Bakgrund: Bruk av narkotika bland ungdomar har ökat i Sverige de senaste tio åren. Cannabisbruk som är den vanligaste drogen bland ungdomar har visat sig att i tidig ålder kan ge upphov till psykisk störning och sjukdom. Skolsköterskans förebyggande arbete är en del i arbetet för att skapa en drogfri skola. Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskors upplevelse av narkotikaförebyggande arbetet inomskolan. Metod: Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats och bygger på intervjuer med sex skolsköterskor som analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudkategorier och tio underkategorier. Kategorierna beskriver att skolsköterskorna identifierar elever som brukar narkotika, skapar relation medelever, stärka elevernas skyddsfaktorer och arbetar systematiskt och i samverkan. Tema som framkom var strategier som synliggör och möjliggör arbetet mot narkotika. Slutsats: Skolsköterskan arbetar utifrån det salutogena perspektivet och använder metodersom motiverande samtal med elever i förebyggande arbete mot narkotika. Studien visar att skolsköterskan ser eleven ur ett helhetsperspektiv som en del i ett större sammanhang. Samarbete och en god relation med övriga professioner samt vårdnadshavare är av stor vikt för ett framgångsrikt förebyggande arbete mot narkotika samt ett bättre skolresultat. / Background: The use of narcotics, mainly cannabis, has increased among youngsters in Sweden during the last 10 years. The use of cannabis can lead to mental issues and even disease. The school nurse plays a pivotal role in the work against drugs abuse. Purpose: To highlight the School Nurses' experience of working against abuse amon ghigh school students. Method: This study is a qualitative study with an inductive approach through interviews with six school nurses, the interviews were analyzed according to qualitative content analyses. Result: The result was four main categories and ten subcategories. The categories show that the School Nurses identify students who use drugs, create relations with them, strengthen their outer protection and work systematically and in cooperation with other caretakers. Themes that emerged were strategies that highlight and enable the work against drugs. Conclusion: The School Nurses work with a salutogenic perspective and use appropriate methods as motivational conversations with students in preventive work against drugs. The study shows that the School Nurse sees the student from a holistic perspective as part of alarger context. Collaboration and good relationships with other professions and custodians are of great importance for successful prevention of drugs and better school result.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how professional conditions relate to the work with students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties in school. Furthermore, the authors of this essay wish to provide insight of which possibilities and limitations professionals experience in their joint work with students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties. The empirical material for the essay draws upon a qualitative method in the form of semi structured interviews with professionals who are in daily contact with students with neuropsychiatric difficulties. The empirical material has been analyzed with the help of previous related research together with the concepts of collaboration theory and acting according to Lipsky´s theory of street-level bureaucracy. The results show that the professionals ability to act in cases of students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties is affected by various forms of collaboration. The essay also suggests there are no considerable differences in task-design and in supporting a student with neuropsychiatric diagnosis compared to a student who only display similar symptoms and behavior. However, an established diagnosis might be favorable and can facilitate better conditions to act in situations concerning students with neuropsychiatric difficulties.

Bakgrund: Fysisk inaktivitet och mental ohälsa ökar bland barn och ungdomar i Sverige. Forskning visar att beteenden som barn har ofta fortsätter i vuxen ålder, och att fysisk aktivitet är positivt för både hälsan och studieresultat. Trots detta finns det nästan inga fysioterapeuter i den svenska skolan. Av denna anledning intervjuades de som arbetar i elevhälsoteamet.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur de professioner som ingår i elevhälsoteam på kommunala grundskolor tänker kring behov av och möjligheter för att inkludera fysioterapeut i elevhälsoteamet. Metod: Kvalitativ design, gjord med intervjuer och analyserad med induktiv ansatts. Urvalet var åtta personer som representerade fyra av de professioner som arbetar inom elevhälsoteamet.   Resultat: Fyra kategorier och tio underkategorier utformades. Kategorierna var: Kunskap om fysioterapi, Elevhälsoteamets uppdrag, behov av kompetens och Styrande faktorer. Dessa kategorier talar om informanternas förkunskap om fysioterapeuter, vad elevhälsoteamet gör idag, vad de ser för kompetensbehov och vad som styr ifall fysioterapeuter skall komma in i skolan.   Slutsatser: Informanterna såg positivt på att ta in fysioterapeuter i skolan. Hinder identifierades i form av ekonomi och lagstadgad styrning. Det finns ett behov av att marknadsföra vad fysioterapeuter kan göra för skolan till de som tar beslut kring elevhälsoteamet. / Background: Physical inactivity and mental illness is growing among children and youths in Sweden. Research shows that the behaviours that children have often continue in adulthood, and that physical activity is good for both general health and academic results. Despite this, there are almost no physiotherapists in Swedish schools. Because of this those who work in the student health team were interviewed.   Aim: The aim of this study is to survey what professions that are included in the student health teams in municipality schools think about the need of and possibilities for physiotherapists to be included in the student health team.   Method: Qualitive design conducted with interviews and analysed with inductive approach. The included participants were eight persons who represented four of the professions that work within the student health team.   Result: Four categories and ten subcategories were formed. the categories were: knowledge of physical therapy, the student health teams mission, need for competence and controlling factors. These categories convey the informant’s knowledge about physiotherapists, what the student health team does today, their need for additional competence and what determines whether physiotherapists can work within schools.   Conclusion: The informants were positive towards possibly having physiotherapists in schools. Hurtles were identified as economic and law. There is a need for physiotherapists to market what they can contribute to the school to those in power over the student health team.

