Este survey interseccional teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de experiências anômalas extra-sensório-motoras (ou experiências psi) comparando características demográficas, práticas, crenças, religiosidade e níveis de bemestar subjetivo (BES) de experienciadores (EXPs) e não experienciadores (NEXPs) de psi. Para a coleta de dados, foi elaborado e aplicado o Questionário de Prevalência e Relevância de Psi (Q-PRP) com 35 itens, juntamente com a Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES) (Albuquerque e Tróccoli, 2004). Dos 306 respondentes (idades de 18 a 66 anos) que participaram da pesquisa, 82,7% alegaram ter vivenciado pelo menos uma experiência anômala extra-sensóriomotora. Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre EXPs e NEXPs em termos de gênero, renda, estado civil, religião e religiosidade. No entanto, verificou-se que EXPs crêem significantemente mais em percepção extra-sensorial, psicocinesia, reencarnação, vida após a morte e práticas alternativas. EXPs indicaram que suas experiências psi afetaram suas atitudes, crenças e tomadas de decisão. Tal influência está significativamente relacionada à atribuição de causalidade feita para as experiências psi vivenciadas. As atribuições de causalidade são coerentes com a crença, adesão ou postura religiosa dos EXPs. Quanto aos níveis de BES, os EXPs pontuaram mais no fator afetos negativos, o que sugere que EXPs têm um nível de BES mais baixo que os NEXPs. Os dados foram discutidos em detalhes enfatizando-se a complexidade de suas associações e correlações. Os resultados não são conclusivos, mas apontam tendências que deverão ser exploradas de forma mais aprofundada em próximos estudos. / The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to verify the prevalence of anomalous extrasensorimotor experiences (or psi experiences) and compare psi experiencers (EXPs) and non experiencers (NEXPs) in terms of demographic variables, beliefs, alternative practices and subjective wellbeing (SWB) levels. In order to collect data, it was used the 35-item Questionário de Prevalência e Relevância de Psi (QPRP) elaborated for this research, and the Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES) (Albuquerque e Trócoli, 2004). From the 306 respondents (age from 18 to 66), 82,7% claimed at least one psi experience. No significant differences between EXPs and NEXPs were found in terms of sex, income, marital status, religion and religiosity. However, EXPs believe significantly more in extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, reincarnation, survival after death, and alternative practices. EXPs indicated that psi experiences have affected their attitudes, beliefs and decisions. Such influence is significantly related to the attribution of causality they make to their own psi experiences. Attributions of causality were coherent to EXPs s beliefs. As to SWB, EXPs tend to punctuate higher in terms of negative affects than NEXPs, what suggests that EXPs have a lower level of SWB than NEXPs. Data were discussed in detail emphasizing the complexity of associations and correlations among them. Results are not conclusive, but point to tendencies which must be explored more profoundly in next studies.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-07-31T12:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Cacozzi.pdf: 637267 bytes, checksum: 62c74df1a9b081fcb5148f6cfcd76f38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T12:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Cacozzi.pdf: 637267 bytes, checksum: 62c74df1a9b081fcb5148f6cfcd76f38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to analyze a clinical condition of individuals with depressive disorder in the general population through subjective well-being. It was also sought to verify if the individuals who are in drug treatment have better subjective well-being. METHODS: A household survey was conducted with probabilistic sample (N = 3744) in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro between 2007 and 2008. The 'Composite International Diagnostic Interview' (CIDI) and 'Subjetive Well-Being Inventory' were used to obtain a diagnosis of depressive disorder and subjective well-being assessment. The 70 percentile of the worst subjective well-being> 4 (0 to 12) was established as the cut off point. To assess the association between subjective well-being, depressive disorder, other psychiatric diagnoses, and use of medication, poisson regression analyzes were performed by controlling the effect of socio-demographic variables and family history of mental illness. RESULTS: The percentages of depressive disorder and worse subjective well-being in the general population was 11% and 30%. Individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder had the worst subjective well-being when compared as those without diagnosis or with other psychiatric diagnoses. The use of antidepressant medication among individuals with depression was low (4%) and the use of this medication did not influence subjective well-being. CONCLUSION: The unfavorable clinical condition resulting from non-treatment or exclusively drug treatment deserves concern due to the overload of depressive disorder in the life of individuals and society. The care policy, besides being focused on expanding the service offer, should guarantee multidisciplinary care, since the exclusive medical treatment does not guarantee the recovery of the individual. