L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre comment s’articule la réception d’expositions socialement engagées dans un contexte muséal contemporain et québécois. Afin de mener à bien cette recherche, deux études de cas seront analysées : Art et féminisme (1982) et Pour la suite du Monde (1992). Comme l’exercice du mémoire commande un développement restreint, nous avons sélectionné des manifestations qui se sont déroulées dans une seule institution, le Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal. Avant d’aborder directement le phénomène de réception et afin de bien cerner le contexte artistique et théorique des années 80 et 90, le premier chapitre sera consacré aux différentes théories et pratiques de l’exposition, telles que développées au cours de cette période. Ainsi, nous parcourrons des théories relatives à l’exposition d’art et à son commissariat de Jérôme Glicenstein, Mieke Bal, Yves Michaud, Nathalie Heinich et Michel Pollak ainsi que Daniel Buren. Ensuite, les deuxième et troisième chapitres seront exclusivement voués à Art et féminisme et Pour la suite du Monde. Outre l’examen de leur réception, nous décrirons leur contexte de mise sur pied, et ce, tant du point de vue conceptuel que sociohistorique. Le but de cet exercice sera de bien comprendre comment s’énonce le propos d’une exposition lorsqu’il est lié de près à sa réalité politique, culturelle et institutionnelle. / The present thesis aims to understand how audience and critical reception of politically and socially engaged art exhibitions articulates itself in the museum context in Quebec. In order to do so, two case studies will be examined: Art et féminisme (1982) and Pour la suite du Monde (1992). Within the scope of this thesis, a thorough study will be facilitated by selecting exhibitions which took place in a single institution, the Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal. Before directly addressing reception and in order to better define the artistic and theoretical context of the 1980’s and 1990’s, the first chapter will be dedicated to the different theories and practices regarding exhibitions as they were developed in that period. As such, the work of exhibition practitioners and theorists Jérôme Glicenstein, Mieke Bal, Yves Michaud, Nathalie Heinich and Michel Pollak, as well as Daniel Buren, will be summarised. The second and third chapters will exclusively address the Art et féminisme and Pour la suite du Monde exhibitions. While their reception will be examined, the specific conceptual and socio-historical context in which they were deployed will be detailed. The aim of this exercise is to fully comprehend the way in which an exhibition enunciates its subject matter when the latter is closely linked to its political, cultural and institutional reality.

Introduite par B. Totaro, la filtration par le poids sur l'homologie des variétés algébriques réelles, analogue réel de la filtration par le poids de P. Deligne sur les variétés algébriques complexes, a été réalisée via un complexe de chaînes filtré par C. McCrory et A. Parusinski, qui en ont enrichi la compréhension, notamment à travers l'étude de la suite spectrale induite. Au milieu des nombreuses informations recelées par cette suite spectrale de poids, on retrouve les nombres de Betti virtuels. Dans cette thèse, on montre l'existence d'une filtration par le poids équivariante sur l'homologie équivariante des variétés algébriques réelles munies d'une action d'un groupe fini. On la réalise par un complexe filtré et, via la construction de plusieurs suites spectrales, on effectue des avancées significatives pour extraire des invariants additifs. Lors de notre étude, on définit fonctoriellement un complexe de poids avec action et on montre qu'un résultat de découpage d'une variété Nash munie d'une involution algébrique entraîne un analogue de la suite exacte de Smith, tenant compte de la filtration Nash-constructible. A travers la construction d'un complexe de poids invariant dans le cadre d'involutions algébriques, on retrouve également les nombres de Betti virtuels équivariants de G. Fichou. Enfin, en appliquant les bons foncteurs aux résultats sur les produits de filtrations par le poids réelles de T. Limoges, on donne des résultats sur les produits de filtrations par le poids équivariantes.

