This thesis deals with the role of sponsorship and patronage in the process of migration and in the formation of Biraderi based relationships and various sociological questions posed in the local context within which ethnicity is a defining element. For example, it demonstrates how far Rochdale Pakistanis as an ethnic group are maintaining their culture in Britain; in particular, how kinship and friendship networks determine the dominant pattern of social interaction among Pakistanis. Further, it deals with the extent to which these networks help and facilitate the immigration and settlement of Pakistanis in this country and result in their "incapsulation" within the wider society. The analysis of these issues was. conducted at different levels: at the individual (case studies) and interactional level, at the social situations and community level and at the level of the wider society's institutions and structures. This included a consideration of the activities of the local Pakistani community in terms of their kinship networks, their economic"activites political participation, religious institutions, community leadership and ethnic organisations. It also includes an analysis of the actors in these different fields, highlighting each area of activity that led to the incapsulation of Pakistanis. It was found that the Pakistani community tends to be mobilized on ethnic lines. This mobilization, it seems, reinforces their ethnic identity and results in their unity, especially when threatened by hostile "out-groups". I The analysis strongly suggests that the whole complex of ethnic institutions manifests the Pakistani community's wish to express and, at the same time, perpetuate their traditional values, beliefs and culture, although this varies to some extent according to occupational background, educational level and generational differences.

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Child sponsorship has long been a contentious topic since its inception and subsequent mainstay as one of the key models in development for acquiring funds. As a tool for non-governmental organisations (NGOs), it is a popular and therefore competitive practice that requires able communications that simultaneously can promote sponsorship and maintain the ethical ideals of the organisation. The aim of this paper is to develop further understanding and increased knowledge of how Plan International, a prominent NGO and a proponent of the practice, present and communicate child sponsorship. Within the confines of a case study, the paper sets out to establish the methods, purposes and considerations that Plan International have when they communicate and market child sponsorship, one of their primary ways of accruing funds and thus mobilising action. Drawing on a triangulation of collected empirical data, and under a defined theoretical framework that advocates a post-humanitarianism approach, this thesis makes tentative conclusions that whilst Plan International are making strides to modernise their child sponsorship approach they are at the same time encountering continued challenges of representation, framing and strategizing their message.

This study examined how Black women professionals activate their power by sponsoring other Black women to remediate the chronic problem of the underrepresentation of Black women in positions of organizational leadership. This qualitative, multi-case, exploratory study animated the quantitative data about Black women professionals by giving them a voice and an opportunity to share their lived experiences as they related to the findings about studies on the leadership development of Black women. The firsthand insights of the Black women in this study provided data about the effects that race, gender, laws, policies, identity, and ethics have on Black women professionals’ efforts to leverage their influence and elevate other Black women to leadership, i.e., sponsorship. The data revealed the consensus of concern among the Black women in the study about the lack of Black women leaders. Major findings from the study include: the challenges that Black women experience in society and in the workplace that hinder them from practicing sponsorship; the origination of the Theory of Concentric Positionality of Identity, i.e., Concentricity, as a means to understand how positionality, identity, and in-group affiliations affect the practice of sponsorship among Black women; the historical and temporal factors that have affected the practice of sponsorship among Black women; and data that demonstrated the viability and effectiveness of sponsorship among Black women as a leadership development strategy to increase the number of Black women leaders. Keywords: Black women, sponsorship, underrepresentation, education, leadership, identity, intersectionality, race, gender, women, law, ethics, ethical considerations, positionality, concentric, Theory of Concentricity, Concentric Positionality of Identity. / Educational Leadership

