<p>This licentiate thesis describes development of modellingtools, experimental physical modelling and numerical modellingto simulate real combustion processes for advanced industrialutility boiler before and after retrofit.</p><p>The work presents extended study about formation,destruction and control of pollutants, especially NOx, whichoccur during combustion process.</p><p>The main aim of this work is to improve mixing process incombustion chamber. To do this, the optimization of placementand direction of additional air and fuel nozzles, the physicalmodelling technique is used. By using that method, it ispossible to obtain qualitative information about processes,which occur in the real boiler. The numerical simulationsverify the results from physical modelling, because duringmathematical modelling quantitative informations about flow andmixing patterns, temperature field, species concentration areobtained.</p><p>Two 3D cases, before and after retrofit, of pulverized fuelfired boiler at 125 MW output thermal power are simulated. Theunstructured mesh technique is also used to discretize theboiler. The number of grid was 427 656 before retrofit and 513362 after retrofit. The comparisons of results of numericalsimulation before and after retrofit are presented. The resultsfrom physical modelling and numerical simulation are alsoshown.</p><p>Results present that nozzles of additional air and fuel givea considerably better mixing process, uniform temperature fieldand CO2 mass fraction. The whole combustion chamber worksalmost as a "well stirred reactor", while upper part of boilerworks as a "plug flow reactor".</p><p>Differences between from measured of temperatures andpredicted temperatures are not too big, the maximum differenceis about 100 K. It seems, that calculated temperatures showgood agreement with measurement data.</p><p>The results illuminate the potential of physical andnumerical modelling methods as promising tools to deal with thecomplicated combustion processes, even for practicalapplication in the industry.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>air staging, fuel staging, boiler, furnace,computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation, pollutants,physical modeling, pulverized fuel combustion.</p>

Das präoperative Staging ist von eminenter Bedeutung für die Planung einer differenzierten chirurgischen Therapiestragie für gastrointestinale Tumoren. Die endoskopische Sonographie hat sich inzwischen als das Verfahren mit der höchsten Genauigkeit in der lokoregionären Ausbreitungdiagnostik von Tumoren des Ösophagus, Magens, Pankreas und Kolorektums etabliert. Es bestehen jedoch verschiedene Limitationen, die den klinischen Stellenwert der bisher verfügbaren endosonographischen Techniken einschränken. Eine wesentliche Limitation der Endosonographie ist die ungenügende Sensitivität für Fernmetastasen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Ergebnisse des präoperativen Staging gastroinestinaler Tumoren durch innovative endosonographische Verfahren und die kombinierte laparoskopische Diagnostik mittels Staging-Laparoskopie und laparoskopischer Sonographie zu optimieren. Im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der lokoregionären Ausbreitungsdiagnostik wurden verschiedene neue diagnostische und interventionelle endosonographische Techniken entwickelt und klinisch evaluiert. Für die differenzierte Abklärung von Kurabilität und Resektabilität gastrointestinaler Tumoren im Rahmen der Staging-Laparoskopie wurde ein systematischer Untersuchungs-algorhythmus für die kombinierte laparoskopische Diagnostik etabliert. Die Ergebnisse der Staging-Laparoskopie im Vergleich zum konventionellen Staging wurden bei mehr als 600 Patienten prospektiv dokumentiert und der Stellenwert für die chirurgische Therapieplanung analysiert. Die Resultate unserer Untersuchungen demonstrieren, daß das lokoregionäre Staging gastrointestinaler Tumoren durch neue endosonographische Techniken wie die Minisonden-Endsonographie, 3D-Endosonographie und endosonographische Punktionsverfahren weiter verbessert werden kann. Als sensitive Methode für die Diagnostik intraabdomineller Fernmetasen stellt die Laparoskopie eine ideale Ergänzung des lokoregionären endosonographischen Staging dar. Der kombinierte Einsatz dieser minimal invasiven Techniken ermöglicht eine verbesserte präoperative Beurteilung der Resektabilität und Kurabilität gastrointestinaler Tumoren. Hierdurch kann die Planung einer differenzierten chirurgischen Tumortherapie optimiert werden. / Accurate preoperative staging of gastrointestainal tumors is essential for planning of surgical therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound has improved evaluation of locoregional tumor spread significantly. However, there are some technical problems that limit the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound with currently available techniques. The most important limitations is the insatisfactory sensitivity for metastatic disease. We have developed new technologies for endoscopic ultrasound that can overcome most of the problems encountered with conventional endoscopic ultrasound. Furthermore a staging algorithm including the use of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound was evaluated to enhance the sensitivity for distant metastases. The results of our studies show that innovative endoscopic techniques, i.e. miniprobe ultrasonography, 3D endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound guided can improve the accuray of endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of gastrointestinal cancers. Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography are ideal adjunct to endoscopic ultrasound, because both increase the sensitivity for distant metastases significantly. Combined staging with innovative endoscopic techniques and staging laparoscopy facilitates planning of surgery and multimodal therapy.

