The study asks what factors first captures police officers attention and what other factors are added to the decision to stop a specific vehicle in a self-initiated vehicle stop. The methods used to examine the questions are interviews and participant observations with twelve policeofficers on active patrol duty in the Stockholm area. During the study twelve interviews were conducted and a total of twenty-five vehicle stops were observed and the data was thematically analysed. The results show that a number of differents factors are taken into account when deciding to stop a specific vehicle. The conditions surrounding the stop was afactor taking other traffic and light conditions into account. Incongruences in the persons behavior and reactions to the police officers as well as displaying aggressive or irregular driving were factors. Additional factors that were taken into account during the profiling were the time and place and the condition of the vehicle. Furthermore, factors concerning the persons in the vehicle were added. They could be perceived as interesting based on gender, age and how they dressed. No theme describing ethnicity as a factor has been found. The fact that a vehicle was in an area deemed to be of special interest for the officers was also acommon theme. What first caught the attention of the officers in regards to a specific vehicle would vary based on the conditions in the specific situation. The most common theme when it came to the first factors was that something was perceived as being incongruent when it came to behavior or driving style or that the vehicle itself signaled that a stop could be interesting, usually a high-status car or an older car with defects. The fact that a vehicle was found in an area of interest was also a common first factor. Parallells drawn to previous research och theory show that the they are consistent with the result presented in the study. Special focus is given to social schema-theory and theories concerning social cognition and attention.

Although hot spots policing has become one of the most promising policing strategies, the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of hot spots policing does not suggest what police should be doing in crime hot spots. To date, police enforcement actions – pedestrian investigations, traffic enforcement, and arrests – still dominate American policing. Yet empirical studies of these actions have not: focused on micro-geographic areas, employed multiple measures of police enforcement actions, or empirically compared the effectiveness of different enforcement actions. Given these gaps in the literature, a mixed-methods study sought to answer four research questions. (1) Do four police enforcement actions focused on offenders or potential offenders reduce violent crime in hot spots? The four police enforcement actions examined were pedestrian investigations, traffic enforcement events, quality of life arrests, and violent crime arrests. (2) Are any one of these four police enforcement actions more effective than the others? (3) When police commanders allocate resources to crime hot spots, what do police commanders think they are doing? (4) What are police commanders’ rationales for what they do in crime hot spots? The first two questions were answered using official data from the Philadelphia Police Department. A purposive sample of 169 high crime street blocks and intersections was drawn and longitudinal data analyses examined the effects of police enforcement actions on monthly violent crime counts from 2009 to 2013 (n = 10,140). Wald Tests were used to test for the differential effectiveness of the four enforcement actions. Qualitative methods answered the remaining two research questions. Field observations of crime strategy meetings (May, 2014 to August, 2014) and interviews with police commanders (November, 2014 to February, 2015) were conducted. The quantitative results found total enforcement and pedestrian stop levels in the previous or same month linked to higher expected monthly violent crime counts. The positive effect of pedestrian stops was significantly larger than the effects of traffic enforcement or quality of life arrests. Despite the positive relationship between police enforcement and violent crime, the qualitative results provided insight into what police commanders thought they were doing in crime hot spots. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) “locking down” crime hot spots, (2) disrupting high risk offenders, and (3) educating potential victims. Police commanders rationalized these beliefs with four explanations of their effectiveness: (1) making offenders “think twice”, (2) denying potential offenders and victims certain places in order to reduce crime opportunities, (3) getting high risk offenders “off the street”, and (4) target hardening. Drawing on theorizing for how police enforcement actions might actually link to higher levels of crime (Grabosky, 1996) and methodological concerns raised by Taylor (2015), five possible explanations for the observed positive relationships among police enforcement actions and violent crime are provided: (1) an anticipatory effect, (2) over-deterrence, (3) escalation, (4) unintended enticement and self-fulfilling prophecies, and (5) temporal scaling. The anticipatory effect explanation centers on the police correctly anticipating outbreaks of violent crime but violent crime still not being reduced due to (1) dosage, (2) the overuse of enforcement, (3) police