The poetry of Sumer, inscribed in cuneiform script on clay tablets dating from 2000 B.C., is considered humanity's earliest written literature. Hymns To Inanna is a three-movement, mixed media work based on adapted English translations from ancient Sumerian text. The text is sung by SATB choir and musically illustrated by harp, flutes, percussion, and computer-generated sound (on tape). My musical setting displays these hymns not as a reflection of antiquity but as a timeless expression of spiritual thought. Certain elements of the composition evoke associations with early culture and music. These components, however, are transformed or merged with musical characteristics of other eras, idioms, and forms thus representing a conceptual and stylistic "bridge" between past, present, and future.

Quelle est la nature des mathématiques enseignées dans les classes de l’enseignement secondaire? Dans quelle mesure l’enseignement des compétences n’handicape-t-il pas l’accès à des mathématiques telles qu’en rêvent les enseignants ? Ce qu’on enseigne a les caractéristiques d’un texte, d’une forme scripturale qui présente des différences avec la forme orale d’une société qui ne connaît pas l’écriture. Il apparaît que la formulation des définitions présente un outil performant pour cette analyse. Les investigations empiriques dévoilent, à travers quatre tensions, les difficultés qu’ont les enseignants à faire entrer leurs élèves dans l’apprentissage d’une théorie mathématique. L’analyse des différentes manières de valider ce qu’ils enseignent conduit à montrer dans quelle situation problématique se trouve l’enseignement des mathématiques aujourd’hui. Un remède serait l’apprentissage de la compétence idiomatique. What is the nature of the Mathematics which are taught in secondary education classes (pupils from 12 to 18 years old)? How far does it impair learning mathematics like teachers dream them ? The taught matter shows the features of a text, of a scriptural form showing up differences with the oral form of a society without writing. The formulation of definitions appears to be a powerful tool to perform this analysis. Empirical investigations reveal through four tensions, how hardly the teachers bring their pupils into the learning of a mathematical theory. The analysis of the various ways to validate what they teach leads to show in what serious difficulties is today the teaching of mathematics. A remedy could be the learning of idiomatic competence.

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / Composé entre 2009 et 2012, le ballet-opéra Bilgamesh constitue un projet d’envergure à deux titres. D’abord, il y a la tentative de ressusciter un genre presque oublié, l’opéra-ballet. Ensuite, on y utilise exclusivement les langues anciennes de la Mésopotamie le sumérien et l’akkadien. Pour établir un lien avec d’autres genres artistiques on remarque que la fusion du chant et de la danse prend une place de plus en plus dans la musique populaire. Aussi, dans le cinéma contemporain les réalisateurs préfèrent l’utilisation de langues méconnues mais authentiques afin de refléter l’ambiance l’époque oubliée. Je crois profondément qu’un sujet mythologique ouvre à des possibilités énormes pour l’incarnation des idées intentionnées ci-dessus. Les langues mortes fusionnent avec la forme opéra-ballet afin de créer un organisme unique, tout en renforçant l’activité sur scène par des pensées spéciales et sacrées. Le choix du titre n’est pas non plus un hasard : le nom Gilgamesh est une altération de la version babylonienne du nom original du héros qui s’appelle Bilgamesh dans la langue sumérienne. / Composed between 2009 and 2012, the ballet-opera Bilgamesh represents an ambitious project for two special reasons. Firstly, there is the attempt to revive a partially forgotten genre opera-ballet. Secondly, the ancient language of Mesopotamia, Sumerian and Akkadian, are used exclusively. Drawing a parallel with other art forms, one must observe that the blending of singing and dance is more and more gaining a place in popular music and in contemporary cinema producers prefer more often the use of little-known but authentic languages to reflect the atmosphere of long- forgotten times. It is my deep conviction that a mythological subject opens up enormous possibilities for the embodiment of the ideas mentioned above, where dead languages can join together with the opera-ballet form in single organism, strengthening the action on stage with special, sacred thoughts. The title itself is no accident. The name Gilgamesh is a Babylonian alteration of the original name of the hero, Bilgamesh, in Sumerian.

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Este trabalho condensa extensa pesquisa dos processos de constituição arquitetônica e urbanística da Antigüidade, sustentando a tese de que é possível estabelecer um quadro geral do processo de urbanização da Antigüidade com base no estudo dos ambientes construídos de uso coletivo. Por quadro geral entendemos o produto da decisão metodológica de adoção de parâmetros de longa duração e larga extensão para os ambientes construídos de uso coletivo, a saber do 3º milênio ªC. ao VII d.C., na região da Afreurásia. Propõe, com base em tal recorte metodológico original, reler o mundo clássico em uma perspectiva mais próxima dos sentidos que os homens daquele tempo compartilhavam, com o amparo de testemunhos de época e de resgates arqueológicos, evitando distorções de projeção teleológica e contribuindo para a superação do olhar eurocêntrico dos estudos clássicos de urbanização. O procedimento adotado permitiu o estabelecimento de alguns contrastes críticos sobre os conjuntos urbanos daquele período, entre as concepções daquele universo e as do presente, propiciando novos enfoques para as discussões de hierarquização e transição entre espaços públicos e privados. / This paper summarises extensive research of the processes of constitution of architecture and urbanization in the Ancient world. It presents the thesis that it is possible to outline a general and coherent frame of the urbanization process in the Ancient world based on the study of collective use buildings. By a frame the author refers to the methodological adoption of standards of long view and large extension in the selection of collective use buildings, ranging from the III millenium B.C. to the VII century A.C. and covering the Afro-Eurasian region. This original methodological approach enables the author to interpret the Ancient world from a standpoint closer to the peoples who then lived. The approach is also based on period literary anecdotal records and archaeological finds, which help avoid present day biases and to overcome the problem of parochialism, especially in the eurocentric studies on urbanization of classical civilizations. Such procedure allowed for the identification of some critical contrasts between city buildings and compounds of the Ancient world and between architectural and urban notions present then and now. The approach also rendered possible the discussion of some of the issues concerned in the public and private uses of buildings.