Fluid flow creates an expansive range of acoustic possibilities, particularly in the case of water, which has unique turbulence and vortex shedding properties as compared with the air of ordinary wind instruments. Sound from water flow is explained with reference to a new class of musical instruments, hydraulophones, in which oscillation originates directly from matter in its liquid state. Several hydraulophones which were realized in practical form are described. A unique user-interface consisting of a row of water jets is presented, in terms of its expressiveness, tactility, responsiveness to derivatives and integrals of displacement, and in terms of the direct physical interaction between a user and the physical process of sound production. Signal processing algorithms are introduced, which extract further information from turbulent water flow, for industrial applications as well as musical applications.

Fluid flow creates an expansive range of acoustic possibilities, particularly in the case of water, which has unique turbulence and vortex shedding properties as compared with the air of ordinary wind instruments. Sound from water flow is explained with reference to a new class of musical instruments, hydraulophones, in which oscillation originates directly from matter in its liquid state. Several hydraulophones which were realized in practical form are described. A unique user-interface consisting of a row of water jets is presented, in terms of its expressiveness, tactility, responsiveness to derivatives and integrals of displacement, and in terms of the direct physical interaction between a user and the physical process of sound production. Signal processing algorithms are introduced, which extract further information from turbulent water flow, for industrial applications as well as musical applications.

The constant modification of software during its life cycle poses many challenges for developers and testers because changes might not behave as expected or may introduce erroneous side effects. For those reasons, it is of critical importance to analyze, test, and validate software every time it changes. The most common method for validating modified software is regression testing, which identifies differences in the behavior of software caused by changes and determines the correctness of those differences. Most research to this date has focused on the efficiency of regression testing by selecting and prioritizing existing test cases affected by changes. However, little attention has been given to finding whether the test suite adequately tests the effects of changes (i.e., behavior differences in the modified software) and which of those effects are missed during testing. In practice, it is necessary to augment the test suite to exercise the untested effects. The thesis of this research is that the effects of changes on software behavior can be computed with enough precision to help testers analyze the consequences of changes and augment test suites effectively. To demonstrate this thesis, this dissertation uses novel insights to develop a fundamental understanding of how changes affect the behavior of software. Based on these foundations, the dissertation defines and studies new techniques that detect these effects in cost-effective ways. These techniques support test-suite augmentation by (1) identifying the effects of individual changes that should be tested, (2) identifying the combined effects of multiple changes that occur during testing, and (3) optimizing the computation of these effects.

A l'image de la population du continent européen, la population française vieillit. Ainsi, dans le sillage d'une transition démographique qui a duré plus de deux siècles et qui s'est combinée, ces dernières années, avec une baisse importante et continue de la mortalité aux grands âges, l'espérance de vie des Français a connu un fabuleux essor. Cette progression régulière a fini par accroître, au fil des ans, la proportion des personnes âgées et, par conséquent, leurs besoins en soins. C'est à l'hôpital en tant que pierre angulaire du système de santé français que revient la tâche la plus ardue de la satisfaction de ces besoins. De plus, parallèlement à l'augmentation continue de la demande en soins gériatriques, le contexte économique trouble qui caractérise les finances publiques, depuis plusieurs années, a amené les autorités à introduire plusieurs réformes du financement des établissements de santé, ce qui n'est pas sans effet sur la qualité des prises en charge des patients âgés. Caractériser au point de vue démographique, social et économique le vieillissement de la population française, comprendre ses effets sur la sphère individuelle et collective et analyser sa prise en charge par le système hospitalier, notamment par les unités de soins de suite et de réadaptation, sont les principaux axes de cette thèse. / Following the trend of European continent population, French population is aging. Thus in the wake of a demographic transition that lasted more than two centuries with an important and continuous decline of mortality these years in the aged population, the life expectancy of the French population has experienced a fabulous boon. This regular progression of life expectancy ended up by increasing over the years the proportion of older persons and therefore their care needs. The Hospital as the cornerstone of the French health system has the more arduous task to care for the needs of aged population. Parallel to the continuous increase in demands for geriatric care, the difficult economic situation which characterizes the French public finances has led the authorities to introduce several reforms of heath institutions and facilities which are not without consequences for the quality of health services provided to the elderly patients. This thesis deals with the demographic, social and economic aspects of the aging French population by analyzing their effects in individual and collective spheres. It seeks to understand the challenges of support systems such as hospitals and care units of rehabilitation.