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a condição clínica de indivíduos com transtorno depressivo na população geral, através do bem-estar subjetivo. Buscou-se também verificar se os indivíduos que estavam em tratamento medicamentoso possuíam melhor bem-estar subjetivo. MÉTODOS: Um inquérito domiciliar foi realizado com amostra probabilística (N=3744) nas cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, entre 2007 e 2008. Os instrumentos ¿Composite International Diagnostic Interview¿ (CIDI) e ¿Subjective Well-Being Inventory¿ (SUBI) foram utilizados para obter diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo e de avaliação do bem-estar subjetivo, respectivamente. Estabeleceu-se como ponto de corte o percentil 70 de pior bem-estar subjetivo >4 (0 a 12). Para estimar associação entre bem-estar subjetivo, transtorno depressivo, outros diagnósticos psiquiátricos e uso de medicação foram realizadas análises de regressão de poisson controlando-se o efeito das variáveis sócio demográficas e do histórico familiar de doença mental. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de transtorno depressivo e de pior bem-estar subjetivo na população geral foram de 11% e 30%. Os indivíduos diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo apresentaram o pior bem-estar subjetivo quando comparados como os sem diagnóstico ou com outros diagnósticos psiquiátricos. O uso de medicamento antidepressivo entre os indivíduos com depressão foi baixo (4%) e o uso deste medicamento não influenciou o bem-estar subjetivo. CONCLUSÃO: A condição clínica desfavorável, decorrente do não tratamento ou de tratamento exclusivamente medicamentoso, merece preocupação, devido à sobrecarga do transtorno depressivo na vida dos indivíduos e da sociedade. A política de assistência, além de estar voltada para ampliação da oferta de serviços, deve garantir atendimento multidisciplinar, uma vez que o tratamento medicamentoso exclusivo não garante a recuperação do indivíduo.

Worldwide, 450 million people are estimated to have a mental health problem. Therefore this study set out with the aim to fill the gap in research on how to raise happiness and subjective well-being amongst adolescents. The sample of the study consisted of 90 students ranging from 16 - 19 years of age. They were randomly assigned to one of two methods; BPS (Best Personal Self) or nostalgia. Each group was then given varying instructions on a task they would perform on a daily basis, with tests taken on the first and last day of the study. The tests consisted of questions from the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) and the SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale), which would determine the different methods short- and long-term effect on the participants happiness and subjective well-being. A control group was used to compare the results of the test groups. The results indicated nostalgia as being the most effective way to raise short-term well-being amongst adolescents, which raised interesting questions for future studies.

In this research four models derived from Terror Management Theory (TMT) were tested by using structural equation modeling.. These models were developed for testing different theoretical alternatives in relation to psychological mechanisms explaining the subjective well-being as an outcome of fear of death. The first two models were based on the original Terror Management Theory. The first supposed that death anxiety as a catalyst motivates individuals in two defenses: developing culturally committed personalities by validation of cultural worldview and thus enhancing self-esteem. The second indicated that every individual had two options in the face of death: enhancing their self-esteem or committing to cultural worldview, in turn, improves the well-being of the individual. The last two models were identified by taking attachment as an alternative variable. In the third model, attachment styles of the individuals were presented as a third defense mechanism in addition to self-esteem and cultural worldview in TMT. They were assumed as mediator variables in the model between fear of death and subjective well-being. The last model treated attachment as a mediator between fear of death and distal defenses of self-esteem and cultural worldview. The results indicated that only the last model was entirely supported.. The lack of support for the first two models might be an indicator of the invalidity of the model in cultures that are not individualistic. For the last two models, the results suggested that attachment was crucial in understanding the relationship between fear of death and subjective well-being from a TMT perspective.

面對多變的時代，如何邁向未來，正向心理學所提及的心理特質，可以幫助大學生達到身、心、靈的安適。本研究旨在探討大學生在邁向未來人生中，其「用心」、「心理資本」與「心理健康」之關係。其研究目的之一：瞭解「用心」與「心理資本」能否影響不同類型的「心理健康」狀態。其研究目的之二：探討「用心」、「心理資本」、「主觀幸福感」及「憂鬱」之關係。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以大專院校學生共1,540位為對象，採用「用心評估量表」、「心理資本量表」、「主觀幸福感量表」、「臺灣憂鬱症量表」及「社會期許量表」為工具。經描述統計分析、獨立樣本t 考驗、多變量變異數分析、區別分析、結構方程式模型，得出研究結果如下： 1.大學生在用心的得分上，以「新奇產生」因素得分最高；在心理資本的得分上，以「希望」因素得分最高；在心理健康狀態的人數分布上，「大眾型」共425人，占27.6%。 2.不同性別受試在「用心」與「心理資本」有顯著差異。男性大學生在「新奇產生」與「變通性」的得分顯著高於女性大學生。女性大學生在「復原力」與「樂觀」的得分顯著高於男性大學生。 3.不同年級受試在「心理資本」有顯著差異。大一學生在「希望」的得分顯著高於大四學生。 4.不同主修領域在「用心」有顯著差異。理工醫農學群的大學生在「新奇產生」上的得分顯著高於社會科學學群的大學生。 5.「擔任志工的時間越長」與「擔任社團領導者或班級幹部」的大學生在「用心」、「心理資本」及「心理健康」上的得分顯著高於「擔任志工的時間較短」與「未擔任社團領導者或班級幹部」的大學生。 6.「幽谷型」的學生在自我效能、希望、復原力、樂觀、自我反省、體驗情緒、包容自我、新奇追求、參與、及新奇產生的得分上，顯著低於「顛峰型」的學生。 7.心理資本與主觀幸福感扮演用心對憂鬱完全中介的角色。 本研究根據資料分析結果進行討論，並對高等教育與未來研究提出建議。 / Facing a changeful time how to head for the future, the related psychological characteristic of Positive Psychology can help college students to reach the comfort in their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among mindfulness, psychological capital, and mental health of college students. The first goal of this study was to understand whether mindfulness and psychological capital can effect the different types of college students’ mental health status or not. The second objective of this study was to explore the relationships among mindfulness, psychological capital, subjective well-being, and depression. This study adopts a survey, comprising “Mindfulness assessment scale”, “Psychological capital scale”, “Subjective well-being scale”, “Taiwan Depression scale”, and “Social desirability Scale” of five questionnaire scales. Participants were 1,540 colleges’ students in Taiwan. The collected data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, MANOVA, discriminant analysis, and structural equation modeling. And the findings are summarized as follows: 1.“Novelty producing” factor was the highest score on “mindfulness”; while “hope” factor gets the highest score on “psychological capital” ; and “popular type” has 425 persons, occupies 27.6% on “mental health status” distribution. 2.“Different genders” of the testing have significant differences on “mindfulness” and “psychological capital”. For male college students, their testing scores on “novelty producing” and “flexibility” categories are higher than female students’; on the other hand, female students’ scores were higher than females’ on “resilience”and “optimistic” categories. 3.“Different grades” of the testing have significant differences on “psychological capital”; however freshman students’ scores were higher than senior students’ on “hope” category. 4.“Different major fields” have significant differences on “mindfulness”; however students majoring in science, medical and agriculture fields were higher than other students’ on “novelty producing” category. 5.Students as volunteers, club or class leaders get higher scores on “mindfulness”, “psychological capital”, and “mental health “. 6.“Languishing type” students score much lower than “flourishing type” students on self-efficiency, hope, resilience optimism, soul searching, experience emotional, self tolerance, novelty seeking, engagement, novelty producing, and flexibility. 7.“Psychological capital” and “subjective well-being ” play full mediator role for “mindfulness “to “depression”. This research mainly focuses on the data analyses and discussion, and finally provides suggestions for higher education and future research.

