This paper uses an exploratory multiple case study research approach to investigate three bottom-up temporary use projects in Malmö. The aim is to provide an understanding of starting processes of temporary use through a project lens with a focus on phases and activities; key stakeholders and motivations; and project key enablers. Regarding temporary use project phases and activities, this study found that there are five steps/phases among the three cases: (1) inspiration; (2) ideation and feasibility; (3) preparation; (4) implementation; and (5) on-going operation. Furthermore, the common key stakeholders found in the projects are founders; landowner; intermediary; authority; temporary user (participant, volunteer, or tenant); researcher; local community; and funding body. Although the stakeholder groups were pretty similar, they engaged in different intensities in different projects. Their different motivations can be grouped in three different groups: personal interest; assigned task; or monetary incentive. Some stakeholders had mixed motivation. Moreover, this paper discovers 14 key project enablers: (1) municipality support; (2) landowner support; (3) intermediary support; (4) financial support; (5) communication & expectation management; (6) network; (7) good planning; (8) community support; (9) openness and engagement; (10) partnership; (11) space and location advantage; (12) project team and entrepreneurial mindset; (13) luck; and (14) influence from the neighbor city. The study recommends creating a municipal temporary use activating unit in order to grow this type of bottom-up movement in the city. This recommendation is in line with the discourse of the researchers in integrating bottom-up temporary use into the strategy and planning level of top-down activities. This research might allow future project leaders to get reference points and guidance for their own bottom-up temporary use projects, as well as provides understanding to researchers who are interested in temporary use and other bottom-up urban development fields.

Smart city as a concept or term is the contemporary buzzword which is referred as a means to deliver urban sustainability. In recent years, different smart city initiatives have emerged worldwide, which are advocated increasingly by the private and public sectors. However, there has been a considerable amount of critiques by social and urban scholars who question the current understanding and practice of the smart city, raising doubt if the current smart city is sustainable. The most frequently mentioned critiques indicate that the current smart city which does not have a common definition and theoretical foundation is intensively dominated by technical perspective and the role of private sector. This thesis aims to find out how this current understanding and application of smart city concept affect the urban planning practices and urban policy-making. By taking Malmö as a case study and conducting policy analyses, the research shows that this trend leads to the project-based practices which in the absence of strategic and holistic vision toward the smart city as a concept might not fulfil sustainability criteria, cannot be a beneficiary means for sustainable urban planning, and is a poor concept for social sustainability. It shows that although private sector is an integral part of smart city practices, public sector -municipality -needs to take a leadership position in defining smart city based on the real city’s demand and integrate it into the urban planning strategies.

The discussion of a ‘cultural’ dimension of sustainability has been brought forward in sustainable development and in particular sustainable urban development (SUD) in the last three decades. Despite both an advancement of scientific discourse and advocacy through international organisations, empirical examples discussing explicitly leadership and organisation for implementation of culture in SUD are still rare. Through the lens of leadership and organisation, important questions regarding norms, values and behavior are being addressed that provide the foundation for future development. To advance empirical knowledge in the described field, the thesis takes a look at the city of Malmö in the form of a case study. In Malmö, culture has been assigned an important and all-encompassing role in the city’s organisation and sustainable development plan, manifested through a local policy, the so called ‘Culture Strategy’. This in-depth study aims at understanding the practical application of culture in SUD, given a theoretical framework including the possible roles of culture in SUD and the meanings of creative organisation and leadership in a neoliberal urban context. It is followed by a comprehensive analysis of a range of official documents and eight semi- structured interviews. Asking for the communication of visions and actors’ roles and understandings of culture in relation to practices and organisational structures, the thesis shows that the cultural strategy so far has a dual function as a catalyst and representative for the discussion of culture in SUD. Over-departmentalisation and a lack of communication present hinders for organisational change and the potential of development through learning is not given adequate space and time so far. In conclusion, the municipal organisation must detach from the idea to control, and rather enable ‘spaces’ for diverse actors to collectively employ creativity and allow for an experimental process to unfold.