Despite ample research in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management regarding employee decisions to voluntarily opt out of corporate leadership positions, there is little research exploring the personal experiences of black women in U.S. companies contemplating leaving executive positions. This research leverages a qualitative interpretative phenomenological study to explore why Black women corporate leaders in the United States are leaving corporate America before reaching the C-Suite. Two studies were conducted to understand the lived experiences of Black women executives in U.S. Fortune 500 companies; moreover, study two further explored and detangled some of the themes from Study One to understand the experiences of the black women leaders in the pipeline for senior management more deeply. The findings identify several environmental factors, explored in depth in this dissertation, that impact executives’ decision to leave corporate America. The findings provide a foundation to understand further the impact of the corporate environment resulting in the loss of top diverse talent in this understudied demographic. These findings also provide critical information for the Black woman executive currently working in corporate America as well as those who have opted to leave early and would like to better digest their experiences. / Business Administration/Human Resource Management

A few select Swedish municipalities have recently introduced pilot projects of the Canadian Community Sponsorship integration policy, which is based on collaboration between civil society and the public sector in refugee reception. Departing from a framework of collaborative governance and policy mobility, this study aims to examine the collaboration between the public sector and civil society and the relationship between the community sponsorship project and policy mobility. Six semi-structured interviews with representatives of municipalities, civil society organisations and UNHCR served as a basis in answering how the project can be understood via policy mobility and how the cooperation takes shape, thereby contributing to the fields of cross-sector co-production and policy mobility. Results show that pre-existing relationships between civil society and municipalities have strengthened the collaboration. However, this collaboration blurs lines between new policies and existing practices - thus raising questions on the necessity of adopting this mobile policy. The study also suggests the legitimacy added by UNHCR as an explanation, whilst highlighting the mobility possibilities attributed to Länsstyrelsen. Recommendations include: providing physical meeting spaces, highlighting the uniqueness of the policy and looking into power dynamics to ameliorate the policy adaptation and enhance the mobility potential.

Organisations both locally and internationally spend large portions of their marketing budgets on sponsorship opportunities in order to achieve organisational and marketing objectives. The Springboks are in partnership with an assortment of sponsors, from main sponsors to associate sponsors to official suppliers, all with their own objectives to achieve through their affiliation with the Springboks. Although sponsorship is a rapidly growing marketing communication medium, there seems to be uncertainty about aspects related to its impact and effectiveness. The primary objective of the study was to explore the influence that the sponsorship of the Springboks has on the consumer’s decision to purchase the sponsor products within the Tshwane area. The study was an exploratory study and made use of qualitative data collection tools such as naïve sketches and focus group interviews to obtain primary data. The collected data was analysed by means of content analysis. Various variables that impact on the consumer’s final decision to purchase products can be identified and the literature states that limited knowledge exists regarding the influence of integrated marketing communication (IMC) tools on each stage of the consumer decision-making process. Psychological processes that make up consumer behaviour may be impacted by the effects of IMC and acting further to induce a specific decision from the consumer. This study provides knowledge regarding the influence of sponsorship on consumer behaviour. It was found that sponsorship can contribute to increased awareness of sponsors and that it contributes to positive attitudes maintained within the minds of the consumers. As a result of positive attitudes and increased awareness, participants mentioned that they may consider sponsor brands as alternatives in their decision-making process. The final decision to purchase sponsor brands, as indicated by participants, is not dependent on the sponsorship of the Springboks. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Canada’s response to the Syrian refugee crisis includes a unique program where private citizens can raise funds to sponsor a refugee family. This private refugee sponsorship program tasks citizens with both the financial and social aspects of a refugee’s integration for their first year in Canada. The success of the program has led many other countries, particularly in Europe, to consider adopting a similar approach. Although there has been an increased interest in the program, there is a lack of research into the sponsorship experience. This study aims to provide further insight into the sponsorship experience by studying whether it includes an element of learning for the sponsors. This was done by conducting in-depth interviews and analyzing them based on situated learning theory and placing the results in the context of previous research done on sponsors in Canada during the Kosovo crisis. The principle findings of this study show that private refugee sponsorship groups are indeed sites of adult learning for the sponsors. However, the degree to which this is the case differs depending on how sponsorship groups are positioned vis-à-vis the refugee family and the professional settlement community.