The broad objective of this thesis is to study the patterns of objective and subjective well-being among the immigrants in Europe. The main part of the thesis consists of three single-authored empirical chapters. The first chapter analyzes the longitudinal patterns of relative poverty among the foreign-born in Sweden. The second chapter examines the mechanisms of occupational attainment, occupational mobility and long-term occupational cost of migration among Senegalese immigrants in France, Spain and Italy. The third chapter analyzes life satisfaction and income satisfaction among immigrants in Germany. At the most general level, the results in the empirical chapters suggest that the objective well-being improves with duration of stay at destination, even if very gradually for some immigrant groups, while, on the other hand, there is a ceteris paribus negative relationship between the subjective well-being and duration of stay. A number of other findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the processes associated with the well-being among immigrants. / L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és estudiar les pautes del benestar objectiu i subjectiu dels immigrants a Europa. La part principal de la tesi consisteix en tres capítols empírics d'autoria única. El primer capítol analitza les pautes longitudinals de pobresa relativa entre els nascuts a l’estranger a Suècia. El segon capítol examina els mecanismes d’obtenció d’ocupació, la mobilitat i cost professional a llarg termini de la migració entre els immigrants d’origen senegalès a França, Espanya i Itàlia. El tercer capítol analitza la satisfacció general amb la vida i la satisfacció amb els ingressos entre els immigrants a Alemanya. Els resultats en els capítols empirics suggereixen, a nivell general, que el benestar objectiu millora a mida que creix la durada de l’estada en el lloc de destí, tot i que de manera molt gradual per alguns grups d’immigrants, mentre que, d’altra banda, hi ha una relació ceteris paribus negativa entre el benestar subjectiu i la durada de l’estada. Diversos resultats contribueixen a una comprensió més matisada dels processos associats amb el benestar entre els immigrants.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 811624 bytes, checksum: 0b1cfc3d0a3c4eef86347a576e0bd115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The religiosity in general is still a core to the Brazilian culture, influencing their attitudes and behaviors.Even considering the importance of studying minority groups as important objects of research, the growth of some organizations, such as the "New Life and Alliance Catholic Communities", shows a shift in the religious experience of the contemporary world. Although there are many studies about human values, meaning of life and well-being, there are very few studies about the relationship of these constructs with the members of some religious institutions. The lack of studies in this area shows how significantly important is the research and analysis of this new social group, through the scientific view of what values are prevalent in those who participate of such institutions, and also to give attention to the level of well-being and sense of life of the people who live there. This study aimed to investigate the existential and value correlates of the participants of the New Catholic Communities present in the area of João Pessoa city. To this end, counted with the participation of 147 members of new communities in a convenience sample (not random). The ages of the participants ranged between 18 and 65 years (M = 29.31, DP = 10.89), most of the participants having completed high school (38.8%), most singles (60.5%) and women (63.9%). All were asked to fill the PIL Test scales (Purpose in Life), General Health Questionnaire 12, QVB and Basic Values Questionnaire, as well as the sociodemographic questionnaire. It was observed that the most important values on those organizations are the religiosity and obedience, and that the subfunctions were much more normative and interactive. It was also observed that members of the group "life community" give more importance to the value of obedience, when compared to members of the "alliance community" and that the men give more importance to the subfunction achievement than women. Depression was positively correlated with the subfunction experimentation, the anxiety was positively correlated with the subfunction existence, depression and anxiety where also positively correlated with the existential emptiness. On the other hand, the existential emptiness was negatively correlated with the fact that the member feel important to his community and the condition of having partner of the same community, which represents protection factors of subjective well-being . The results were analyzed in the light of human values and the theoretical perspective of Viktor Frankl. / A religiosidade de forma geral ainda se constitui um núcleo para a cultura brasileira, influenciando em suas atitudes e comportamentos. Mesmo considerando a importância do estudo de grupos minoritários como importantes objetos de pesquisa, o crescimento de algumas organizações, como as Novas Comunidades Católicas de Vida e Aliança , ilustra uma mudança na forma de vivenciar a religiosidade no mundo contemporâneo. Apesar de já existirem muitos estudos sobre a temática dos valores humanos, bem como sentido de vida e bem-estar, muito pouco se encontra sobre a relação desses construtos com membros de instituições religiosas. A ausência de estudos nesta área torna significativamente importante a investigação e análise desse novo grupo social, através da atenção científica sobre quais valores são predominantes naqueles que aderem a tais instituições, bem como dedicar tal atenção ao nível de bem-estar e sentido de vida nos sujeitos ali presentes. Dessa forma o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os correlatos valorativos e existenciais dos participantes das Novas Comunidades Católicas presentes na grande João Pessoa-PB. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 147 integrantes das Novas Comunidades, em uma amostra de conveniência (nãoprobabilística). As idades dos participantes variaram entre 18 e 65 anos (M = 29,31, DP = 10,89), grande parte dos participantes possuindo o ensino médio completo (38,8%); a maioria solteiros (60,5%) e mulheres (63,9%). Todos foram solicitados a responderem às escalas PIL-Test (Purpose in Life), Questionário de Saúde Geral 12, QVB e o Questionário dos Valores Básicos, bem como ao questionário sociodemográfico. Observou-se que os valores mais importantes nessas organizações são religiosidade e obediência, e que foram mais presentes as subfunções normativa e interativa. Foi observado também que os membros do grupo comunidade de Vida dão mais importância ao valor obediência, quando comparados aos membros da "comunidade de aliança", e que os homens dão mais importância a valores da subfunção realização do que as mulheres. A depressão correlacionou-se positivamente com a subfunção experimentação; a ansiedade correlacionou-se positivamente com a subfunção existência; depressão e ansiedade correlacionaram-se, ainda, positivamente com o vazio existencial. Por outro lado, o vazio existencialcorrelacionou-se negativamente com o fato de o membro sentir-se importante para sua comunidade e com a condição de ter parceiro(a) fazendo parte da mesma comunidade, o que representou fatores de proteção do bem-estar subjetivo. Os resultados foram analisados à luz dos valores humanos e da perspectiva teórica de Viktor Frankl.

