de 100%. A prevalência de asma em adultos obesos em avaliação pré-operatória de cirurgia bariátrica utilizando o critério diagnóstico médico mostrou-se elevada, com predomínio da manifestação inicial dos sintomas de asma na infância/adolescência e no sexo feminino. A gravidade da asma em obesos adultos esteve entre os valores médios estimados para a população em geral. A idade pulmonar está aumentada em pacientes com obesidade mórbida, sugerindo dano precoce e envelhecimento pulmonar acelerado. Com o uso do índice Aldrete e Kroulik na SRPA de bypass gástrico por videolaparoscopia em cirurgia bariátrica primária, nenhum paciente foi internado em unidade de terapia intensiva e nenhuma complicação maior foi observada.

This semestral thesis deals with continuous monitoring of pulmonary ventilation during the patients' theraphy and focuses especially on monitoring of their ventilation processes. It is necessarry to detect, monitor and differentiate abdominal and thoracic breathing during the theraphy. This thesis describes the very basic and common method, a spirometry. Next, an overview of more advanced state-of-the-art methods based on both, tactile and proximity principles is given. In addition to that, two recently developed methods by BUT are discussed as well -- a tactile-based measurement similar to blood pressure sensor and a proximity-based measurement method employing TOF cameras. The data acquired by these two methods are proccesed and examined in order to evaluate and justify their performance in a real application.

The main idea was to choose a child as a measure of design. Immerse yourself in his world and his perception of space - keep in mind his needs. What did the place where he would be able to recover from respiratory problems look like? Was she in the hospital? What kind of room was that? What was that for? place? Did nature play any meaning in that? Would you like to go back there? How does she remember him? The aim was to create a place that resembles the hospital environment as little as possible, is in direct contact with nature and attracts to get to know it more. The stay in the hospital should be more reminiscent of spending holidays at school in nature. How to avoid austere hospital premises? Is there such a guide at all? Should I draw inspiration elsewhere? Where do we go to gain strength from everyday worries? In nature, of course. And how does this need translate into architecture? And we have at all such architecture? The answer to the questions I asked was the cottage. House created for a stay in nature. But how to lift it to something richer and more interesting? There was something else that fascinated me as a child spending time in Luhačovice - the spa environment. How these two forms to connect?

O aumento da prevalência de doenças alérgicas como a asma, tem sido atribuído à falta de estímulos infecciosos. A atopia, que embasa as manifestações alérgicas, caracteriza-se por uma disfunção imune com predomínio da resposta do tipo Th2. Experimentos em modelos animais com micobactérias e seus produtos têm demonstrado resultados promissores na proteção e reversão de resposta imune do tipo Th2. A imunoterapia para alérgenos inalatórios tem mostrado resultados positivos e o uso do BCG como adjuvante poderia trazer benefícios adicionais. Em estudo randomizado duplo cego foram avaliados 21 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades de 8 a 17 anos sensibilizados ao Dermatophagoides pteronissynus (Dpt) e portadores de asma leve ou moderada persistentes. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos e tratados com imunoterapia específica (ITE) para Dpt. O Grupo A recebeu como adjuvante, no início da ITE, uma aplicação do diluente do BCG e o Grupo B uma dose da vacina BCG. Na avaliação realizada após o período de indução da ITE constatou-se nos dois grupos diminuição significativa dos sintomas, da necessidade de medicação para asma, da hiperreatividade brônquica inespecífica, da reatividade cutânea ao Dpt juntamente com a melhora da função pulmonar. Houve uma redução no índice de estimulação da cultura de células mononucleares do sangue periférico estimuladas com Dpt, acompanhada de uma elevação da IL-10 no sobrenadante e dos níveis da IgG específica para Dpt e da IgE total. Os eosinófilos, a IgE específica para Dpt do sangue e o óxido nítrico no ar exalado não se alteraram. Não houve diferença na comparação dentre os grupos, exceto na proliferação das células mononucleares do sangue periférico estimuladas com PPD, que foi maior no Grupo B. Conclusão: a ITE levou a resultados satisfatórios com melhora clínica e alterações imunológicas já ao final do período de indução. A avaliação do uso do BCG como adjuvante, não mostrou benefícios adicionais. / The increase of allergic diseases, such as asthma, has often been explained by a decline in infectious stimulation. Atopy that is characterized as an immune dysfunction promotes a strong type Th2 immune response and underlines allergic diseases. Experimental animal models researches with mycobacteria and its products had led to promising results in prevention or reversion of type Th2 response. Positive results have been obtained to allergens specific immunotherapy (SIT) and its association with BCG vaccine, as an adjuvant, could promote additional benefits. In a randomized double blind study 21 patients sensitized to mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) with mild or moderate persistent asthma, aged 8 to 17 years of both sex were evaluated. Patients were divided in two groups. Group A received at the beginning of SIT one dose of BCG diluent and Group B one dose of BCG vaccine. After the SIT induction period we observed in both groups a significant decrease in asthma symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, immediate cutaneous reactivity to Dpt and the necessity of drugs intake. Specific lymphoproliferation against Dpt significantly decreased while IL-10 levels, specific IgG and total IgE increased. Blood eosinophils, specific IgE, others immunoglobulins levels and nitric oxide in exhaled air didn\'t change. There were no differences in all parameters evaluated between the two groups except on specific lymphoproliferation against PPD that was higher in Group B. Conclusions: improvement in symptoms and immunologicals changes where observed at the end of SIT induction period. BCG as adjuvant didn\'t add additional benefits.