Malmö stad ökar snabbt i population och planerar därför att fortsätta den pågående tätbebyggelsen innanför Yttre Ringvägen för att tillgodose boende och arbetstillfällen. Planeringen skapar en osäker framtid för grönytor i Malmö som redan idag har ett av Sveriges lägsta grönyta per capita. Att ha tillgång till kvalitativa grönområden omfattas bland annat av Globala målen. Stadsrum av grönska är många människors vanligaste interaktioner med naturen och är därför viktiga för människans naturkontakt. Studien undersöker arbetet med och åsikter kring att införliva mer vild stadsnatur för syftet att förbättra kvaliteten på Malmös natur i form av biologisk mångfald för att vild stadsnatur ska bidra till en ökad naturkontakt i staden. Arbetet med och åsikter om vild stadsnatur undersöktes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med invånare och stadsutvecklare i Malmö. Studien presenterar fyra teman som uppkommit vid intervjuerna om vild stadsnatur samt om möjligheten att knyta an till naturen i staden: naturkontakt, miljörättvisa, risk samt människans ambivalens gentemot naturen. Resultaten visar att konflikterna kring hur en stadsnatur får se ut samt huruvida en vild stadsnatur är farlig eller inte präglar diskussionen kring hur vi kan skapa en hållbar stadsutveckling om naturen inte får ta plats. Vidare visar diskussionen att man borde utöka arbetet inom stadsplanering med att främja naturkontakt för att den kan leda till miljövänligt beteende som främjar en hållbar stadsutveckling. Kunskapsförmedling om fördelar med vild stadsnatur bör även kommuniceras vidare till invånare för att öka en förståelse och acceptans till vild stadsnatur. / The city of Malmö is rapidly increasing in population and therefore plans to continue the ongoing dense development within the Yttre Ringvägen to accommodate housing and work opportunities. This development creates an uncertain future for green areas in Malmö, which already today has one of Sweden's lowest green areas per capita. Having access to qualitative green areas is covered by the Global Goals, among other things. Urban spaces of greenery are many people's most frequent interactions with nature and are therefore important for people's nature connectedness. The study examines the work with, and opinions about, incorporating more wild urban nature for the purpose of improving the quality of Malmö's nature in the form of biological diversity so that wild urban nature will contribute to increased nature connectedness in the city. The work with and opinions about wild urban nature were investigated through semi-structured interviews with residents and urban developers in Malmö. The study presents four themes that arose during the interviews about wild urban nature and the possibility of connecting with nature in the city: nature connectedness, environmental justice, risk and human ambivalence towards nature. The results show that the conflicts around what an urban nature is allowed to look like and whether a wild urban nature is dangerous or not characterize the discussion about how we can create sustainable urban development if nature is not allowed to take its place. Furthermore, the discussion shows that one should expand the work in urban planning to promote nature connectedness because it can lead to environmentally friendly behavior that promotes sustainable urban development. Knowledge transfer about the benefits of wild urban nature should also be communicated to residents to increase understanding and acceptance of wild urban nature.