A presente tese agrupa quatro estudos que objetivam investigar as relações dos recursos pessoais com os índices de bem-estar dos indivíduos. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal, a fim de compreender em profundidade o construto de iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidos três estudos empíricos. O primeiro artigo empírico refere-se ao estudo de adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Escala de Iniciativa ao Crescimento Pessoal – II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale – II, PGI-II). Foi observado que a versão brasileira da PGI-II constitui-se como um instrumento confiável para investigar os índices de disponibilidade para mudança, planejamento, comportamento intencional e uso de recursos, apresentando uma estrutura de quatro fatores de primeira ordem. O segundo artigo empírico avaliou se as relações das dimensões da iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal com os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo eram mediadas pela presença de sentido de vida. Foi observado que a presença de sentido de vida media o impacto das dimensões planejamento e comportamento intencional sobre os níveis de satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos não estiveram relacionadas aos índices de presença de sentido de vida. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos estiveram negativamente associadas aos níveis de bem-estar subjetivo. O terceiro artigo empírico avaliou se as relações entre otimismo, pessimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos eram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Os resultados demonstraram que as relações entre o otimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, afetos positivos e negativos foram parcialmente mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Entretanto, as relações dos índices de pessimismo com estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos não foram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Estudos futuros devem avaliar se as relações dos recursos pessoais com bem-estar subjetivo e estresse são replicáveis a outras amostras. A principal contribuição desta tese foi disponibilizar uma escala para investigar a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal no contexto brasileiro. Além disso, os resultados deste estudo avançam o conhecimento sobre as relações entre os recursos pessoais e as dimensões de bem-estar. / This thesis join up four studies that aims to investigate the relationship of levels of personal resources with well-being of individuals. A literature review on the personal growth initiative was carried out in order to understand in depth the construct of personal growth initiative. Later, three empirical studies were developed. The first empirical paper refers to the study of adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II, PGI-II). It was observed that the Brazilian version of PGI-II was established as a reliable instrument to investigate the levels of readiness for change, planfulness, intentional behavior and using resources, with a four first-order factor structure. The second empirical research evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of the dimensions of personal growth initiative with subjective well-being. It was observed that the presence of meaning in life measured the impact of dimensional planning and intentional behavior on levels of satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were not related to levels of presence of meaning in life. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were negatively associated with levels of subjective well-being. The third empirical research has evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of optimism, pessimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. The results showed that the relationship between optimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, positive affect and negative were partially mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. However, the relations of pessimism with stress, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative were not mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. Future studies should evaluate if the relations of personal resources with subjective well-being and stress are replicable to other samples. The main contribution of this thesis was to provide a scale to investigate the initiative to personal growth in the Brazilian context. In addition, the results of this study advance the understanding of the relationship between personal resources and well-being.