La complexité croissante du matériel et du logiciel dans le développement des applications pour les systèmes embarqués induit de nouveaux besoins et de nouvelles contraintes en termes de fonctionnalités, de capacité de stockage, de calcul et de consommation d'énergie. Cela entraîne des difficultés accrues pour les concepteurs alors que les contraintes commerciales liées aux développement et à la production de ces systèmes demeurent impondérables. Un autre défi qui s'ajoute à cette complexité est le développement des applications avec de fortes exigences de sécurité et de fiabilité (S&D) pour des systèmes embarqués contraints en ressources (RCES). De ce fait, nous recommandons d'aborder cette complexité via la réutilisation d'un ensemble d'artefacts de modélisation dédiés. Le "patron" constitue l'artefact de base pour représenter des solutions S&D, à spécifier par les experts de ces aspects et à réutiliser par les ingénieurs pour résoudre les problèmes de l'ingénierie système/logicielle du domaine confrontée à ces aspects. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons une approche d'ingénierie à base de modèles pour la spécification, le packaging et la réutilisation de ces artefacts pour modéliser et analyser ces systèmes. Le fondement de notre approche est un ensemble de langages de modélisation et des règles de transformation couplés à un référentiel orienté modèles et de moteurs de recherche et d'instantiation. Ces langages de modélisation permettent de spécifier les patrons, les systèmes de patrons et un ensemble de modèles de propriétés et de ressources. Ces modèles permettent de gouverner l'utilisation des patrons, leur organisation et leur analyse pour d'éventuel réutilisation. Pour les transformations, nous avons conçu un ensemble de règles pour l'analyse de la satisfiabilité des architectures logicielles à base de patrons S&D pour des plateformes matérielles à base de modèles de ressources. Pour le développement du référentiel, nous proposons un processus de spécification et de génération basé sur les langages de modélisation décrits au préalable. Les moteurs permettent de retrouver pour ensuite instantier ces artefacts vers des environnements de développement spécifiques.Dans le cadre de l'assistance pour le développement des applications S&D pour les RCES, nous avons implémenté une suite d'outils, basés sur Eclipse EMF/QVTO, pour supporter la spécification de ces artefacts et l'analyse des applications S&D autour d'un référentiel. Afin de faciliter l'utilisation de l'approche proposée, nous préconisons un ensemble de méthodes pour favoriser l'utilisation de cette suite d'outils tout au long du processus de développement. En outre, nous avons abordé la construction par génération automatique de référentiels orientés modèles, basée sur Eclipse EMF/QVTO et la plateforme Eclispe CDO, accompagné d'un ensemble d'outils pour le peuplement, l'accès et la gestion de ce référentiel. Les problèmes étudiés dans ce travail ont été identifiés dans le contexte du projet européen FP7 TERESA. Les solutions proposées ont ainsi été démontrées et évaluées dans le cadre de ce projet à travers un cas d'étude d'une application de contrôle, exhibant des exigences de fiabilité et de sécurité, pour les systèmes ferroviaires. / Non-functional requirements such as Security and Dependability (S&D) become more and more important as well as more and more difficult to achieve, particularly in embedded systems development. Such systems come with a large number of common characteristics, including real-time and temperature constraints, security and dependability as well as efficiency requirements. In particular, the development of Resource Constrained Embedded Systems (RCES) has to address constraints regarding memory, computational processing power and/or energy consumption. In this work, we propose a modeling environment which associates model-driven paradigm and a model-based repository, to support the design and the packaging of S&D patterns, resource models and their property models. The approach is based on a set of modeling languages coupled with a model-repository, search and instantiation engines towards specific development environments. These modeling languages allow to specify patterns, resources and a set of property models. These property models will allow to govern the use of patterns and their analysis for reuse. In addition, we propose a specification and generation process of repositories. As part of the assistance for the development of S&D applications, we have implemented a suite of tool-chain based on the Eclipse platform to support the different activities around the repository, including the analysis activities. The proposed solutions were evaluated in the TERESA project through a case study from the railway domain.