With increasing urban expansion and rising global demand for food production, integrating aquaponics within the urban contexts can be considered an alternative sustainable solution to enrich the local production and self-sufficiency. In this research, we aim to study the aquaponics system and provide a design guide for implementing the urban version of the system in the city of Malmo. The design guide will be also practically tested in a form of an architectural proposal at the end of the research. To reach the results, various case studies and academic research were investigated. In addition to other qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as interviews, questionnaire, and ethnographic studies that contributed to making progress during the research’s different phases. The analysis of data was to generate sustainable bases for urban aquaponics that go in line with the city’s conditions and citizens’ aspirations. Accordingly, several methods and techniques were deducted to be used for the sustainable integration of the aquaponics system within the urban context of Malmo. Nevertheless, the integration process can contribute to including other operations with the aim of increasing aquaponics sustainability and solving urban issues within the context. However, the design guide produced in this paper is mainly for the city of Malmo, but it can be adjusted to other social and geographical contexts.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en djupare kunskap och förståelse för den innovativa utvecklingen som sker i samband med förnyelseprojekt i svenska miljonprogramsområden. De för studien utvalda områdena är Råslätt i Jönköping, nordöstra Gårdsten i Göteborg, Drottninghög i Helsingborg och Karlslund i Landskrona med fokus på delområdet Pilängen. Uppsatsen grundar sig i en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med ett hermeneutiskt vetenskapligt synsätt. Analysen är baserad på specifika utvalda detaljplaner för respektive område och det teoretiska ramverket kombinerar Edward Harris och Chauncy Ullmans teori om flerkärnmodellen, Erik Clarks perspektiv på gentrifiering, Jane Jacobs urban design-teori som innefattar centrala begrepp såsom primära och sekundära funktioner samt konceptet ”eyes on the street” och Jan Gehls verk Life Between Buildings, som innefattar ”Gehls tre typer av aktiviteter” och hans perspektiv på trygga miljöer.Undersökningens resultat tyder på att de planlagda förändringarna som synliggjorts i planförslagen i huvudsak har en strävan efter en hållbar och blandad stad. Men vi kan också dra slutsatsen att det pågår en form av gentrifieringsprocess som kan omfatta en generering av utvecklingen av miljonprogramsområdenas befintliga karaktär till ett mer attraktivt stadsdelsområde. / The purpose of the thesis is to gain a deeper knowledge and understanding of the innovative development that takes place in connection with renewal projects in Swedish million program areas. The areas selected for the study are Råslätt in Jönköping, northeastern Gårdsten in Gothenburg, Drottninghög in Helsingborg and Karlslund in Landskrona with a focus on the Pilängen sub-area. The thesis is based on a qualitative content analysis with a hermeneutic scientific approach. The analysis is based on specific selected detailed plans for each area and the theoretical framework combines Edward Harris and Chauncy Ullman's theory of the multi-core model, Erik Clark's perspective on gentrification, Jane Jacobs' urban design theory which includes central concepts such as primary and secondary functions and the concept of “eyes on the street” and Jan Gehl's work Life Between Buildings, which includes “Gehl's three types of activities” and his perspective on safe environments. The results of the survey indicate that the planned changes that have been made visible in the plan proposals mainly have a striving for a sustainable and mixed city. But we can also conclude that there is a form of gentrification process going on that may include a generation of the development of the existing character of the million program areas into a more attractive district area.

Adapting urban planning policies to upcoming effects of climate change is becoming increasingly important to municipalities all over the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how Jönköping municipality prioritizes sustainability dimensions in their planning of waterfront areas, as well as how they implement climate adaptation in their regulatory documents. To achieve the results for this study, a qualitative content analysis with predetermined codes has been used. The predetermined codes are based on a part of the analytical framework of the study, which is “Sustainable urban planning development framework”. The framework consists of four sustainability dimensions, environmental, social, economical, and planning, accompanied by subthemes and codes. Another analytical framework that has been used to analyze the results is the Sustainable Development Goals. The results of the study indicates that Jönköping municipality addresses the sustainability dimensions differently in their planning documents. The results of the study also demonstrates how Jönköping municipality incorporates climate adaptation strategies in a majority of their urban planning documents, with a significant focus on managing future flood risks.

