This dissertation is a fragment of a larger -project that explores the works of five major oral mythtellers from Haida Gwaii, whose myths were transcribed in 1900 and 1901 by John Swanton: Haayas of the Hliiyalang Qiighawaay (Isaac Haias), Kingagwaaw of the Ghaw Sttlan Llanagaay (Walter Kingagwo), Gumsiiwa of the Xhiida Xhaaydaghaay (Job Moody), Ghandl of the Qayahl Llaanas (Walter McGregor) and Skaay of the Qquuna Qiighawaay (John Sky). While this larger frame constitutes the overall context, the thesis itself focuses on several myths that in their turn form only a small part of a larger whole, a part that is representative and unique at the same time: Skaay's Qquuna Cycle. The focus of the dissertation thus mirrors the structure of Skaay's work, which consists - to use one of Skaay's central images - of a series of boxes within boxes. The method of investigation is polyphonic, that is, a variety of different voices and discourses - including academic monologues, fictional dialogues, narratives, poems, autobiographical accounts, and various quotations - combine in order to do justice not only to the complexity of the myths but also to their inherent openness that allows a myriad of different readings, each of which depends on the concrete situation in which the myth is read or told (including social, historical and political conditions), the cultural background of the listener / reader and his or her familiarity with Haida culture, the individuality and predispositions of the listener/reader, and much more. What is in the innermost box of the myths, the dissertation concludes, will be something different for each listener/reader. Since the most important voice in the polyphonic choir is that of the mythteller, Skaay in this case, the analyzed myths are quoted in full length in Haida. Most of them are accompanied, for copyright reasons, not by Robert Bringhurst's poetic translations (which are easily accessible in Skaay's Being in Being) but by a modified version of Swanton's translations from 1905. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The following study compares and contrasts the ways three women writers craft narrative selves in their autobiographical texts. Each of the women, the Metis author Maria Campbell, the Chinese-American writer Maxine Hong Kingston, and the Irish lyric poet Eavan Boland, calls on oral techniques to write her autobiography. The study examines how each of the women draws on the oral traditions of her mother-culture, subsequently using characters from culturally distinct mythologies to express her own growth as writer. The methodologies that inform this study are a combination of postcolonial theories about identity and language, and closely related feminist theories about power relations between women and colonialism and women and patriarchal power. Structuralist and feminist theories about mythologies, as well as analysis of the psychodynamics of orality have also influenced the analysis undertaken in this thesis.<p> The research conducted provides evidence that each woman writes a narrative self structured on the framework of the heroic, but infused with culturespecific heroic characters and characteristics from the mother-culture's oral traditions. Maria Campbell's Half-Breed shows distinctly oral influences both in its narrative structure and in its characters. For example, by comparing Maria's character to Wesakaychak's character from Nehiyawak Trickster cycles and other Native North American Trickster cycles, the study shows how Campbell's character resembles the character from oral tales. The Trickster, and consequently, Maria, destabilizes boundaries and unsettles domains of knowledge, therefore, questioning colonial and patriarchal discourses and imagery. In Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston likewise battles limiting stereotypes held by both her Chinese-American community and the mainstream community she inhabits. The character Maxine imagines herself as both woman warrior and a warrior poet, characters she hears about from her mother, and in the process of chronicling her own training as a woman warrior, she also chronicles her training as a word warrior. Eavan Boland, in Object Lessons unsettles the conventions surrounding the hero-bard whose shadow falls over Irish lyric poetry. While she is marginalized in different ways than either Campbell or Kingston, she shares their desire to show women as active agents in their own lives. These writers show that foremothers exist in other storytelling traditions, even if the textual record does not reflect the influence that female storytellers have had on it. As the women (re)construct themselves in their autobiographies, they work within and against conventional Western heroics, building characters who enrich and redefine what it means to be heroic.