O aumento da prevalência de doenças alérgicas como a asma, tem sido atribuído à falta de estímulos infecciosos. A atopia, que embasa as manifestações alérgicas, caracteriza-se por uma disfunção imune com predomínio da resposta do tipo Th2. Experimentos em modelos animais com micobactérias e seus produtos têm demonstrado resultados promissores na proteção e reversão de resposta imune do tipo Th2. A imunoterapia para alérgenos inalatórios tem mostrado resultados positivos e o uso do BCG como adjuvante poderia trazer benefícios adicionais. Em estudo randomizado duplo cego foram avaliados 21 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades de 8 a 17 anos sensibilizados ao Dermatophagoides pteronissynus (Dpt) e portadores de asma leve ou moderada persistentes. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos e tratados com imunoterapia específica (ITE) para Dpt. O Grupo A recebeu como adjuvante, no início da ITE, uma aplicação do diluente do BCG e o Grupo B uma dose da vacina BCG. Na avaliação realizada após o período de indução da ITE constatou-se nos dois grupos diminuição significativa dos sintomas, da necessidade de medicação para asma, da hiperreatividade brônquica inespecífica, da reatividade cutânea ao Dpt juntamente com a melhora da função pulmonar. Houve uma redução no índice de estimulação da cultura de células mononucleares do sangue periférico estimuladas com Dpt, acompanhada de uma elevação da IL-10 no sobrenadante e dos níveis da IgG específica para Dpt e da IgE total. Os eosinófilos, a IgE específica para Dpt do sangue e o óxido nítrico no ar exalado não se alteraram. Não houve diferença na comparação dentre os grupos, exceto na proliferação das células mononucleares do sangue periférico estimuladas com PPD, que foi maior no Grupo B. Conclusão: a ITE levou a resultados satisfatórios com melhora clínica e alterações imunológicas já ao final do período de indução. A avaliação do uso do BCG como adjuvante, não mostrou benefícios adicionais. / The increase of allergic diseases, such as asthma, has often been explained by a decline in infectious stimulation. Atopy that is characterized as an immune dysfunction promotes a strong type Th2 immune response and underlines allergic diseases. Experimental animal models researches with mycobacteria and its products had led to promising results in prevention or reversion of type Th2 response. Positive results have been obtained to allergens specific immunotherapy (SIT) and its association with BCG vaccine, as an adjuvant, could promote additional benefits. In a randomized double blind study 21 patients sensitized to mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) with mild or moderate persistent asthma, aged 8 to 17 years of both sex were evaluated. Patients were divided in two groups. Group A received at the beginning of SIT one dose of BCG diluent and Group B one dose of BCG vaccine. After the SIT induction period we observed in both groups a significant decrease in asthma symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, immediate cutaneous reactivity to Dpt and the necessity of drugs intake. Specific lymphoproliferation against Dpt significantly decreased while IL-10 levels, specific IgG and total IgE increased. Blood eosinophils, specific IgE, others immunoglobulins levels and nitric oxide in exhaled air didn\'t change. There were no differences in all parameters evaluated between the two groups except on specific lymphoproliferation against PPD that was higher in Group B. Conclusions: improvement in symptoms and immunologicals changes where observed at the end of SIT induction period. BCG as adjuvant didn\'t add additional benefits.