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizGSD_ate_cap6.pdf: 3498562 bytes, checksum: 2d2d95d878c0320cd578c1fd98d02cfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The of Serrinha plutonic suite, northeastern portion of the Borborema Province (NE Brazil), is characterized by a voluminous and diversified magmatism of Neoproterozoic age, intrusive in the Archean to Paleoproterozoic gneissic-migmatitic basement of the S?o Jos? de Campestre massif. Field relations and petrographic and geochemical data allowed us to individualize different lithologic types among this plutonic suite, which is represented by intermediate to mafic enclaves, porphyritic diorites, porphyritic granitoids, porphyritic granodiorites, microporphyritic granites and dykes/sheets of microgranite. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves occur associated with porphyritic granitoids, showing mixture textures. The porphyrytic diorites occur as isolated bodies, generally associated with intermediate-to-mafic enclaves and locally as enclaves within porphyritic granites. The granodiorites represent mixing between an intermediate to mafic magma with an acidic one. The micropophyritic granites occur as isolated small bodies, generally deformed, while the microgranite dykes/sheets crosscut all the previous granitoids. A U-Pb zircon age of 576 + 3 Ma was obtained for the Serrinha granite. This age is interpreted as age of the peak of the regional ductile deformational event (D3) and of the associated the E-W Rio Jacu shear zone, which control the emplacement of the Neoproterozoic syntectonic plutons. The porphyrytic granitoids show monzogranitic composition, transitional between peraluminous and metaluminous types, typically of the high potassium subalkaline-calc-alkaline series. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves present vary from quartz diorite to tonalite/granodiorite, with metaluminous, shoshonitic affinity. The diorites are generally quartz-monzodiorite in composition, with metaluminous, subalkaline affinity. They display coarse-grained, inequigranular, porphyrytic texture, with predominance of plagioclase phenocrystals immersed in a matrix composed of biotite and pyroxenes. The microporphyrytic granites are essentially monzogranites of fine- to medium-grained texture, whereas microgranite dikes/sheets varying from monzogranites to syenogranites, with fine to media texture, equigranular. The diversified magmatism occurring at a relatively small surface associated with shear zones, suggests lithospheric dimensions for such structures, with magma extractions from different depths within the lower crust and upper mantle. The geological, geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the Serrinha plutonic suite suggest a pos-collisional geodynamic context for the Neoproterozoic magmatism. Thermobarometric data show emplacement conditions in the range 5-6 kbar (AlTamphibole) and 730-740?C (plagioclase-amphibole) for the porphyrytic granitoids (Serrinha body) and the intermediate-to-mafic enclaves / A su?te plut?nica da regi?o de Serrinha, localizada no extremo nordeste da Prov?ncia Borborema (NE do Brasil), caracteriza-se por um volumoso e diversificado magmatismo de idade neoproteroz?ica, intrusivo no substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico, de idade arqueana a paleoproteroz?ica, do Maci?o S?o Jos? de Campestre. Rela??es de campo, dados petrogr?ficos e geoqu?micos permitiram individualizar os diferentes tipos litol?gicos desta su?te plut?nica, que s?o representados por encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos, rochas dior?ticas porfir?ticas, granit?ides porfir?ticos, granodioritos