Sustainable development has been in focus since late 1980’s and the Brundtland report Our Common Future. But the lack of a detailed common definition of sustainability makes the work for a sustainable urban development difficult. This literature review examines how Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) can be used as tools to help achieve sustainable urban development with focus on the environmental aspect of sustainability. By reviewing former research within the subjects of GIS, RS, DSS and sustainable urban development, the wide potential of how to use GIS, RS and DSS in urban planning are presented. GIS and RS can be used to plan for water usage, actions to decrease air pollution and climate change adaption, and combined with a DSS, the software can help decision makers in the process of planning. Suggestion made are to implement the GIS and DSS early in the planning process, and to base action plan goals on what is realistic, in areas that are in greatest need of sustainability initiatives. There are vast amounts of research made within the subject of DSS and sustainable development, but there is a lack of consensus among the DSS developed, and many stays on the prototype level due to e.g. lack of data and hard to use software. Similar implications are experienced within the subject of GIS and sustainable development, but there are great potential of succeed, when the knowledge of GIS and DSS are spreading among planners and sustainability workers. One of the most important tasks of GIS users today is to inform and develop GIS to be more user friendly and easy to access data.

Indoor Localization Systems (ILS), also known as Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), has been created to determine the position of individuals and other assets inside facilities. Indoor Localization Systems have been implemented for monitoring individuals and objects in a variety of sectors. In addition, ILS could be used for energy and sustainability purposes. Energy management is a complex and important challenge in the Built Environment. The indoor localization market is expected to increase by 33.8 billion in the next 5 years based on the 2016 global survey report (Marketsandmarkets.com). Therefore, this thesis focused on exploring and investigating "depth sensors" application in detecting occupants' indoor positions to be used for smarter management of energy consumption in buildings. An interconnected passive depth-sensor-based system of occupants' positioning was investigated for human-building interaction applications. This research investigates the fundamental requirements for depth-sensing technology to detect, identify and track subjects as they move across different spaces. This depth-based approach is capable of sensing and identifying individuals by accounting for the privacy concerns of users in an indoor environment. The proposed system relies on a fixed depth sensor that detects the skeleton, measures the depth, and further extracts multiple features from the characteristics of the human body to identify them through a classifier. An example application of such a system is to capture an individuals' thermal preferences in an environment and deliver services (targeted air conditioning) accordingly while they move in the building. The outcome of this study will enable the application of cost-effective depth sensors for identification and tracking purposes in indoor environments. This research will contribute to the feasibility of accurate detection of individuals and smarter energy management using depth sensing technologies by proposing new features and creating combinations with typical biometric features. The addition of features such as the area and volume of human body surface was shown to increase the accuracy of the identification of individuals. Depth-sensing imaging could be combined with different ILS approaches and provide reliable information for service delivery in building spaces. The proposed sensing technology could enable the inference of people location and thermal preferences across different indoor spaces, as well as, sustainable operations by detecting unoccupied rooms in buildings. / Master of Science / Although Global Positioning System (GPS) has a satisfactory performance navigating outdoors, it fails in indoor environments due to the line of sight requirements. Physical obstacles such as walls, overhead floors, and roofs weaken GPS functionality in closed environments. This limitation has opened a new direction of studies, technologies, and research efforts to create indoor location sensing capabilities. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of using an indoor positioning system that seeks to detect occupants’ location and preferences accurately without raising privacy concerns. Context-aware systems were created to learn dynamics of interactions between human and buildings, examples are sensing, localizing, and distinguishing individuals. An example application is to enable a responsive air-conditioning system to adapt to personalized thermal preferences of occupants in an indoor environment as they move across spaces. To this end, we have proposed to leverage depth sensing technology, such as Microsoft Kinect sensor, that could provide information on human activities and unique skeletal attributes for identification. The proposed sensing technology could enable the inference of people location and preferences at any time and their activity levels across different indoor spaces. This system could be used for sustainable operations in buildings by detecting unoccupied rooms in buildings to save energy and reduce the cost of heating, lighting or air conditioning equipment by delivering air conditioning according to the preferences of occupants. This thesis has explored the feasibility and challenges of using depth-sensing technology for the aforementioned objectives. In doing so, we have conducted experimental studies, as well as data analyses, using different scenarios for human-environment interactions. The results have shown that we could achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in detecting individuals across different spaces for different actions.