The corpus of artifacts from the Lagas state constitutes what is arguably the single largest cohesive body of elite representational display forms thus far discovered to have come from Early Dynastic (ED) Sumer. Unlike the equally extraordinary finds from ED levels of Ur, which consist primarily of grave goods and small finds (Woolley 1934; Woolley 1956), what is unique about the finds from Lagas is that the majority of them are programmatic artifacts that were intended to be displayed to specific audiences. Specifically, many of them are relief carvings or, to a lesser degree, statues that were carefully composed and executed in order to encode and transmit carefully constructed messages on the part of individual rulers, or the religious establishment. As such, the ED Lagas corpus is a particularly important record of how one particular group of Sumerian rulers viewed themselves and how the wished to be viewed by others.

Este trabalho condensa extensa pesquisa dos processos de constituição arquitetônica e urbanística da Antigüidade, sustentando a tese de que é possível estabelecer um quadro geral do processo de urbanização da Antigüidade com base no estudo dos ambientes construídos de uso coletivo. Por quadro geral entendemos o produto da decisão metodológica de adoção de parâmetros de longa duração e larga extensão para os ambientes construídos de uso coletivo, a saber do 3º milênio ªC. ao VII d.C., na região da Afreurásia. Propõe, com base em tal recorte metodológico original, reler o mundo clássico em uma perspectiva mais próxima dos sentidos que os homens daquele tempo compartilhavam, com o amparo de testemunhos de época e de resgates arqueológicos, evitando distorções de projeção teleológica e contribuindo para a superação do olhar eurocêntrico dos estudos clássicos de urbanização. O procedimento adotado permitiu o estabelecimento de alguns contrastes críticos sobre os conjuntos urbanos daquele período, entre as concepções daquele universo e as do presente, propiciando novos enfoques para as discussões de hierarquização e transição entre espaços públicos e privados. / This paper summarises extensive research of the processes of constitution of architecture and urbanization in the Ancient world. It presents the thesis that it is possible to outline a general and coherent frame of the urbanization process in the Ancient world based on the study of collective use buildings. By a frame the author refers to the methodological adoption of standards of long view and large extension in the selection of collective use buildings, ranging from the III millenium B.C. to the VII century A.C. and covering the Afro-Eurasian region. This original methodological approach enables the author to interpret the Ancient world from a standpoint closer to the peoples who then lived. The approach is also based on period literary anecdotal records and archaeological finds, which help avoid present day biases and to overcome the problem of parochialism, especially in the eurocentric studies on urbanization of classical civilizations. Such procedure allowed for the identification of some critical contrasts between city buildings and compounds of the Ancient world and between architectural and urban notions present then and now. The approach also rendered possible the discussion of some of the issues concerned in the public and private uses of buildings.