Within the psychological literature two main approaches can be identified as influential factors in the increase of well-being, defined in this thesis as Hedonic (SWB) vs. Eudaimonic Well-Being (PWB). One of the key qualities of the human mind is its ability to think about and act upon the future. The first approach emphasises the role of psychological strengths related to the utilisation of foresight and planning in such a way as to influence the consequences of current actions. The second approach focuses on the function of basic personality traits in the setting of goals and mental functioning. To integrate these approaches, this thesis brings together two lines of research: future-orientation and personality traits. Two longitudinal studies investigate the predictive qualities of future-orientated constructs in relation to personality traits, while also focusing on their contribution to the setting and attainment of goals and the perception of well-being. In the first study two cognitive-motivational scales, Hope and Personal Growth Initiative (PGI), were administered to measure two hundred and sixty four participants’ future-orientation. The first aim of this study was to examine the distinctiveness of these two scales in predicting well-being. Results from factor analyses cast doubt on the uniqueness of Hope and PGI, while regression analyses demonstrate Hope to be the strongest, most significant predictor of PWB and SWB. A further aim of the study was to ascertain if future-orientation could account for additional variance in the prediction of well-being, after the influence of the Eysenck’s Personality traits have been controlled for. It was indicated that individuals’ Hope levels do account for residual variance in PWB and SWB. The last aim of the study was to determine if future-orientation could contribute to long-term goal attainment and well-being. The results indicate that participant’s Hope levels did not significantly contribute to long-term goal attainment, however it had a direct, significant effect on long-term PWB. The second study, utilising 117 participants, replicated prior findings that demonstrate Hope, instead of PGI, to be the strongest, most significant predictor of both PWB and SWB. The study also extents prior research by utilising the Big-Five traits in the prediction of PWB and SWB. Factor analyses results indicate Hope to share an underlying factor structure with Openness and Conscientiousness, while PGI share an underlying factor structure with Agreeableness. It was further indicated that participants’ Hope, but not PGI, accounts for residual variance in the prediction of PWB, after controlling for the Big-Five traits. Conversely, Hope and PGI did not account for any residual variance in the prediction of SWB, instead almost 60% of the variance can be attributed to the Big-Five personality traits. Extending the first study, the aim of the second study was to ascertain attainment through independent verification and not participant self-assessment. The results indicate that participants who demonstrate greater levels of Openness and PGI tend to set higher quantitative goals. Although not predictive of goal attainment, participants with greater Openness showed higher performance on the goals. Overall, the results question the distinctiveness of Hope and PGI in the prediction of well-being. It adds to our knowledge of how psychological strengths such as future-orientation can contribute variance to the prediction of well-being after basic personality traits have been controlled for. Finally the results also add to our understanding of how personality traits, as well as, Hope and PGI independently contribute to the setting of goals.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucia Helena Walendy.pdf: 1041646 bytes, checksum: ccdcbb7fc5aa678977a7aa17e5de4a42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / The goal of this study was to verify the capacity of optimism, social support and work values as being predictors of subjective well-being, as well as to analyze the relations of the demographic variables with this study s variables, describe them and examine the relations between them. The sample consisted of 47 men and 101 women with average age of 41 years (SD = 10,72) who sought for help in an institution for their professional transition. The gathering data instrument was an auto fill questionnaire composed by five measures included in the study: optimism, perception of social support, work values, general satisfaction with life and positive and negative affects, as well as demographic variable: sex, age, studies, volunteering, work, marital status and time at the institution. Descriptive statistic analyses were done, differences between averages, correlations and variable analyses were tested and models of linear regressions were calculated. The relations among study variables and demographic variables revealed that people who do not study notice to have more practical support (tangible and appraisal supports) and give more importance to motivations of auto-promotion and prestige than the ones who study. The youngest aging up to 30 report that they notice having more emotional and practical support (tangible and appraisal supports) than the oldest ones. With the advance of age, the perceptions of emotional and social support decrease, however people older than 50 revealed less negative affect and more satisfaction with life than the youngest. Married individuals revealed to give less importance than separated, divorced and widowers, etc. to the stability at work and financial security; single individuals revealed to have more negative affects than married ones. Men related to feel more satisfied with life, to have more positive affects and less negative affects than women. The ones who do volunteer work revealed to be