porfir?ticos, granitos microporfir?ticos e diques/sheets microgran?ticos. Os encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos ocorrem, principalmente, associados aos granit?ides porfir?ticos, exibindo fei??es de mistura. Os dioritos porfir?ticos ocorrem como corpos isolados, associados com encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos, e localmente como encraves nos granitos porfir?ticos. Os granodioritos representam um f?cies t?pico de mistura entre um magma intermedi?rio a m?fico, dior?tico, e outro ?cido, granitico. Os granitos microporfir?ticos apresentam-se como pequenos corpos isolados, geralmente deformados. Os diques e sheets microgran?ticos s?o tardios na seq??ncia magm?tica da ?rea estudada, com rela??es intrusivas nas demais unidades magm?ticas. Uma idada U-Pb em zirc?o de 576 + 3 Ma foi obtida para o Granito Serrinha, que ocorre controlado por uma zona de cisalhamento de dire??o geral E-W (Zona de Cisalhamento Rio Jacu). Tendo em vista o car?ter sintect?nico desse pl?ton, essa idade marca a sua coloca??o e o pico da deforma??o D3 associada. Este evento ? respons?vel pela atual arquitetura estrutural da ?rea mapeada, com gera??o da tect?nica ranscorrente/distensional impressa nas zonas de cisalhamento que controlam o alojamento dos pl?tons neoproteroz?icos. Os granit?ides porfir?ticos apresentam composi??o predominantemente monzogran?tica, apresentando caracter?sticas transicionais entre peraluminosos e metaluminosos, tipicamente de afinidade subalcalina - c?lcio-alcalina de alto K. Os encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos variam de quartzo dioritos a tonalitos/granodioritos, com textura faner?tica fina a m?dia. S?o rochas metaluminosas de afinidade shoshon?tica. As rochas dior?ticas porfir?ticas s?o principalmente quartzo monzodioritos, com textura inequigranular porfir?tica, com predom?nio de fenocristais de plagiocl?sio imersos numa matriz composta por biotita e pirox?nios. S?o rochas metaluminosas, de afinidade subalcalina m?fica. Os granitos microporfir?ticos s?o essencialmente monzogranitos de textura fina a m?dia, inequigranular, e os diques e sheetsmicrogran?ticos apresentam composi??o variando de monzogranitos a sienogranitos, com textura fina, equigranular. Apesar da pouca quantidade de dados, essas rochas apresentam caracter?sticas de afinidade geoqu?mica com a s?rie c?lcio-alcalina de alto K. O diversificado magmatismo ocorrendo em uma superf?cie relativamente pequena, associado a zonas de cisalhamento, apontam dimens?es litosf?ricas para essas estruturas, com extra??o de magmas a partir de diferentes n?veis da crosta e do manto superior. As caracter?sticas geol?gicas, geoqu?micas e geocronol?gicas da su?te plut?nica Neoproteroz?ica da regi?o de Serrinha sugerem um contexto geodin?mico p?s-colisional para a coloca??o dos corpos estudados ao final da orog?nese Neoproteroz?ica. Dados termobarom?tricos apontam condi??es P-T da ordem de 5-6 kbar (AlT-anfib?lio) e 730-740?C (plagiocl?sio-anfib?lio) para a coloca??o dos granit?ides porfir?ticos e encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos associados

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The analytical literature posits a dichotomy between Copland’s “popular” and “serious” music. Despite different motivic and hannonic structures on the surface, however, these styles are consistent in their underlying use of tonality. Tonics in both styles are defined by the same set of tonicizing techniques; and tonics in both styles serve the same function — to define the changing scale-degree function of pcs that are emphasized in various ways as common to the collections of successive tonics. The most important of these changes in scale-degree function are summarized in pitch-class continuity graphs that show the relation of the changes to thematic and harmonic form. Detailed analyses, which cover two “popular” and two “serious” works by Copland, demonstrate the consistency between the two styles. Besides demonstrating an underlying stylistic consistency these graphs provide useful information about structure in Copland’s music because they confirm striking features of Copland’s thematic and tonal designs. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate