Among indigenous populations, there is significant evidence that the rates of completed suicide are much higher than in the general population. The current study examines whether the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts differ when comparing an American Indian reservation sample to a US general population sample. Data were from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 5,877) and the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project (N = 3,084). The current findings indicate that there are few differences in the likelihood of suicidal behavior in conjunction with particular disorders or traumas. However, American Indians appeared more likely to make a suicide attempt and less likely to have suicidal thoughts in their lifetime when compared with the general population. Although preliminary and exploratory, findings provide evidence that suicide interventions for indigenous populations may require modification based on differential risk factors for suicide.

Thesis (D.Psyc.(Clin.))--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 70-81.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76).

<p>In this paper the authors are focusing on people that work in psychiatric acute care. How do they identify the individual that is in most need of acute care? How do they judge in this kind of cases? <strong></strong></p><p>   The foundation in this study is in the qualitative method. The material to this study has been collected by doing qualitative interviews with six people in different professions and positions in psychiatric acute care.</p><p>   The material that we collected from these six qualitative interviews has been analysed with help from Sherif’s and Hovland’s (1961) Social judgement theory. The theory describes people’s judgement based on certain criterions and how it affects them. </p><p>   It has been noticed that the individuals who asses first acute care are usually the ones that has a suicidal behavior. The resources are decreasing while the need for psychiatric acute care is increasing. The personell have to make decisions about which individual that are in most need of acute care<strong>. </strong>Their judgments are very important for the indiviuals in need of immediate care. This judgement can be depending on which individual who is doing the judgemet. This paper has given us comprehension for the immortance of good individual properties for doing judgements, and that they are made in several positions.</p>

Οι ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια βρίσκονται σε υψηλό κίνδυνο για αυτοκτονικό ιδεασμό, απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας, και επιτυχημένες απόπειρες. Παρ’ όλα αυτά, η αυτοκτονική συμπεριφορά κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόδρομης περιόδου της σχιζοφρένειας και μια πιθανή συσχέτιση μεταξύ της πρόδρομης αυτοκτονικής συμπεριφοράς και της αυτοκτονικότητας μετά την έναρξη της ενεργούς ψυχώσεως δεν είχε μελετηθεί. 106 συνεχόμενες εισαγωγές ασθενών με πρόσφατη έναρξη σχιζοφρένειας εκτιμήθηκαν αναδρομικά για πρόδρομα συμπτώματα και αυτοκτονικότητα κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόδρομης φάσης καθώς και μετά την έναρξη της ενεργούς ψυχώσεως. Επιπρόσθετα, 106 σταθμισμένοι μάρτυρες από το γενικό πληθυσμό εκτιμήθηκαν για αυτοκτονική συμπεριφορά κατά τη διάρκεια της ίδιας περιόδου με την πρόδρομη φάση του αντίστοιχου ασθενή. Αυτοκτονικός ιδεασμός και απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόδρομης περιόδου βρέθηκαν στο 25.5% και 7.5% των ασθενών το οποίο είναι αντίστοιχα 3.8 φορές και 8 φορές πιο συχνό από ότι στους μάρτυρες. Οι ασθενείς με αυτοκτονική συμπεριφορά είχαν μεγαλύτερο αριθμό πρόδρομων συμπτωμάτων από ότι οι ασθενείς χωρίς αυτοκτονική συμπεριφορά. Η πρόδρομη καταθλιπτική διάθεση, η εκσεσημασμένη έκπτωση στη λειτουργικότητα, και το κάπνισμα καπνού βρέθηκαν να ασκούν ανεξάρτητη επίδραση στον αυτοκτονικό ιδεασμό, ενώ η καταθλιπτική διάθεση ήταν το πρόδρομο σύμπτωμα σημαντικά πιο συχνό στους ασθενείς με απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας. Οι απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας συσχετίστηκαν με πρώιμη έναρξη της πρόδρομης συμπτωματολογίας και της ενεργού ψυχώσεως. Όλοι οι ασθενείς με απόπειρα αυτοκτονίας στην πρόδρομη περίοδο ήταν καπνιστές. Ο αυτοκτονικός ιδεασμός κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόδρομης φάσης είχε ισχυρή συσχέτιση με την δια βίου αυτοκτονικότητα μετά την έναρξη της ενεργούς ψυχώσεως. Συμπερασματικά, η αυτοκτονική συμπεριφορά είναι αρκετά συχνή κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόδρομης περιόδου. Ο συνδυασμός καπνίσματος, καταθλιπτικής διάθεσης, έκπτωσης λειτουργικότητας, και ενός μεγάλου αριθμού προδρόμων συμπτωμάτων, ειδικά σε ασθενείς με πρώιμη έναρξη συμπτωματολογίας, συνεπάγεται σημαντικά αυξημένο κίνδυνο αυτοκτονικού ιδεασμού. Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή απαιτούν οι ασθενείς με αυτοκτονικό ιδεασμό κατά την πρόδρομη περίοδο μετά την έναρξη της ενεργούς ψυχώσεως διότι ο κίνδυνος απόπειρας αυτοκτονίας είναι υψηλός. / Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for suicide ideation, attempts and completed suicide. However, suicidal behavior during the prodromal phase of schizophrenia and a possible association between prodromal suicidal behavior and suicidality after the onset of overt psychosis are not studied. 106 consecutively admitted schizophrenia patients with recent onset were evaluated retrospectively for prodromal symptoms and suicidality during the prodromal phase and after the onset of frank psychosis. Additionally, 106 matched control subjects from the general population were evaluated for suicidality during the same age period of the prodromal phase of the corresponding patient. Suicide ideation and attempt during the prodromal period were reported in 25.5% and 7.5% of the patients that is 3.8-fold and 8-fold greater than in the controls, respectively. Patients with suicidal behavior experienced a greater number of prodromal symptoms than those without. Prodromal depressive mood, marked impairment in role functioning, and tobacco smoking exerted an independent effect on suicide ideation, whereas depressive mood was the symptom significantly more frequent in patients with suicide attempt. Suicide attempts were associated with an earlier onset of prodromal symptoms and frank psychosis. All patients with prodromal suicide attempts were cigarette smokers. Suicide ideation during the prodromal phase was strongly associated with lifetime suicidality after the onset of frank psychosis. In conclusion suicidal behavior is quite common during the prodromal period. The association of smoking, depressive mood, impaired functioning, and a large number of prodromal symptoms, particularly in patients with an early onset of symptoma¬tology carries a substantially increased risk for suicide ideation. Particular care is needed in patients with prodromal suicide ideation after the onset of frank psychosis because the risk to attempt suicide is high.

Objectif. L’enquête Santé mentale en Population Générale a été réalisée, en 2003, par le centre collaborateur de l’OMS (CCOMS-Lille) en partenariat avec l’hôpital psychiatrique Mahfoud Boucebci (EHS-Alger). Les données portant sur le risque suicidaire sont exploitées dans le présent travail. Son objectif principal est d’étudier la relation entre le trouble de stress post-traumatique et le risque suicidaire. Méthode. Huit cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf sujets vivant en Algérie (n=899) ont participé à cette enquête. Le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) a été utilisé afin de recueillir des données relatives aux troubles mentaux. Résultats. 61 % de la population (n=548) a été exposée à des événements potentiellement « traumatisants ». La prévalence du PTSD est estimée à 13,5 % (n=121) dans l’échantillon global. 13,6 % des sujets (n=122) présentent un risque suicidaire. Aucune relation directe entre le PTSD et le risque suicidaire n’a été observée. Toutefois, le PTSD augmente significativement le risque suicidaire chez les non-pratiquants (OR=5.81 ; IC [1.948-17.328] ; p=0.001) en comparaison avec les sujets pratiquants. Le risque suicidaire est 10 fois plus élevé chez les sujets pratiquants souffrant de problème d’alcool (OR =10.26 ; IC [3.133-33.609] ; p<=0.0001). Conclusion. Cette première étude en population générale souligne la prévalence relativement élevée du risque suicidaire et de PTSD. La pratique religieuse est un élément protecteur contre les conduites suicidaires. Les résultats qui en découlent pourraient être exploités dans le but de fonder une démarche de prévention du risque suicidaire. / Objective. The Mental Health Survey on General Population was conducted in 2003 by the WHO collaborating centres in Lille (WHOCC-Lille) in partnership with the Mahfoud Boucebci psychiatric hospital (EHS-Alger). Data regarding suicidal risk are exploited in the present study. The main objective aims at studying the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder and suicidal risk.Method. Eight hundred ninety-nine subjects living in Algeria (n=899) took part in this survey. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to collect data related to mental disorders and suicidal behaviors. Results. 61% of the population (n=548) were exposed to « traumatic » events. PTSD prevalence is estimated to be 13.5% (n = 121) in the overall sample. 13.6% of the subjects (n = 122) present a suicidal risk. There is no direct relationship between PTSD and suicidal risk.However, PTSD significantly increases the suicidal risk in non-practising subjects (OR = 5.81, CI [1.948-17.328], p = 0.001) compared to practising subjects. Suicidal risk is 10 times higher in practising subjects suffering from alcohol problems (OR = 10.26, IC [3.133-33.609], p <= 0.0001). Conclusion. This first study in the general population highlights the relatively high prevalence of suicidal risk and PTSD. Religious practice is a protective element against suicidal behavior. These results could be exploited so that a preventive approach to suicidal risk can be put in place.

The purpose of the study was to highlight the extent of teenage suicide/parasuicide in selected areas in the West Rand. An exploratory descriptive survey was used to determine the extent of teenage suicide/parasuicide, identify existing programmes for the prevention of suicide, determine the involvement of the community health nurses in such programmes and make recommendations for the development of suicide prevention programmes in areas where they do not exist. Structured interview schedules were used to collect data. The study was undertaken in various clinics in Gauteng Province. The study results suggest that suicide/parasuicide is a common occurrence amongst teenagers and young adults aged between 15 and 24 years, suicide/parasuicide do not seem to be accurately recorded in most clinics, that community health nurses are not adequately involved in suicide prevention programmes and finally that available suicide prevention programmes are not fully utilised. Recommendations based on the findings are given. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

A violência de gênero e a ideação suicida são eventos sociais de elevada incidência e constituem importantes problemas de saúde pública. Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a violência de gênero e a ideação suicida em mulheres que vivem com hiv usuárias de um Serviço de Atenção Especializada em DST/aids de um município de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. Este é um estudo transversal cuja amostra foi constituída por 161 mulheres que vivem com hiv. Elas responderam um questionário aplicado por meio de entrevistas realizadas pelo pesquisador. A violência de gênero foi investigada por meio da versão brasileira reduzida do instrumento World Health Organization Violence Against Women e, para a ideação suicida, foi utilizado o Questionário de Ideação Suicida. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software Statistical Package Social Sciences. Verificou-se a presença de associações entre variáveis utilizando o teste Qui-Quadrado, Correlação de Pearson e Regressão de Poisson. A prevalência da violência de gênero foi de 72,7% e da ideação suicida de 50,9%. Neste estudo, as variáveis que estiveram associadas à violência e à ideação suicida foram praticamente as mesmas. Houve relação com a idade precoce da primeira relação sexual, maior número de filhos, baixas condições financeiras e maior tempo de vida com hiv. Além disso, as mulheres que sofreram violência de gênero apresentaram risco cinco vezes maior de manifestar ideação suicida. Neste trabalho observou-se alta prevalência de violência de gênero e de ideação suicida entre mulheres com hiv, e recomenda-se investigações desses temas nas histórias de vida das mulheres para que se possa propiciar acolhimento e cuidado como parte integrante das políticas voltadas às pessoas que vivem com hiv e da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres. / Gender violence and suicidal ideation are social events of high