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Urbanization is a global trend that is constantly increasing. In Sweden, there are similar patterns where both population and urbanization are expected to increase significantly in the future, wherein cities contribute to several environmental problems, but can also account for many of the solutions. Increasing globalization makes sustainable urban development an important and urgent issue, which Sweden emphasizes the importance of through the national environmental goal "A Good Built Environment". In the mission to create a sustainable urban environment, the local level and thus the municipalities constitute an important part. To study and compare how Nacka and Huddinge municipalities plan for and prioritize sustainable urban development in their comprehensive plans, a qualitative content analysis has been performed. The results of the content analysis have been analyzed through the framework “Sustainable urban planning development framework'' developed by AlQahtany et al. (2013), where this essay has used the framework's four dimensions (environment, social, economy, planning) to answer the problem statements. The results show that the two researched municipalities have an integrated environmental work where all dimensions of the framework are represented in both municipalities’ comprehensive plans, and almost all categories although the distribution of them was usually uneven. The planning dimension was most commonly represented, followed by the social dimension, the environmental dimension and the economic dimension in both municipalities. The main differences between the municipalities' planning were that Nacka municipality had a greater focus on the social dimension compared to Huddinge municipality which had a greater focus on all the other dimensions. / Urbaniseringen är en global trend som konstant ökar och i Sverige återfinns samma mönster där både befolkningsmängd och urbaniseringen förväntas öka avsevärt framöver. Den ökande globaliseringen gör hållbar stadsutveckling till ett viktigt och angeläget problem, eftersom städer bidrar till flera miljöproblem, samtidigt som de även står för många av lösningarna. Även Sverige betonar vikten av hållbar stadsutveckling genom det nationella miljömålet “God bebyggd miljö”. I uppfyllnaden av en hållbar stadsmiljö utgör den lokala nivån och således kommunerna en viktig del. För att undersöka och jämföra uttryck av och prioriteringar inom hållbar stadsutveckling i Nackas och Huddinges översiktsplaner har en kvalitativ innehållsanalys utförts. Resultatet av innehållsanalysen har sedan analyserats utifrån ramverket “Sustainable urban planning development framework” utvecklat av AlQahtany et al. (2013), där uppsatsen har utgått ifrån ramverkets fyra dimensioner (miljö, social, ekonomi, planering) för att besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet visar att kommunerna har ett integrerat miljöarbete där samtliga dimensioner av ramverket finns representerade i båda kommunernas översiktsplaner, och nästintill alla kategorier, även om fördelningen av dem oftast var ojämn. I båda kommunernas översiktsplaner var planeringsdimensionen mest förekommande, följt av den sociala dimensionen, miljödimensionen och den ekonomiska dimensionen. De främsta skillnaderna mellan kommunernas planering var att Nacka kommun hade större fokus på den sociala dimensionen än vad Huddinge kommun hade, samt att Huddinge hade större fokus på övriga dimensioner.

Denna uppsats utgör en explorativ fallstudie om certifieringssystemet BREEAM Communities och dess möjlighet att fungera som ett verktyg för svenska kommuner i plan- och exploateringsprocesser. Sedan ett par år tillbaka pågår de första projekten i Sverige där BREEAM Communities används. Företagen Diligentia och PEAB var först ut att använda verktyget vid utvecklingen av sina stadsdelar Masthusen och Varvsstaden i Västra Hamnen i Malmö. Uppsatsen utgörs i första hand av en kvalitativ intervjustudie med anställda vid Diligentia, PEAB och Malmö Stad, vilken genomfördes våren 2012. Studien kompletterades med två intervjuer med anställda vid Norrköpings kommun, detta eftersom Norrköpings kommun vid tidpunkten för intervjuerna, övervägde en användning av certifieringssystemet vid utvecklingen av stadsdelen Saltängen. Intervjustudien tar utgångspunkt i intervjupersonernas erfarenheter och tankar kring BREEAM Communities’ inverkan på arbetsprocessen och vilka hållbarhetsaspekter som hanteras inom de två projekten i Västra Hamnen. Därefter diskuteras om och hur en kommun skulle kunna använda verktyget i stadsutvecklingsprojekt. I Västra Hamnen kom