Objectives: To investigate the controversially discussed relationship between tumor size and the occurrence of primary synchronous metastatic disease in renal cell cancer (RCC). Patients and Methods: A consecutive RCC cohort of 2,058 patients (150 primary metastatic) who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2010 was investigated. Rates of synchronous metastases were calculated for stratified groups of tumor size. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models were calculated for the correlation of tumor size with primary metastatic disease. Results: The rate of metastatic disease increased with increasing tumor size. Tumor size was significantly correlated with synchronous metastatic disease (p < 0.001, c-index 0.772), but for RCCs ≤ 4 cm in size no significant correlation was found. Regarding tumors ≤ 5 cm in size, the correlation became significant (p = 0.028, c-index 0.621). A multivariate logistic regression model for the prediction of synchronous metastatic disease including tumor size, age and comorbidity yielded a significant c-index of 0.82 and was used to construct a nomogram. Conclusion: Our data confirm the correlation between tumor size and the rate of synchronous metastatic disease. Small renal tumors <4 cm in size have a low risk of synchronous metastatic disease. The risk becomes significantly associated with tumor size for tumors ≤ 5 cm.

This licentiate thesis describes development of modellingtools, experimental physical modelling and numerical modellingto simulate real combustion processes for advanced industrialutility boiler before and after retrofit. The work presents extended study about formation,destruction and control of pollutants, especially NOx, whichoccur during combustion process. The main aim of this work is to improve mixing process incombustion chamber. To do this, the optimization of placementand direction of additional air and fuel nozzles, the physicalmodelling technique is used. By using that method, it ispossible to obtain qualitative information about processes,which occur in the real boiler. The numerical simulationsverify the results from physical modelling, because duringmathematical modelling quantitative informations about flow andmixing patterns, temperature field, species concentration areobtained. Two 3D cases, before and after retrofit, of pulverized fuelfired boiler at 125 MW output thermal power are simulated. Theunstructured mesh technique is also used to discretize theboiler. The number of grid was 427 656 before retrofit and 513362 after retrofit. The comparisons of results of numericalsimulation before and after retrofit are presented. The resultsfrom physical modelling and numerical simulation are alsoshown. Results present that nozzles of additional air and fuel givea considerably better mixing process, uniform temperature fieldand CO2 mass fraction. The whole combustion chamber worksalmost as a "well stirred reactor", while upper part of boilerworks as a "plug flow reactor". Differences between from measured of temperatures andpredicted temperatures are not too big, the maximum differenceis about 100 K. It seems, that calculated temperatures showgood agreement with measurement data. The results illuminate the potential of physical andnumerical modelling methods as promising tools to deal with thecomplicated combustion processes, even for practicalapplication in the industry. <b>Keywords:</b>air staging, fuel staging, boiler, furnace,computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation, pollutants,physical modeling, pulverized fuel combustion. / NR 20140805