The following study compares and contrasts the ways three women writers craft narrative selves in their autobiographical texts. Each of the women, the Metis author Maria Campbell, the Chinese-American writer Maxine Hong Kingston, and the Irish lyric poet Eavan Boland, calls on oral techniques to write her autobiography. The study examines how each of the women draws on the oral traditions of her mother-culture, subsequently using characters from culturally distinct mythologies to express her own growth as writer. The methodologies that inform this study are a combination of postcolonial theories about identity and language, and closely related feminist theories about power relations between women and colonialism and women and patriarchal power. Structuralist and feminist theories about mythologies, as well as analysis of the psychodynamics of orality have also influenced the analysis undertaken in this thesis.<p> The research conducted provides evidence that each woman writes a narrative self structured on the framework of the heroic, but infused with culturespecific heroic characters and characteristics from the mother-culture's oral traditions. Maria Campbell's Half-Breed shows distinctly oral influences both in its narrative structure and in its characters. For example, by comparing Maria's character to Wesakaychak's character from Nehiyawak Trickster cycles and other Native North American Trickster cycles, the study shows how Campbell's character resembles the character from oral tales. The Trickster, and consequently, Maria, destabilizes boundaries and unsettles domains of knowledge, therefore, questioning colonial and patriarchal discourses and imagery. In Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston likewise battles limiting stereotypes held by both her Chinese-American community and the mainstream community she inhabits. The character Maxine imagines herself as both woman warrior and a warrior poet, characters she hears about from her mother, and in the process of chronicling her own training as a woman warrior, she also chronicles her training as a word warrior. Eavan Boland, in Object Lessons unsettles the conventions surrounding the hero-bard whose shadow falls over Irish lyric poetry. While she is marginalized in different ways than either Campbell or Kingston, she shares their desire to show women as active agents in their own lives. These writers show that foremothers exist in other storytelling traditions, even if the textual record does not reflect the influence that female storytellers have had on it. As the women (re)construct themselves in their autobiographies, they work within and against conventional Western heroics, building characters who enrich and redefine what it means to be heroic.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-264)

Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-09-17T18:37:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Meran Vargens.pdf: 4609396 bytes, checksum: 0e15ef97e9e947abb76ae195d4a14b43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marly Santos (marly@ufba.br) on 2018-09-17T20:42:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Meran Vargens.pdf: 4609396 bytes, checksum: 0e15ef97e9e947abb76ae195d4a14b43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-17T20:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Meran Vargens.pdf: 4609396 bytes, checksum: 0e15ef97e9e947abb76ae195d4a14b43 (MD5) / O sujeito desta pesquisa é o ator e o objeto de estudos é a Expressão Vocal do ator associada ao treinamento técnico e artístico deste componente da linguagem cênica na sua formação profissional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação simultaneamente teórica e prática, desenvolvida com um grupo de trabalho cooperativo composto de doze atores e seis artistas e técnicos. Nela estruturam-se princípios básicos que regem a construção de uma proposta metodológica cujo objetivo é abrir caminhos que conduzam, facilitem e instrumentalizem o ator no alcance da Verdade Vocal na construção da personagem diante de qualquer necessidade artística e estética da obra. A pesquisa deu origem a 3 espetáculos teatrais com construção de dramaturgia original em processo colaborativo compondo o que foi chamado de “Uma Trilogia Baiana: Cidade Real – Cidade Fantástica – Cidade Expressa”. Esta Trilogia estabelece a relação entre teoria e prática da expressão vocal para a formação do ator aplicada a um processo de criação. / The actor is the subject of this research and the object of these studies is an actor’s Vocal Expression associated with the technical and artistic training of this theatrical language component in his professional development. It relates to a research action which is simultaneously theoretical and practical, developed with a cooperative working group comprising twelve actors and six artists and technicians. The basic principles that govern the construction of a methodological proposal are structured in this, with the objective of opening up pathways that lead, facilitate and prepare an actor in reaching Vocal Truth when constructing a character and faced with any artistic and aesthetic necessities of the play. This research was the source for three plays, with construction of an original dramaturgy using a collaborative process in order to write “A Bahian Trilogy: Real City – Fantastic City – Express City”. This trilogy establishes the relationship between the theory and practice of vocal expression for an actor’s development, applied to a creation process.