legitimacy, (4) temporal displacement or two components the study’s design (5) imprecise measurement and (6) lack of a proper counterfactual. Additionally, police enforcement actions may inadvertently reduce guardianship though over-deterrence, escalate competition among rival offenders, or inform potential offenders of crimes they could or “should” be committing. Finally, the study’s temporal scale (i.e., months) may not be fine enough to capture the actual cycling of how increased enforcement actions produce lower violent crime levels. The qualitative data are drawn upon to possibly support these explanations. Additionally, the pros and cons of police commanders’ perspectives on the use and effectiveness of enforcement actions are discussed in context of the criminological theory and crime control literatures. Finally, the results are discussed in terms of their implications for crime control theory and policy. / Criminal Justice

Background: The nightlife environment is a frequent place of the sexual violence. It happens mainly because of the atmosphere and environment in the clubs, which are sexualized and characterized by alcohol consumption or other psychoactive substances. In the Czech Republic, nobody has been systematically involved in the prevention of sexual violence by this time. Since the end of 2017, the Department of Addictology has become a partner of the project Stop-SV - Stop Sexual Violence, which is dedicated to staff training in the clubs. Aims: The primary aim is to evaluate the training program by the club staff who attended the Stop-SV training. Methodology: The thesis is based on qualitative research methodology. Respondents were selected as simple random sampling. The selection criterion was the condition of participation in the Stop-SV training as the club staff. The research sample consisted of 11 respondents - 5 women and 6 men, 28 years of average age and on the positions as bar staff, security, managers, nightlife service worker, DJ, photographer. The data were analyzed using open and axial coding methods of the grounded theory. Results: The results are divided into three categories that correspond to research questions - evaluation of methodology and lecturers, evaluation of use in their own...

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T12:29:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSSILENE MILHOMEM JARDIM COSTA.pdf: 1949139 bytes, checksum: 009b6742959cc303cdcc117998f11d29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T12:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSSILENE MILHOMEM JARDIM COSTA.pdf: 1949139 bytes, checksum: 009b6742959cc303cdcc117998f11d29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas - PUC - Campinas / This research aims to reflect on development of pre-school children?s imagination and creativity using stop motion technique, with the historical-cultural approach as a theoretical reference. Based on this theoretical framework, the following specific objectives were outlined: (i) to reflect on the limits and potentialities of using the stop motion technique as a pedagogical practice in Preschool education; and (ii) to understand the relevance of such pedagogical practice which stimulates imagination and creativity in education. Aged five or six years old, thirty-two students at a pre-primary school in Indaitatuba took part in this research. The qualitative method was applied and, as outputs, stop motion animations were produced and organized in axes and sub-axes. The first axis refers to what and how did the children create with three sub-axes: quantitative analysis, predominance of reproduction/recombination, technique mastery. The second axis refers to role of the mediator with the sub-axes: models, reception and challenges of mediation. The results produced and analyzed showed that: 116 characters, both diverse and repeated among pairs, were created by the children; different scenarios were built and transformed by them with drawings, readymade images and modeling dough; stories were imagined and created, individually and in groups, and all students created stop motion animations by manipulating the technological tools available. Furthermore, from the analysis of the axes, propositions of models, the reception of the students? ideas, children?s autonomy and technique, as well as mediation dilemmas could be observed. Such aspects evidenced that the use of stop motion was relevant for the children as they loosened up, created, understood the proposal and displayed autonomy and creativity. Using such a technique also proved pertinent, as it is a practice that requires a creative process to imagine characters, stories and scenarios. The creative models provided by the adult ? in this case the researcher ? and the reception of the children?s ideas encouraged this creative dynamic and strongly contributed to the development of the imagination. Thus, this research brings its contribution to the understanding of children?s imaginative capacity and the many ways to develop them through innovative educational practices using technology. In addition, it supports teacher training programs regarding the poss ibility of works using the stop motion technique as a teaching- learning resource for students in preschool. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento imaginativo e criativo de crian?as na Educa??o Infantil por meio do uso da t?cnica de stop motion, tendo como referencial te?rico a abordagem hist?rico-cultural. Com base nesse arcabou?o te?rico, foram delineados os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos: (i) refletir sobre os limites e as potencialidades do uso da t?cnica de stop motion como pr?tica pedag?gica na Educa??o Infantil; e (ii) entender a relev?ncia da pr?tica pedag?gica que estimule a imagina??o e a criatividade na Educa??o. Participaram da pesquisa 32 alunos, entre cinco e seis anos, de uma escola de Educa??o Infantil de Indaiatuba. O m?todo utilizado foi qualitativo e, como procedimentos, foram produzidas anima??es em stop motion. A pesquisa foi organizada em eixos e subeixos. O primeiro eixo se relacionou ao o que e como as crian?as criaram, tendo tr?s subeixos: an?lise quantitativa; predom?nio da reprodu??o/recombina??o; dom?nio da t?cnica. O segundo eixo tratou do papel do mediador, com os subeixos: modelos; acolhimento; e desafios da media??o. Os resultados produzidos e analisados indicaram que: as crian?as criaram 116 personagens diversificados e, tamb?m, repetidos entre os pares; foram constru?dos diversos cen?rios, transformados pelos estudantes com desenhos, imagens prontas e massa de modelar; as crian?as imaginaram e criaram hist?rias individuais e em conjunto e todos criaram anima??o em stop motion. A partir das an?lises dos eixos, foi poss?vel constatar: proposi??es de modelos; acolhimento das ideias dos alunos; t?cnica e autonomia das crian?as; dilemas da media??o. Tais aspectos evidenciaram que o uso do stop motion foi relevante para as crian?as, pois elas se soltaram, criaram, entenderam a proposta e tiveram autonomia e criatividade. Utilizar tal t?cnica tamb?m se mostrou pertinente por ser uma pr?tica que exige um processo criativo para imaginar personagens, hist?rias e cen?rios. Os modelos criativos proporcionados pelo adulto ? no caso, a pesquisadora ? e acolhimento das ideias das crian?as auxiliaram nessa din?mica criativa e contribu?ram fortemente para o desenvolvimento da imagina??o. Esta pesquisa traz, assim, contribui??es para a compreens?o sobre a capacidade imaginativa de crian?as e as m?ltiplas formas de desenvolv?- las por meio de pr?ticas educacionais inovadoras com o uso da tecnologia. Al?m disso, auxilia a forma??o de professores no que diz respeito ?s possibilidades de trabalhos com a t?cnica de stop motion como recurso de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos na Educa??o Infantil.

Le 1er transfert de brin, étape cruciale de la transcription inverse impliquant la protéine de nucléocapside du VIH-1 (NC), repose sur l’appariement de la séquence r de l’ADN « strong stop » (ADNss) avec la séquence 3’ R de l’ARN viral (3’UTR) qui forme les tiges-boucles TAR et polyA. La séquence r est supposé former les tiges-boucles cTAR et cpolyA. Le transfert repose donc probablement sur l’hybridation de molécules structurées. La structure secondaire de l’ADNss n’a jamais été déterminée. L’objectif a été d’identifier les interactions et structures gouvernant l’hybridation de l’ADNss avec l’ARN 3’UTR. Les outils de la biologie moléculaire et trois sondes de structure ciblant l’ADN ont été utilisés pour atteindre cet objectif. Nos résultats sont les suivants : 1) l’ADN cTAR nu se replie sous la forme de deux conformations différentes qui sont en équilibre ; 2) la NC peut déplacer l’équilibre vers l’une des conformations et se fixer préférentiellement sur la boucle interne du cTAR ; 3) la NC est exigée pour former un hétéroduplex constitué de l’intégralité de l’ADNss et du 3’ UTR ; 4) l’hybridation ADNss-3’UTR peut être initiée à partir de plusieurs sites dans 0,2 mM MgCl2 ; 5) l’ADNss forme deux conformations en équilibre dans 0,2 mM MgCl2 et principalement une seule dans 2 mM MgCl2 ; 6) dans l’ADNss, la NC se fixe préférentiellement au niveau de la région simple-brin qui relie les tiges-boucles cTAR et cpolyA. Cette fixation joue probablement un rôle important dans l’hybridation des tiges-boucles ARN et ADN complémentaires. Notre étude permet de mieux comprendre la transcription inverse et la recombinaison qui dépend du transfert de brin interne. / The 1st strand transfer, a crucial step of reverse transcription involving the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC), relies on base pairing of the r sequence of strong-stop DNA (ssDNA) with the 3’ R sequence of viral RNA (3’ UTR) which forms the TAR and polyA stem-loops. The r sequence can form the cTAR and cpolyA stem-loops. Therefore, the transfer relies probably on annealing of folded molecules. This process is not well known at the molecular and structural level. The tools of molecular biology and three DNA-targeted probes were used to get insights into the annealing process. Our results were the following: 1) in the absence of NC, the cTAR DNA folds into two distinct conformations in equilibrium; 2) NC slightly shifts the equilibrium toward one conformation and binds tightly the internal loop of the cTAR hairpin; 3) NC is required for the formation of heteroduplex of the full-length ssDNA and 3’ UTR; 4) the annealing of ssDNA to 3’ UTR can be initiated from different sites in the presence of 0.2 mM MgCl2; 5) the full-length ssDNA folds into two conformations in equilibrium in 0.2 mM MgCl2 but mainly into one conformation in 2 mM MgCl2 ; 6) NC preferentially binds to the single-stranded region between the cTAR and cpolyA hairpins in ssDNA. This binding site probably plays an important role in the annealing of complementary DNA and RNA hairpins. This study helps us to gain insights into the reverse transcription process and the associated genetic recombination.

Les aciers inoxydables sont employés dans des secteurs d’activitéspour lesquels les caractéristiques mécaniques et la résistance à lacorrosion sont primordiaux. Les nuances austéno-ferritiques sansmolybdène (lean-duplex), ont une résistance à la corrosion et despropriétés mécaniques supérieures aux aciers inoxydables austénitiques.Cependant, leur usinabilité est inférieure à celle de leur homologueausténitique. Pour améliorer cette propriété des éléments peuvent êtreajoutés dans les nuances, tel que le niobium. L’objectif de cette étude estd’améliorer l’usinabilité des lean-duplex sans dégrader les autrespropriétés. Différentes teneurs en niobium ont été ajoutées dans un1.4362 pour comprendre comment cet élément affecte la microstructure,la résilience, et la résistance à la corrosion par piqûres. Ces résultatsvont permettre de définir une teneur en niobium optimale. Pour finir, desessais d’usinabilité et de résilience ont été effectués sur des couléesindustrielles de 1.4362 avec et sans niobium après divers traitementsthermiques pour comprendre l’influence d’un ajout de niobium sur cesdeux propriétés. / Stainless steels are used in some industries requiring mechanicalproperties and corrosion resistance. Lean duplex have higher corrosionresistance and mechanical properties than the austenitic stainless steels.However, their machinability is below that of the corresponding austeniticstainless steels. To improve it, some elements can be added in thegrade, like niobium. The aim of this study is to increase machinability oflean duplex grades without degrading their other properties. Differentcontents of niobium were tested in a 1.4362 to understand how thiselement affects the microstructure, the toughness and the pittingcorrosion resistance. With these results optimum niobium content isdefined. Turning and toughness experiments were done on industrial1.4362 grades with and without niobium and with different heatstreatments in order to understand how niobium can influence theseproperties.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flavio gomes de oliveira.pdf: 1368250 bytes, checksum: 7a96f31617a529d76c09f60c8e762c0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / The main objective of this research is to establish the actual situation of the animation world with emphasis on animation technique known as stop motion. This survey is based on major feature films animated film produced in ten years covering the years between 1999 and 2008, then promote a discussion about this technique and the main visual characteristics present in films of the genre, in order to elect some quality indicators for this type of animation that justify maintenance of use of this technique. For master image production, is shown a short movie animation, produced with the technique of stop motion, following the technical indicators in the survey and system stereoscopic presentation. / O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer o panorama atual da animação mundial com ênfase na técnica de animação conhecida como stop motion. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento dos principais filmes de animação produzidos entre 1999 e 2008, para em seguida, promover uma discussão a respeito da utilização desta técnica e das principais características visuais presentes nos filmes do gênero, com a finalidade de eleger alguns indicativos de qualidade para este tipo de animação que justifiquem a manutenção do uso desta técnica. A título de produção imagética de mestrado, é apresentado um pequeno vídeo de animação, produzido com a técnica de stop motion, seguindo os indicativos técnicos apontados pela pesquisa e com sistema de apresentação estereoscópica.