Humanity is facing massive sustainability challenges, such as climate change and the associated loss of biodiversity, water scarcity and food insecurity. Capitalist urbanisation drives furthermore profound transformations in rural and urban areas and thus in the agriculture and food systems, presenting both challenges and opportunities. Urban agriculture as a part of a local food system, where food is produced in an urban area and sold to consumers in that area, presents a new food production model, generating innovative tools to lower agricultural land use, improving resource use efficiency and biodiversity. Consequently, great potential can be attributed to a sustainable transformation of the agri-food system through urban agriculture.  Like many cities around the world, Malmö has recognised the need for sustainable development. Therefore, the city of Malmö has been addressing environmental, social and economic challenges for several years and is committed to a holistic and sustainable urban development. Although the city is aware of the benefits of small-scale urban agriculture, there are no policies that enable the upscaling of urban agriculture in the city. Botildenborg, a sustainable urban farm and meeting place in Malmö, on the other hand, has recognised the potential for sustainable business and development through urban agriculture for several years, by setting itself the goal to increase the local and ecologically produced food within the city through this form of agriculture. Botildenborg serves therefore as a case study of this research.  In order to be able to provide indications for policies to shape the transformation steps towards sustainability within the agri-food system in Malmö, structures and patterns, as well as possible drivers and potential obstacles of a sustainable transition, are examined in the course of this research. The empirical results from qualitative and quantitative data are systematically processed using the multi-level perspective in combination with the urban political ecology.  The results indicate that the identified barriers tend to be structural and are predominantly located in the economic and especially the political sphere. It seems that the non-monetary added value from urban agriculture is not perceived to its full potential by the city of Malmö. Botildenborg is stabilising itself mainly through knowledge sharing and network building, and thus will sooner or later be able, through the movement behind the network, to change the dominant agri-food regime. The rapidity of the transformation depends on the political ii willingness of the city of Malmö to explicitly integrate urban agriculture into its policies and regulations.

There is a need to reduce global carbon emissions in order to limit climate change, especially from the transport sector, as it contributes to a large share of these emissions. This thesis explores carbon emissions from urban freight transport in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden, and the measures and strategies that have been implemented in accordance with the municipalities’ targets. In addition, the involvement of relevant freight transport companies in these issues has been investigated, as well as the challenges and possibilities related to reducing carbon emissions from urban freight transport. Both municipalities have expressed ambitions to adhere to the European Union’s goals of emission reduction. However, based on the observations of this thesis, it is evident that the municipalities have yet to adequately implement impactful measures for urban freight transport, in order to reduce carbon emissions from this sector if they are to achieve their goals. The results show that that Oslo municipality has access to a substantial amount of data and statistics regarding urban freight transport, but is lacking a comprehensive freight plan. Stockholm municipality, on the other hand, has an urban freight transport plan, but is lacking comprehensive data and statistics about urban freight transport. The focus on - and inclusion of - urban freight transport in comprehensive urban planning could be argued to be increasing, but we contend that there is still a need to increase knowledge and understanding regarding emission reduction for urban freight transport across departments and cities, in order to reach a more sustainable future for urban freight transport.

In brownfield regeneration models, extraction sites are often left out of the question because of degradation, severe contamination, or economic viability and are usually abandoned, after the minimal remediations. These exhaustions not only impact the environment and economy in spatial relations but also influence the growth of the communities cultured by them. With millions of abandoned sites around the globe, there is a demand for building a vision that develops - the ideas of emergence and diversification over time and space, as a base framework for similar towns and communities before they disappear. Underpinning the urgent need and evolving theme of ecologies, 'Reclaiming Kiruna' is an investigation of a vision for a post-exhaustion site of Kiruna mine, which is the world's largest underground mine, by developing landscape ecologies in the present framework that builds and adapts with time and space before the mine gets exhausted. The project reveals the concept of landscape as an amalgamation of production and recreation ecologies, synergizing with the existing potentials of nature, resources, and society. The work focuses on translating the knowns and unknowns of three time periods, synced with proposed plans of the New Kiruna settlement area, through programs of care and thinking that involve, engage, and encourage people (of Kiruna) in redefining the image of Kiruna beyond just a mine. The project unfolds new prospects offered by planned urban transformations, mining systems, and changing climate, which are integrated into building new economies and relations. The project is limited by the uncertainty of the future but attempts to initiate a dialogue in finding new positions as urban designers to contest with the present frameworks in building alternatives of change and novelty, for a sustainable future.