Esta tese estrutura-se a partir de experiências com a literatura de Guimarães Rosa no sertão de Minas Gerais e ressalta aspectos do retorno da sua obra a determinadas localidades, constituindo o que definimos como Território Literário. Alguns aspectos contribuíram nesse processo: representação do real na obra; recepção da obra geradora de ações em torno da leitura; adaptações da obra em outras linguagens. O processo criativo do escritor e suas estratégias para observar a realidade e torná-la matéria-prima da sua criação são observados a partir de registros localizados em seu arquivo no Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros/USP-SP . Na perspectiva de observar o percurso da obra pelo sertão, são abordados projetos artísticos e pesquisas que mostram a obra como mobilizadora de vivências no sertão real. Destaca-se a expedição Os Loucos por Rosa (1995) como o início de um projeto coletivo em Cordisburgo, Morro da Garça e Andrequicé/Três Marias, cidades de referência na vida e obra do escritor e a partir dela as iniciativas que se firmaram nesses locais: semana culturais; narração de textos literários de cor; o bordado; pintura. As adaptações do texto para a narração oral são apresentadas pelos projetos Contadores de Estórias Miguilim e Caminhos do Sertão, ambos desenvolvidos em Cordisburgo. Na recriação da obra em imagem estão destacados os projetos artísticos: na pintura, o trabalho do artista plástico José Murilo; no bordado, experiências coletivas nas cidades, mostrando técnicas e métodos utilizados. Nessa perspectiva, a proposição de Território Literário firma-se nos caminhos da obra entre espaço, sons, imagem e várias outras ações literárias, que resultaram na valorização da cultura local e na relação estabelecida pelas comunidades com seu Território, revitalizado a partir da literatura. / This thesis is based on experiences with the literature of Guimarães Rosa in the hinterland of Minas Gerais and emphasizes aspects of the return of his work to certain localities, constituting what we define as Literary Territory. Some elements contributed to this process: representation of the real in the work; Reception of the work generating actions around reading; Creations in other languages. The creative process of the writer and his strategies for observing reality and making it the raw material of his creation are observed from records located in his archive at Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros / USP-SP. To observe the course of the work in the backlands, artistic projects and researches are presented; those show the work as a mobilizer of experiences in the reality of the backlands. It is worth mentioning the expedition The Fools by Rosa (1995) as the beginning of a collective project in Cordisburgo, Morro da Garça and Andrequicé / Três Marias, (cities of reference of life and work of the writer)and as what started the initiatives that were established in these Places: cultural week; Narration of literary texts of color; The embroidery and others. The adaptations of text to oral narration are presented by the projects Contadores de Histórias Miguilim and Caminhos do Sertão, both developed in Cordisburgo. In the recreation of his work in image are highlighted a few artistic projects: in painting, the work of plastic artist José Murilo; In embroidery, collective experiences in the cities, showing techniques and methods used. Some artistic projects that recreate his work in imagery are highlighted, such as: work of plastic artist José Murilo in painting; collective experiences in the cities, showing techniques and methods used in embroidery. In this perspective, the Literary Territory proposition is based on the paths of the work between space, sounds, image and several other literary actions, which resulted in the valorization of the local culture and in the relationship established by the communities with their Territory, revitalized because of the literature.

In order to establish a working understanding of borders, the critical conversation must be conscious of how the border is being used politically, theoretically, and socially. This thesis focuses on the border as forcibly ensuring the performance of identity as individuals, within the context of borderlands, become embodiments of the border, and their performance of identity is created by the influence of external borders that become internalized. The internalized border can be read both as infection, a problematic divide needing to be removed, as well as an opportunity for bridging, crossing that divide. I bring together Charles Bowden (Blue Desert), Monique Mojica (Princess Pocahontas and the Blue Spots), Leslie Marmon Silko (Ceremony, Almanac of the Dead), and Guillermo Verdecchia (Fronteras Americanas) in order to develop a comprehensive analysis of the border and border identity development. In these texts, individuals are forced to negotiate their sense of self according to pre-existing cultural and social expectations on either side of the border, performing identity according to how they want to be socially perceived. The result can often be read as a fragmentation of identity, a discrepancy between how the individual feels and how they are read. I examine how identity performance occurs within the context of the border, brought on by violence and exemplified through the division between the spirit world and the material world, the manipulation of costuming and uniforms, and the body. / Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Award).

O espaço pampiano é ponto de partida para uma investigação que pretenda trabalhar com questões identitárias no Rio Grande do Sul e no Prata. Sendo assim, o presente estudo recorre a outros, preocupados com o desenvolvimento do topo pampa na história da literatura sul-rio-grandense e rio-pratense e com tópicos concernentes à formação histórica das fronteiras pampianas. Com isso, visa traçar um breve panorama diacrônico, ficcional e crítico, que permita situar a contística dos quatro autores integrantes do presente corpus: os uruguaios Eliseo Salvador Porta e Juan Capagorry, e os brasileiros Sergio Faraco e Aldyr Garcia Schlee, na contemporaneidade do processo de construção identitária humana e espacial, com suas respectivas forças orientadoras. Serão procedidas as leituras individuais dos contistas selecionados a fim de que, na sequência, possam ser cruzadas em suas aproximações e divergências, no que se refere à representação do homem e do espaço pampiano, às relações estabelecidas entre ambos e, ainda, em que medida tais propostas dialogam com a tradição. / The Pampas is the starting point for any investigation which aims at working on issues related to identity in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, in the south of Brazil, and in the Prata region. Therefore, this study reviews others that are also concerned with the development of the theme pampa in the history of the literature in the south of RS and in the Prata region and with other issues related to the historical formation of the borders in the Pampas. It aims at outlining a diachronic, fictional and critical view which can place four storytellers – the Uruguayan Eliseo Salvador Porta and Juan Capagorry and the Brazilian Sergio Faraco and Aldyr Garcia Schlee – in the contemporaneity of the process of human and spatial identity construction, with their respective guiding forces. Their tales were read individually so that, afterwards, approximations and divergences regarding the representation of men and the Pampas, the relations between both and the connections between these proposals and tradition could be found among the authors.