more optimistic and to have less negative affects than the ones who don t. Data revealed that the researched have a good level of optimism and a perception of emotional support higher than the perception of practical support (tangible and appraisal supports); they are motivated mainly by goals of achievement at work and by stability and financial security; they feel indifferent towards satisfaction with life; present positive affects a little above indifference, however they feel little negative affects. Deriving from this, a little more than two thirds of the investigated present prevailing of emotional positive state over the negative. The optimism was the variable which established more and higher associations; it positively correlated with values of achievement at work, with values of social relations, with values of prestigious work, with satisfaction with life and positive affects; and it negatively correlated with negative affects. The perception of emotional support positively correlated with values of prestige, positive affects and with satisfaction with life; and correlated negatively with negative affects. The perception of practical support (tangible and appraisal supports) did not present significant correlations with any study variable. Positive affects positively correlated with work values of social relations and with values of prestigious work. From the analyses of three predictive models it was found that optimism and emotional support echoes positively over satisfaction with life and positive affects. Optimism echoes negatively over negative affects. Values of prestigious work echoes positively over positive affects. Stability values echo negatively over satisfaction with life and positive affects; and positively over negative affects. The results of this study have shown that the optimistic state is a powerful positive impact factor over the health state called subjective well-being.(AU) / Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a capacidade de otimismo, de suporte social e de valores do trabalho serem preditores de bem estar subjetivo, bem como analisar as relações de variáveis demográficas com essas variáveis de estudo, descrevê-las e examinar as relações entre elas. A amostra consistiu de 47 homens e de 101 mulheres com idade média de 41,00 anos (DP =10,72) que buscavam apoio em instituição para sua transição profissional. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário de autopreenchimento composto por cinco medidas que aferiram as variáveis incluídas no estudo: otimismo, percepção de suporte social, valores do trabalho, satisfação geral com a vida e afetos positivos e negativos, bem como variáveis demográficas: sexo, idade, estudo, trabalho, voluntariado, estado civil e permanência na instituição. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testadas diferenças entre médias, correlações, análise de variância e calculados modelos de regressão linear múltipla. As relações das variáveis de estudo com variáveis demográficas revelaram que as pessoas que não estudam percebem ter mais suporte prático e dão mais importância a motivações de autopromoção e de prestígio do que as que estudam. Os mais jovens com até 30 anos relataram que se percebem tendo mais apoio emocional e prático do que os mais velhos. Com o avanço da idade diminuem as percepções de suporte emocional e prático, contudo as pessoas com mais de 50 anos revelaram menos afetos negativos e maior satisfação com a vida do que os mais jovens. Casados revelaram dar menos importância do que separados, divorciados, viúvos, etc. à estabilidade no trabalho e segurança financeira; solteiros revelaram ter mais afetos negativos do que os casados. Homens relataram se sentir mais satisfeitos com a vida, ter mais afetos positivos e menos afetos negativos que mulheres. Quem realiza trabalho voluntário revelou ser mais otimista e ter menos afetos negativos do que aqueles que não realizam. Os dados revelaram que os pesquisados têm um bom nível de otimismo e uma percepção de suporte emocional maior do que a percepção de suporte prático; são motivados, principalmente por metas de realização no trabalho e de estabilidade e segurança financeira; sentem-se indiferentes quanto à satisfação com a vida; apresentam afetos positivos um pouco acima da indiferença; contudo sentem poucos afetos negativos. Disso decorre que um pouco mais de dois terços dos pesquisados apresentaram predominância de estados emocionais positivos sobre os negativos. O otimismo foi a variável que estabeleceu associações mais altas e em maior quantidade; correlacionou positivamente com valores de realização no trabalho, com valores de relações sociais, com valores do trabalho de prestígio, com satisfação com a vida e com afetos positivos; e correlacionou negativamente com afetos negativos. A percepção de suporte emocional correlacionou positivamente com valores de prestígio, afetos positivos e com satisfação com a vida; e correlacionou negativamente com afetos negativos. Percepção de suporte prático não apresentou correlações significativas com nenhuma variável de estudo. Afetos positivos correlacionaram-se positivamente com valores do trabalho de relações sociais e com valores do trabalho de prestígio. A partir da análise de três modelos preditivos encontrou-se que otimismo e suporte emocional repercutem positivamente sobre a satisfação com a vida e sobre afetos positivos. Otimismo repercute negativamente sobre afetos negativos. Valores do trabalho de prestígio repercutem positivamente sobre afetos positivos. Valores de estabilidade repercutem negativamente sobre satisfação com a vida e sobre afetos positivos; e positivamente sobre afetos negativos. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o estado otimista é um poderoso fator de impacto positivo sobre o estado de saúde denominado bem estar subjetivo.(AU)