The purpose of the study was partly to investigate the experiences of school counselors the factors that may be behind young people's stress (16-25 years) and partly to explore school counselors' perceptions of what tools are needed to reduce young people's stress. All school counselors participated in the study working at the student health care in Sweden. The study is based on twelve qualitative interviews with school counselors in Sweden. The theoretical frameworks used are tacit knowledge, work alliance, role theory and professional theory. The results showed that many different factors contributed to young people's stress, for example too little sleep, inactivity and large examinations. It became clear that the school counselors had similar opinions about what was behind young people's stress. Furthermore, it became clear that school counselors use different tools to reduce young people's stress. These tools consisted of getting students to think positively, to have a balance between leisure time, school and work, and to have time for recovery.

Bakgrund: Riksföreningen för skolsköterskor och Svensk sjuksköterskeförening beskriver skolsköterskors yrkesspecifika kompetens i termer av sex kärnkompetenser: Personcentrerad vård, Samverkan i team, Evidensbaserad vård, Förbättringskunskap för kvalitetsutveckling, Säker vård samt Informatik. Specialistutbildningen till skolsköterska leder till en magisterexamen i omvårdnad men omvårdnad – som kompetens- och verksamhetsområde – nämns inte i Skollagens beskrivning av elevhälsans utformning. Nationella riktlinjer för skolsköterskors arbete saknas, inom flera områden, p.ga. brist på forskningsstöd. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka förväntningar från arbetsgivare som beskrivs i platsannonser för anställningar av skolsköterskor gällande 1) Vilka arbetsuppgifter skolsköterskor ska utföra samt 2) Vilka förhållningssätt och förmågor skolsköterskor ska uppvisa. Metod: En kvantitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats genomfördes på 105 platsannonser för anställningar av skolsköterskor inom kommunala skolor (45) friskolor (25) och bemanningsföretag (35). Resultat: Resultatet visar att arbetsgivare främst förväntar sig att skolsköterskor ska ingå i elevhälsovårdsteamet, arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande, genomföra vaccinationer, arbeta i datajournaler och IT-system samt genomföra hälsobesök. Engagemang i arbetet är det förhållningssätt som oftast efterfrågas. Vidare förväntas att skolsköterskor ska vara självständiga i yrkesutövningen, ha samarbetsförmåga samt kunna skapa goda relationer. Konklusion: Inga platsannonser beskrev några förväntningar från arbetsgivare på att skolsköterskor ska arbeta med omvårdnad. / Background: Professional competence in school nursing is defined in terms of six areas of expertise: Person-centered care, working in interdisciplinary teams, employing evidence-based practice, practicing safe care, applying quality improvement and utilizing informatics. School nurses hold a master´s degree in nursing science, but nursing science – as a professional area of expertise – is not mentioned in the Swedish Education Act. National guidelines for the work of school nurses are not available due to lack of research. Aim: To investigate what expectations are expressed by employers in job advertisements for the recruitment of school nurses regarding (1) what tasks school nurses should perform and (2) what attitudes and abilities school nurses should demonstrate. Method: A content analysis was conducted, guided by an inductive approach, on 105 job advertisements for vacant school nurse positions in municipal schools (45) independent schools (25) and staffing companies (35). Results: Results showed that employers expect school nurses to participate in the student health care team, work with health promotion, disease prevention, vaccinations, medical records, IT-systems and health examinations. Employers expect school nurses to be committed, independent, cooperative and to be able to establish good relationships. Conclusion: No employers expected school nurses to work with care or nursing.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Förekomsten av övervikt och fetma hos barn och unga är hög och fortsätter att öka. Övervikt eller fetma kan ge negativa konsekvenser på både fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Tidig upptäckt är viktig för att förebygga sjukdom och främja hälsa. Skolsköterskan kan i sitt hälsofrämjande arbete stötta och motivera barn och unga till hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Syfte: Att belysa skolsköterskans arbete med elever i grundskolan som har övervikt eller fetma. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats valdes. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med skolsköterskor och data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Möjlighet att påverka till förändring, Skolsköterskans stöd i arbetet, Hindrande påverkan och Samverkan som underlättar. Till sist framträdde ett övergripande tema: Ett komplext arbete att utföra. Konklusion: Skolsköterskor upplever arbetet med övervikt och fetma som komplext och utmanande på flera sätt. Möjligheten att arbeta hälsofrämjande påverkas av vilka förutsättningar skolsköterskan har på arbetsplatsen, skolsköterskans egen kompetens, samverkan med vårdnadshavare och av stigmatisering i samhället. Arbetet syftar till att främja elevers hälsa och vara ett stöd mot en hälsosam livsstil. Utmaningar i arbetet kan handla om att ges utrymme i tjänsteutövningen för att kunna fokusera på arbetet med övervikt och fetma. / Background: The presence of overweight and obesity in children and young people is high and continues to increase. Overweight or obesity can have negative consequences on both physical and mental health. Early finding is important to prevent disease and promote health. In her health promotion work, the school nurse can support and motivate children and young people to adopt healthy lifestyles.  Aim: The purpose of the study was to the shed light on the school nurse's work with students in elementary school who have overweight or obesity. Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach was chosen. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with school nurses and data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories: Opportunity to influence change, The school nurse's support in the work, Obstructive influence, Collaboration that facilitates. In the end, an overarching theme emerged: A complex work to do.  Conclusion: School nurses experience the work with overweight and obesity as complex and challenging in several ways. The possibility to work with health promotion is affected by the conditions the school nurse has in the workplace, the school nurse's own competence, cooperation with caregiver and stigmatization in society. The work aims to promote students' health and be a support towards a healthy lifestyle. Challenges at work can be about being given space in the performance of the duties in order to be able to focus on overweight and obesity.