Cette thèse a pour but d’identifier, dans la mise en scène européenne des années 1990-2000, les pratiques de la frontalité et d’en déterminer les enjeux en termes de mise en scène, de jeu et de présence de l’acteur et de réception du spectateur. L’analyse distingue trois modalités d’intervention de la frontalité, chaque fois remises dans leur perspective historique. La première est celle de l’interpellation, dans l’héritage du théâtre de foire ou d’intervention. La frontalité y est le support d’un acte de communication. Deuxièmement, la frontalité prend une dimension cérémonielle et devient le fondement de l’acte théâtral pour élaborer, cette fois, une relation indirecte avec les spectateurs. Dans sa troisième modalité, la frontalité dépasse le face-à-face entre acteurs et spectateurs, soit par le recours à l’image vidéo, créant un face-à-face médiatisé, soit par l’extension de la frontalité à l’ensemble de la scène. Finalement, l’usage de la frontalité témoigne d’une nouvelle économie de la représentation fondée sur un principe de réciprocité entre le geste du metteur en scène, l’engagement de l’acteur, la production scénique et l’individu spectateur. Au-delà du souci de conduire le spectateur à une activité critique ou à une participation fusionnelle, la frontalité invite à interroger sa position de retrait et sa passivité extérieure. / This thesis aims at identifying the practices of frontal acting in the European performances between the 1990’s and the 2000’s in order to define its challenges with regards to the staging, the acting, the actor’s presence on stage as well as in terms of spectator’s perception. Our analysis distinguishes three modes of frontal acting, by replacing each of them in its historical context. The first one is “interpellation” inherited from the Theatre performances at fairs and the Agit-Prop Theatre. In this case, frontal acting is considered as a medium for communication. The second mode, frontal acting takes a ceremonial dimension and becomes the basis of the theatrical moment in order to create, this time, an indirect relationship between actors and spectators. In its third mode, frontal acting exceeds the face-to-face between actors and spectators either thanks to the use of the video – creating media attention around the face-to-face – or thanks to the extension of frontal acting to the full stage. Finally, the use of frontal acting indicates the emergence of a new performance mode based on a reciprocity principle between the gesture of the director, the commitment of the actor, the performance and the spectator as an individual. Beyond the willingness to lead the spectator to a critical thought processor to a fusional participation, frontal acting invites to question his distant position and his external passivity.

No description available.

<p> Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa fenomenet <em>homestaging </em>i teori och praktik, med huvudinriktning på geografisk betydelse.</p><p> </p><p>Begreppet homestaging skapades på 1970-talet i USA och har funnits i Sverige sedan slutet av 1990-talet, men det är först på 2000-talet som det har blivit ett allmänt begrepp.</p><p> </p><p>Vi har för avsikt att jämföra homestagingens betydelse i ett litet samhälle, en mellanstor stad och en större stad. Då vi även är nyfikna på om det finns en geografisk skillnad, valde vi även att jämföra två likvärda orter i norra och södra Sverige.</p><p> </p><p>Vi har gjort enkätundersökningar på tre mäklarfirmors kontor i Ljusdal, Gävle, Stockholm och Vimmerby, för att ta reda på om de använder sig av homestaging och vad de har för tankar kring fenomenet. Vi valde dessa fastighetsmäklarfirmor då de har kontor på samtliga fyra orter vi valt att titta närmare på, och för att de har en relativt stor marknadsandel.</p><p>Vi har även intervjuat tre kvinnor som arbetar med homestaging för att ta del av deras arbetssätt, syn på yrket och dess framtid.</p><p> </p><p>I uppsatsen belyser vi också homestaging som en upplevelse och hur bostadsspekulanter kan påverkas med hjälp av ”upplevelserummet”.</p><p> </p><p>Begreppet avdragsrätt och hur tilläggstjänster behandlas skatterättsligt, granskas även i uppsatsen.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa fenomenet homestaging i teori och praktik, med huvudinriktning på geografisk betydelse.   Begreppet homestaging skapades på 1970-talet i USA och har funnits i Sverige sedan slutet av 1990-talet, men det är först på 2000-talet som det har blivit ett allmänt begrepp.   Vi har för avsikt att jämföra homestagingens betydelse i ett litet samhälle, en mellanstor stad och en större stad. Då vi även är nyfikna på om det finns en geografisk skillnad, valde vi även att jämföra två likvärda orter i norra och södra Sverige.   Vi har gjort enkätundersökningar på tre mäklarfirmors kontor i Ljusdal, Gävle, Stockholm och Vimmerby, för att ta reda på om de använder sig av homestaging och vad de har för tankar kring fenomenet. Vi valde dessa fastighetsmäklarfirmor då de har kontor på samtliga fyra orter vi valt att titta närmare på, och för att de har en relativt stor marknadsandel. Vi har även intervjuat tre kvinnor som arbetar med homestaging för att ta del av deras arbetssätt, syn på yrket och dess framtid.   I uppsatsen belyser vi också homestaging som en upplevelse och hur bostadsspekulanter kan påverkas med hjälp av ”upplevelserummet”.   Begreppet avdragsrätt och hur tilläggstjänster behandlas skatterättsligt, granskas även i uppsatsen.