incidence and are important public health problems. This study aims to study gender violence and suicidal ideation in women living with HIV attending in a Service of Specialized Care in hiv/aids from a medium-sized city of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consisted of 161 women living with hiv. They answered a questionnaire through interviews conducted by the researcher. Gender violence was investigated by means of the Brazilian version of the instrument reduced World Health Organization Violence Against Women, and for suicidal ideation we used the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package Social Sciences software. Verified the presence of associations between variables using the Chi-Square test, Pearson Correlation and Poisson Regression. The prevalence for gender violence was of 72.7% and for suicidal ideation of 50.9%. In this study, the variables that were associated with violence and suicidal ideation were practically the same. There was a relationship with early age at first intercourse, higher number of children, few financial conditions and longer time life with hiv. In addition, women who suffer gender violence have fivefold greater risk of manifesting suicidal ideation. In this study, a high prevalence of gender violence and suicidal ideation among women with hiv, and it is recommended that investigations of these themes in the life stories of women so that they can provide shelter and care as an integral part of policies aimed at people who living with hiv and comprehensive health care for women. / La violencia de género y la ideación suicida son eventos sociales de alta incidencia y son importantes problemas de salud pública. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar la violencia de género y la ideación suicida en las mujeres que viven con el hiv asistir a un Servicio de Atención Especializada en hiv/sida de un municipio de tamaño medio de Rio Grande do Sul. Se trata de un estudio transversal que muestra consistió en 161 mujeres que viven con el hiv. Respondieron un cuestionario a través de entrevistas realizadas por el investigador. La violencia de género fue investigado por medio de la versión brasileña del instrumento reducido Violencia Organización Mundial de la Salud contra la mujer y para la ideación suicida, se utilizó el Cuestionario de ideación suicida. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete estadístico Ciencias Sociales. Verificada la presencia de asociaciones entre variables mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado, correlación de Pearson y la regresión de Poisson. La prevalencia de la violencia de género fue de 72.7% y 50.9% de la ideación suicida. En este estudio, las variables que se asociaron con la violencia y la ideación suicida fueron prácticamente iguales. Hubo una relación con la edad temprana en la primera relación, mayor número de hijos, algunas condiciones financieras y de mayor duración con el vih. Además, las mujeres que sufren violencia de género tienen cinco veces más riesgo de manifestar ideas suicidas. En este estudio, se recomienda una alta prevalencia de la violencia de género y la ideación suicida entre las mujeres con hiv, y que las investigaciones de estos temas en las historias de vida de las mujeres para que puedan brindar refugio y cuidado como parte integrante de las políticas dirigidas a las personas que viven con el hiv y la atención integral de salud para las mujeres.

Studien handlar om självskadebeteende. Syftet med undersökningen var att få reda på vilka yttre faktorer som påverkade tre unga tjejer att börja skada sig själva. Forskningen på området anser att personer börjar skada sig själva pågrund av sexuella övergrepp i ung ålder, men det framgår tydligt i resultatet att sexuella övergrepp i detta fall inte påverkade tjejerna i studien. Till grund för tjejernas destruktiva beteende ligger traumatiska händelser i deras uppväxt både i lågstadieålder samt högstadieålder. Metoden som användes i studien var semistrukturerade intervjuer eftersom intervjuaren då kan rikta sin fulla uppmärksamhet mot respondenten. Resultatet är utformat på ett narrativt sätt vilket gjorde att resultatet kunde presenteras i berättelseform. I resultatet framkom vilka yttre påverkansfaktorer som påverkade tjejerna att börja skada sig, som till exempel föräldrars skilsmässa, eller plötslig död i deras nära omgivning.