Les effets délétères sur la santé de certaines expositions professionnelles, prises indépendamment, ont été observés dans un large nombre d’études. Pourtant, la prévalence et l'impact de multi-exposition ou co-exposition à des diverses nuisances ont plus rarement été explorée, malgré le caractère ubiquitaire de nombreuses nuisances. Par conséquent, l’étude de multi-exposition/co-exposition dans le cadre professionnel est considérée comme un enjeu majeur de la recherche épidémiologique en santé au travail. Une revue systématique de la littérature concernant le secteur de l’agriculture a été réalisé en s'appuyant sur le titre, le résumé, et le texte intégral des 36.404 articles originaux grâce à 5 bases de données reconnues et 2 sources de données nord-américaines complémentaires. Les résultats des 15 articles inclus suggèrent que l’exposition aux multiples chimiques est significativement associée au risque de maladies respiratoires, de cancers, de dommages sur l’ADN et les cytogénétiques. L’exposition aux multiples physiques a été associée à une augmentation du risque de perte d'audition, tandis que la co-exposition aux facteurs physiques et biomécaniques a été associée à un risque accru de troubles musculo-squelettiques. Aucune étude n'a exploré la co-exposition professionnelle à des facteurs chimiques et physiques, ainsi qu'à la co-exposition professionnelle à des facteurs chimiques et biomécaniques. Les résultats de cette revue de la littérature indiquent la nécessité l’évaluer la prévalence de l’exposition professionnel à des multiples nuisances en France. Les multiple/co-expositions aux agents neurotoxiques chimiques(ANCs) et aux contraintes physiques intenses (CPIs) ont ainsi été analysées chez 5587 hommes ouvriers français des secteurs de l'agriculture, de l’industrie manufacturière, et de la construction à partir de l’enquête nationale transversale SUMER 2010. Environ 6% des ouvriers étaient co-exposés aux ANCs et CPIs dans les trois secteurs étudiés (p = 0,29). La multi-exposition aux CPIs était plus nettement plus fréquente (35%, p <0,001) que la multi-exposition aux ANCs (2%, p <0,001) chez les hommes de trois secteurs. Ces recherches mettent en évidence la nécessité de conduire davantage d’études liées à multi-exposition/coexposition professionnelle. Elles seront essentielles pour améliorer la sécurité au travail et permettre la surveillance et la prévention risques et des maladies professionnelles. / A wide range of studies has demonstrated the relationships between diverse types of occupational exposures,taken independently, and adverse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence and impact of multiple occupational exposures or co-exposures have rarely been explored despite the ubiquity of numerous hazards. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures/co-exposures and their impact on health are considered as a major challenge of epidemiologic research inthe occupational health and safety area. A systematic review concerning the agriculture sector was carried out based on the titles, abstracts and fulltexts screening of 36,404 initial articles from 5 well-known databases and 2 North American complementary sources. The findings from the 15 papers finally included suggested that multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancers, DNA and cytogenetic damages. Multiple physical exposures were shown to increase the risk of hearing loss while co-exposures to physical and biomechanical hazardswere associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, no studies included in the systematic review explored either occupational co-exposures to both physical and chemical factors or occupational co-exposures to biomechanical and chemical factors.The results described in the systematic review raised the necessity to conduct further studies multipleoccupational exposures and co-exposures among workers. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures and coexposures’ prevalences to chemical neurotoxic agents (CNAs) and intense physical constraints (IPCs) were examined among 5,587 French male blue-collar workers (BCWs) in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors based on the cross-sectional and national SUMER 2010 survey. About 6% of male BCWs were co-exposed to IPCs andCNAs in these three sectors (p=0.29). Multiple exposures to IPCs was predominantly observed (35%, p <0.001), while multiple exposures to CNAs was much lower (2%, p <0.001) among male BCWs in three sectors.The findings highlight the necessity to carry out further studies on multiple occupational exposures/coexposures to diverse hazards and their impact on workers’ health. These further researches are required to improve occupational safety and the efficiency of health care surveillance and occupational disease prevention.

Quelle est la nature des mathématiques enseignées dans les classes de l’enseignement secondaire? Dans quelle mesure l’enseignement des compétences n’handicape-t-il pas l’accès à des mathématiques telles qu’en rêvent les enseignants ?Ce qu’on enseigne a les caractéristiques d’un texte, d’une forme scripturale qui présente des différences avec la forme orale d’une société qui ne connaît pas l’écriture. Il apparaît que la formulation des définitions présente un outil performant pour cette analyse. Les investigations empiriques dévoilent, à travers quatre tensions, les difficultés qu’ont les enseignants à faire entrer leurs élèves dans l’apprentissage d’une théorie mathématique. L’analyse des différentes manières de valider ce qu’ils enseignent conduit à montrer dans quelle situation problématique se trouve l’enseignement des mathématiques aujourd’hui. Un remède serait l’apprentissage de la compétence idiomatique.<p><p><p><p>What is the nature of the Mathematics which are taught in secondary education classes (pupils from 12 to 18 years old)? How far does it impair learning mathematics like teachers dream them ?The taught matter shows the features of a text, of a scriptural form showing up differences with the oral form of a society without writing. The formulation of definitions appears to be a powerful tool to perform this analysis. Empirical investigations reveal through four tensions, how hardly the teachers bring their pupils into the learning of a mathematical theory. The analysis of the various ways to validate what they teach leads to show in what serious difficulties is today the teaching of mathematics. A remedy could be the learning of idiomatic competence.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This essay is a comparative study of Judeo-Christian religion and religions from the ancient Middle East, mainly ancient Sumer/Mesopotamia and Egypt, with focus on the common symbols; the serpent, the cow and the tree. The comparison of the three symbols from different religious traditions highlights that there are both key differences and similarities. The differences and similarities are then explained with the help of professor Yair Zakovitch theory inverted reflections stories also referred to as mirror-narratives, which is an intertextual theory. The application of the theory helps to establish that many of the biblical myths are part of a large collection of polemical literature. A strategy within polemics was to invert symbols and motifs from the so called ”pagan” tradition and associate an old well known motif with the opposite meaning in the later biblical reinterpretations, or what Zakovitch identifies as mirror-narratives. The result of this study shows that the theory mirror-narratives is very fruitful in the comparison of Judeo-Christian religion and ”pagan” religions from the ancient Middle East.