Mental health in Sweden is on the decline, with young people reporting the poorest outcomes. Reports show how schools fail in their preventive work when dealing with mental illness and that the burden of responsibility falls mainly on teachers who are forced to take initiative and thus are behind the few efforts that are made. The purpose of the study is to contribute with increased knowledge about how teachers are affected by their students’ struggle with mental health. Using an activity-pedagogical and social-cognitive theoretical approach and with qualitative content analysis, the results of five qualitative interviews with Swedish secondary school teachers are examined. The results of this study find that teachers are reporting a decline in mental health in their students and that they feel the weight of responsibility in dealing with this very complex issue. The results show that teachers tend to seek help and support via their teacher colleagues rather than the mental health professionals in the student health team. The interviews also showed that teachers in a lot of cases can tell early on when their students are experiencing symptoms of mental illness and in doing so take it upon themselves to adapt their planning and teaching to facilitate the student’s learning. Mental illness is however not considered when grading. Teachers are missing the resources to support students in mental illness and the burden of responsibility needs to be shared with professionals who are trained in and equipped with dealing with mental health.

In the beginning of 2020, the world was first introduced to the Covid-19 virus. The virus spread from China to all over the globe, causing a global pandemic. Different countries and governments had different strategies in order to stop the spread of the virus. Some countries had a more aggressive strategy with the use of shutdowns and quarantines, and other countries were less aggressive and tried to not make any drastic decisions that would have negative effects on parts of the society. The school during the pandemic went to face many difficult challenges. In most parts of the world schools switched to remote learning on distance. The purpose of this study is to find out how the schools and students were affected by this sudden change in education. To answers this question this study is going to map out and compare how Sweden and Australia acted during the pandemic, and then look over how students’ health, study habits and student achievements were affected by these actions. The method used to find answers to these questions was to use previous studies, research, and publications, In a so called a comparing case-study. The results have shown that the pandemic and remote learning has had negative impact on students learning, health and motivation. Despite the difference in actions between Sweden and Australia there seems to be no obvious difference in how students and school were affected in respective country.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how school counselors describe their work with youths mental illness and how they experience the collaboration of the work with other professions. The study presented three main questions and was based on a qualitative approach. Six semi-structured interviews were held with school counselors to answer the three main questions. The collected material from the interviews was then analyzed through a qualitative content analysis and then interpreted using the concepts of collaboration and empowerment. The results showed that all respondents had a common view that mental illness among young people has increased. School-related pressure, social media, the Covid-19 pandemic and different forms of disabilities are described by the respondents as factors that can lead to mental illness in individual students. The respondents described that many students need help through individual counseling, however, there was a desire among the respondents to work more preventively and health-promoting at group level. The result also showed a broad picture of collaboration as the school counselors described themselves as having a large number of contacts with students and parents as well as professional groups such as teachers, social workers and police. Student-health and collaboration with teachers were highlighted as important parts of collaboration in reference to young people's mental health. The study's conclusion results in the school counselor having an important role for young people with mental illness, both by being the one who intercepts and supports but also by cooperating with other professions.