In dieser Arbeit sollen die maßgeblichen nationalen Zugbeeinflussungssysteme der Länder Polen (SHP, Radio-Stop, KHP), Slowakei und Tschechien (LS, MIREL VZ1) vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen werden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf einer funktionellen Betrachtung, wobei auch der technische Hintergrund nicht unberücksichtigt bleibt. Ein Ausblick auf die zukünftigen Bemühungen hinsichtlich ETCS rundet den Überblick ab. / This paper compares the major national train protection systems of Poland (SHP, Radio-Stop, KHP), the Slovak Republic and Czechia (LS, MIREL VZ1). The emphasis is placed on a functional description, while mentioning the relevant technical background where necessary. An outlook on future developments regarding ETCS in the respective countries concludes each chapter.

This paper explores public health campaigns as they relate to tweens and their use of technology. After considering how this demographic utilizes both traditional and new media, further examination was done on general health problems that affect this group. Three major health issues were then chosen for analysis. A relevant campaign for each issue was also evaluated, as were its overall marketing and communication efforts. The health problems and corresponding campaigns chosen include childhood obesity and the “Let’s Move” campaign, electronic aggression and the “Stop Bullying” campaign and youth suicide and the “WeCanHelpUs” campaign. From these analyses, recommendations for ways to improve each campaign were provided, as were general conclusions for reaching this demographic more efficiently and effectively. / text

This study aimed to extend the knowledge on player and surface loading by contributing new data in relation to a greater range of movements, relevant in-game scenarios and on carefully controlled third generation artificial turf surfaces. This was done by selecting soccer relevant movements and in-game scenarios for a player movement study with the help of a player focus group and questionnaire. Furthermore, four surfaces were created with surface hardness and rotational traction values at the upper and lower limits of the standards set by FIFA. The study showed that both the surface hardness and rotational traction properties can affect the human movement dynamics, though these effects were mainly present during the stop and turn manoeuvre. During the stop and turn manoeuvre the soft and high traction surfaces conditions led to increased frontal plane moments as well as increased average ground reaction forces during mid-stance. In combination with decreased ground contact times it appeared that the players were able to decelerate / accelerate faster and generate a larger force on the soft and high traction surfaces. During peak push off it appeared that the players were able to generate a larger force on the hard surfaces, which also led to a significant increase in plantar flexion moment. While some parameters showed an effect for surface hardness and / or rotational traction across all four surface conditions, for others such as the knee valgus, hip extension and hip internal rotation moment showed only a significant effect between two of the four surfaces. At the same time the other surfaces showed either no effect or the opposite effect. This suggests that the effects of the surface hardness can be influenced by the rotational traction properties, and vice versa. Regarding the jumping / heading manoeuvre the effects of the surface conditions were limited. This may have been related to the high demands of the movement, or to limitations of the mechanical measurement methods. In addition to the effects of surface properties on human movement dynamics the study also showed that the mechanical measurement methods may not be representative of the human loading. The impact force conditions of the advanced artificial athlete were substantially different to that of the stop and turn and jumping / heading manoeuvre. Whereas for the rotational traction test the study showed that the rotation of the foot during the ST was substantially less than the minimum 45° required by the FIFA guidelines. Regarding the inclusion of in-game scenarios the study showed that both the simulated opponent used for the stop and turn manoeuvre, and heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump manoeuvre can affect the human movement dynamics. During the stop and turn with a simulated opponent the frontal plane moments in the lower limbs were significantly increased. However, this increase in joint loading could not be related to any changes in movement strategy. During the landing after heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump the players used a different landing strategy by landing in a more upright position and increasing the ankle plantar flexion ankle just before lading. This allowed for a larger change in the ankle plantar / dorsi flexion angle to absorb the impact of the landing. In addition to this, the heading manoeuvre also led to a significant increase in the frontal plane joint moments of the lower limbs. For future studies it is recommended that a combination of surface properties is used to gain insight into how these affect each other regarding the effects they have on human movement dynamics. In addition, they should provide detailed information on the surface design as well as the properties. Regarding the quantification of the properties it is recommended that in addition to industry standards the surfaces are also quantified using conditions closer to those expected within the study. It is also recommended that future studies incorporate in-game scenarios in order to gain more insight into the effects of interventions that simulate actual match situations.