The thesis evaluates the results of experimental protocol involving the fertility sparing treatment procedure in early stage cervical carcinoma (LAP I protocol). Sentinel lymph node detection and experimental extirpation of afferent channels using laparoscopy and its technical aspects were analysed in prospective group of 85 women. The oncologic results and early/late morbidity show that established surgical procedures can be considered safe with minimal morbidity, provided that the indication criteria are met. The second part analyses the results of 148 women with no further pregnancy plans suffering from cervical tumors less than 2 cm in size with invasion less than half of the stroma (LAP II protocol). The oncological results in our defined group are very good and comparable to 'standard' procedure of modified radical hysterectomy type B or C with lower morbidity. In the separate section the thesis analyses the possibilities of laparoscopy in endometrial cancer treatment including the potentials of use of sentinel lymph node detection and technical aspects of laparoscopy in obese women. Currently the biggest controversy is the use of laparoscopy in malignant ovarian tumors. Our oncogynaecological study group at FN Motol prefers the laparotomic approach and we chose to include the set of advanced...

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-13T18:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_doutorado-2016_linguagem_Glayci-Xavier.pdf: 33921597 bytes, checksum: dbae3054c1ce07765a49fe0be4c2e2dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-06T15:02:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_doutorado-2016_linguagem_Glayci-Xavier.pdf: 33921597 bytes, checksum: dbae3054c1ce07765a49fe0be4c2e2dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T15:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_doutorado-2016_linguagem_Glayci-Xavier.pdf: 33921597 bytes, checksum: dbae3054c1ce07765a49fe0be4c2e2dc (MD5) / Colégio Pedro II, São Cristóvão III, Rio de Janeiro, RJ / O presente trabalho analisa a construção das encenações descritiva e narrativa no mangá Turma da Mônica Jovem, obra de Maurício de Sousa, e os efeitos de sentido decorrentes destas, produzidos por meio da relação verbo-visual. Como diretriz da pesquisa, são empregados, sobretudo, pressupostos da Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, de Patrick Charaudeau, com relação à competência de linguagem, aos modos de organização do discurso – enfatizando os modos descritivo e narrativo – e aos imaginários sociodiscursivos. Além disso, focalizando a relação palavra-imagem, são utilizados alguns preceitos da semiótica peirciana, com o apoio de outros conceitos e aportes teóricos relacionados à relação verbo-visual e às histórias em quadrinhos. Como corpus de análise, são utilizados fragmentos de edições alternadas da revista Turma da Mônica Jovem (entre a edição 1 e a 64) para exemplificar os aspectos elencados, além das edições 41, 48 e 63, para uma análise global e aplicação dos conceitos estudados. Por meio da análise das estratégias discursivas utilizadas no material, é possível concluir que, para adequar a publicação ao novo sujeito destinatário, procurou-se manter o perfil ideológico da Turma da Mônica tradicional, adicionando elementos que programassem um destinatário ideal com o qual o público leitor e consumidor se identificasse. Somando-se a isso, como estratégia de captação, foram utilizadas representações sociais e imaginários sociodiscursivos relativos ao universo adolescente com um papel de espelho identitário, facilitando a adesão do leitor / This paper analyzes the construction of the descriptive and narrative staging in the Monica Teen manga, created by Maurício de Sousa, and the effects of meaning deriving from them, produced by the verb-visual interface. The survey was conducted from the theoreticalmethodological approach of Semiolinguistics Theory, by Patrick Charaudeau, related to the language competence, the discourse organization modes – emphasizing the descriptive and the narrative – and the socio-discursive imaginaries. Furthermore, to focus on the word-image relationship, some precepts of Peirce's semiotics were used, and other concepts and theoretical issues connected to the verb-visual interface, also related to comics. As corpus of analysis, fragments of alternated editions from Monica Teen comic book are used (between editing 1 and 64) to exemplify the listed aspects; in addition, the editions numbers 41, 48 and 63 are used for a global analysis and application of the concepts studied. Throughout the analysis of the discursive strategies used in the material, it can be concluded that, in order to adapt the publication to new subject receiver, they tried to keep the ideological profile of Monica´s Gang, adding elements that could program an ideal receiver with whom the readership and consumers would identify themselves. In addition, as a strategy of captation, social representations and socio-discursive imaginary from the adolescent universe were used, with the role of an identity mirror, facilitating the reader's adherence