A violência de gênero e a ideação suicida são eventos sociais de elevada incidência e constituem importantes problemas de saúde pública. Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a violência de gênero e a ideação suicida em mulheres que vivem com hiv usuárias de um Serviço de Atenção Especializada em DST/aids de um município de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. Este é um estudo transversal cuja amostra foi constituída por 161 mulheres que vivem com hiv. Elas responderam um questionário aplicado por meio de entrevistas realizadas pelo pesquisador. A violência de gênero foi investigada por meio da versão brasileira reduzida do instrumento World Health Organization Violence Against Women e, para a ideação suicida, foi utilizado o Questionário de Ideação Suicida. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software Statistical Package Social Sciences. Verificou-se a presença de associações entre variáveis utilizando o teste Qui-Quadrado, Correlação de Pearson e Regressão de Poisson. A prevalência da violência de gênero foi de 72,7% e da ideação suicida de 50,9%. Neste estudo, as variáveis que estiveram associadas à violência e à ideação suicida foram praticamente as mesmas. Houve relação com a idade precoce da primeira relação sexual, maior número de filhos, baixas condições financeiras e maior tempo de vida com hiv. Além disso, as mulheres que sofreram violência de gênero apresentaram risco cinco vezes maior de manifestar ideação suicida. Neste trabalho observou-se alta prevalência de violência de gênero e de ideação suicida entre mulheres com hiv, e recomenda-se investigações desses temas nas histórias de vida das mulheres para que se possa propiciar acolhimento e cuidado como parte integrante das políticas voltadas às pessoas que vivem com hiv e da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres. / Gender violence and suicidal ideation are social events of high incidence and are important public health problems. This study aims to study gender violence and suicidal ideation in women living with HIV attending in a Service of Specialized Care in hiv/aids from a medium-sized city of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consisted of 161 women living with hiv. They answered a questionnaire through interviews conducted by the researcher. Gender violence was investigated by means of the Brazilian version of the instrument reduced World Health Organization Violence Against Women, and for suicidal ideation we used the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package Social Sciences software. Verified the presence of associations between variables using the Chi-Square test, Pearson Correlation and Poisson Regression. The prevalence for gender violence was of 72.7% and for suicidal ideation of 50.9%. In this study, the variables that were associated with violence and suicidal ideation were practically the same. There was a relationship with early age at first intercourse, higher number of children, few financial conditions and longer time life with hiv. In addition, women who suffer gender violence have fivefold greater risk of manifesting suicidal ideation. In this study, a high prevalence of gender violence and suicidal ideation among women with hiv, and it is recommended that investigations of these themes in the life stories of women so that they can provide shelter and care as an integral part of policies aimed at people who living with hiv and comprehensive health care for women. / La violencia de género y la ideación suicida son eventos sociales de alta incidencia y son importantes problemas de salud pública. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar la violencia de género y la ideación suicida en las mujeres que viven con el hiv asistir a un Servicio de Atención Especializada en hiv/sida de un municipio de tamaño medio de Rio Grande do Sul. Se trata de un estudio transversal que muestra consistió en 161 mujeres que viven con el hiv. Respondieron un cuestionario a través de entrevistas realizadas por el investigador. La violencia de género fue investigado por medio de la versión brasileña del instrumento reducido Violencia Organización Mundial de la Salud contra la mujer y para la ideación suicida, se utilizó el Cuestionario de ideación suicida. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete estadístico Ciencias Sociales. Verificada la presencia de asociaciones entre variables mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado, correlación de Pearson y la regresión de Poisson. La prevalencia de la violencia de género fue de 72.7% y 50.9% de la ideación suicida. En este estudio, las variables que se asociaron con la violencia y la ideación suicida fueron prácticamente iguales. Hubo una relación con la edad temprana en la primera relación, mayor número de hijos, algunas condiciones financieras y de mayor duración con el vih. Además, las mujeres que sufren violencia de género tienen cinco veces más riesgo de manifestar ideas suicidas. En este estudio, se recomienda una alta prevalencia de la violencia de género y la ideación suicida entre las mujeres con hiv, y que las investigaciones de estos temas en las historias de vida de las mujeres para que puedan brindar refugio y cuidado como parte integrante de las políticas dirigidas a las personas que viven con el hiv y la atención integral de salud para las mujeres.