O espaço pampiano é ponto de partida para uma investigação que pretenda trabalhar com questões identitárias no Rio Grande do Sul e no Prata. Sendo assim, o presente estudo recorre a outros, preocupados com o desenvolvimento do topo pampa na história da literatura sul-rio-grandense e rio-pratense e com tópicos concernentes à formação histórica das fronteiras pampianas. Com isso, visa traçar um breve panorama diacrônico, ficcional e crítico, que permita situar a contística dos quatro autores integrantes do presente corpus: os uruguaios Eliseo Salvador Porta e Juan Capagorry, e os brasileiros Sergio Faraco e Aldyr Garcia Schlee, na contemporaneidade do processo de construção identitária humana e espacial, com suas respectivas forças orientadoras. Serão procedidas as leituras individuais dos contistas selecionados a fim de que, na sequência, possam ser cruzadas em suas aproximações e divergências, no que se refere à representação do homem e do espaço pampiano, às relações estabelecidas entre ambos e, ainda, em que medida tais propostas dialogam com a tradição. / The Pampas is the starting point for any investigation which aims at working on issues related to identity in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, in the south of Brazil, and in the Prata region. Therefore, this study reviews others that are also concerned with the development of the theme pampa in the history of the literature in the south of RS and in the Prata region and with other issues related to the historical formation of the borders in the Pampas. It aims at outlining a diachronic, fictional and critical view which can place four storytellers – the Uruguayan Eliseo Salvador Porta and Juan Capagorry and the Brazilian Sergio Faraco and Aldyr Garcia Schlee – in the contemporaneity of the process of human and spatial identity construction, with their respective guiding forces. Their tales were read individually so that, afterwards, approximations and divergences regarding the representation of men and the Pampas, the relations between both and the connections between these proposals and tradition could be found among the authors.

Esta tese estrutura-se a partir de experiências com a literatura de Guimarães Rosa no sertão de Minas Gerais e ressalta aspectos do retorno da sua obra a determinadas localidades, constituindo o que definimos como Território Literário. Alguns aspectos contribuíram nesse processo: representação do real na obra; recepção da obra geradora de ações em torno da leitura; adaptações da obra em outras linguagens. O processo criativo do escritor e suas estratégias para observar a realidade e torná-la matéria-prima da sua criação são observados a partir de registros localizados em seu arquivo no Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros/USP-SP . Na perspectiva de observar o percurso da obra pelo sertão, são abordados projetos artísticos e pesquisas que mostram a obra como mobilizadora de vivências no sertão real. Destaca-se a expedição Os Loucos por Rosa (1995) como o início de um projeto coletivo em Cordisburgo, Morro da Garça e Andrequicé/Três Marias, cidades de referência na vida e obra do escritor e a partir dela as iniciativas que se firmaram nesses locais: semana culturais; narração de textos literários de cor; o bordado; pintura. As adaptações do texto para a narração oral são apresentadas pelos projetos Contadores de Estórias Miguilim e Caminhos do Sertão, ambos desenvolvidos em Cordisburgo. Na recriação da obra em imagem estão destacados os projetos artísticos: na pintura, o trabalho do artista plástico José Murilo; no bordado, experiências coletivas nas cidades, mostrando técnicas e métodos utilizados. Nessa perspectiva, a proposição de Território Literário firma-se nos caminhos da obra entre espaço, sons, imagem e várias outras ações literárias, que resultaram na valorização da cultura local e na relação estabelecida pelas comunidades com seu Território, revitalizado a partir da literatura. / This thesis is based on experiences with the literature of Guimarães Rosa in the hinterland of Minas Gerais and emphasizes aspects of the return of his work to certain localities, constituting what we define as Literary Territory. Some elements contributed to this process: representation of the real in the work; Reception of the work generating actions around reading; Creations in other languages. The creative process of the writer and his strategies for observing reality and making it the raw material of his creation are observed from records located in his archive at Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros / USP-SP. To observe the course of the work in the backlands, artistic projects and researches are presented; those show the work as a mobilizer of experiences in the reality of the backlands. It is worth mentioning the expedition The Fools by Rosa (1995) as the beginning of a collective project in Cordisburgo, Morro da Garça and Andrequicé / Três Marias, (cities of reference of life and work of the writer)and as what started the initiatives that were established in these Places: cultural week; Narration of literary texts of color; The embroidery and others. The adaptations of text to oral narration are presented by the projects Contadores de Histórias Miguilim and Caminhos do Sertão, both developed in Cordisburgo. In the recreation of his work in image are highlighted a few artistic projects: in painting, the work of plastic artist José Murilo; In embroidery, collective experiences in the cities, showing techniques and methods used. Some artistic projects that recreate his work in imagery are highlighted, such as: work of plastic artist José Murilo in painting; collective experiences in the cities, showing techniques and methods used in embroidery. In this perspective, the Literary Territory proposition is based on the paths of the work between space, sounds, image and several other literary actions, which resulted in the valorization of the local culture and in the relationship established by the communities with their Territory, revitalized because of the literature.