initiativet att använda BREEAM Communities från de privata markägarna. Dessa uppger att verktyget fungerat som ett stöd i hanteringen av hållbarhetsaspekter i de pågående projekten. Uppsatsen pekar på att BREEAM Communities också kan bidra med fördelar i kommunala plan- och exploateringsprocesser. Vid dessa processer har verktyget potential att fungera som ett stöd och ge inspiration för att integrera hållbarhetsaspekter. Verktygets tillämpbarhet har påverkats av att det är ett relativt nytt verktyg som utvecklas kontinuerligt. Under hösten 2012 lanserades en omarbetad version av verktyget med ett nytt och förenklat upplägg. Utveckling av BREEAM Communities och det faktum att Sweden Green Building Council avser att svenskanpassa och översätta manualen kommer underlätta användningen framöver, oavsett om verktyget används i syfte att certifiera ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt eller endast som stöd och inspiration. / The study aims to explore BREEAM Communities’ potential to be used as a tool within municipal planning in Sweden. Since a few years BREEAM Communities is being applied in two development projects in the Western Harbour in Malmö. The use of the tool was initiated by the private landowners Diligentia and PEAB for the development of Masthusen and Varvstaden. By qualitative interviews with employees at Diligentia, PEAB and Malmö Municipality the experiences of using the tool are being explored. The interviews took place during the spring 2012 and focus on BREEAM Communities’ impacts on the process and the sustainability issues being addressed within the projects, followed by a discussion on the possibilities for a municipality to use BREEAM Communities. Additional interviews with civil servants at Norrköping Municipality gave supplementary perspectives on the possibilities to use BREEAM Communities as a tool within urban planning. Likewise the private landowners express that BREEEAM Communities has been a tool for addressing and integrating sustainability aspects in the development of Masthusen and Varvsstaden, this study indicates that BREEAM Communities has potential to benefit in municipal urban planning. The tool has potential to provide support and inspiration to integrate sustainability aspects from an early stage throughout the process. BREEAM Communities is a rather new tool, and it is continuously developing which has impacts on its applicability. In 2012 a new, simplified and more streamlined scheme was launched. The development of the scheme and the fact that Sweden Green Building Council will make a Swedish adjustment and translation of BREEAM Communities the will simplify the use of tool significantly.

Les éco-quartiers contribuent, depuis la fin du XXe siècle, à l'essor d'un modèle de ville durable à travers le monde. Cependant, si les grands principes théoriques du développement durable font relativement consensus à l'échelle internationale, les modalités de leur application au niveau local sont multiples et diverses. Suite à ce constat, de nombreux acteurs déploient dès la fin des années 2000 des référentiels de suivi et d'évaluation des éco-quartiers. Ces derniers permettent d'orienter la conception et la construction des quartiers durables tout en justifiant les choix retenus, et ce grâce à la mesure de leur performance selon plusieurs critères consensuels et mesurables dans le temps. Ces référentiels, conçus à l'échelle locale et souvent standardisés, sont en outre susceptibles d'être exportés à l'international, indépendamment du milieu naturel et culturel dans lequel ils s'appliquent. Ceci représente un paradoxe vis à vis du concept de développement durable qui promeut l'intégration des projets à un territoire spécifique. Aussi, le travail de thèse interroge l'impact des référentiels d'évaluation sur l'intégration territoriale des éco-quartiers au travers de l'analyse de trois études de cas en France, aux Etats-Unis et au Brésil: Clichy Batignolles localisé à Paris et labellisé EcoQuartier, Melrose Commons développé à New York et certifié LEED-ND, et llha Pura construit à Rio de Janeiro à la fois certifié LEED-ND et AQUA -HQE-A. Notre étude examine également succinctement un quatrième cas, le quartier de Vinhomes Riverside ayant reçu le prix de l'architecture ve1te du Vietnam et construit à Hanoï, dont l'étude n'a pu être complètement aboutie faute d'accès à des données essentielles à notre analyse. Nous énonçons le postulat qu'il existe des divergences entre les objectifs de performance fixés par le référentiel, ceux exigés par les acteurs du projet menant à une évaluation donnée, et enfin la réalité de l'éco-quartier une fois construit au sein d'un territoire plus large. Ces divergences sont particulièrement fortes en cas d'export du référentiel. Elles sont en outre mesurables et témoignent de différences de niveau d'intégration. Aussi, notre recherche s'appuie sur la comparaison des cas selon trois phases à savoir: 1) le choix du référentiel 2) l'évaluation du projet d'éco-quartier par le référentiel dont il estime la performance, et enfin 3) le résultat opérationnel, c'est à dire l'éco­quartier construit. La méthodologie de recherche est multidisciplinaire et déploie des outils associés aux statistiques, à l'ingénierie du territoire, à la géographie, mais aussi à l'analyse architecturale, urbaine et paysagère. Nous observons que les référentiels s'appuient sur diverses stratégies relatives à la sélection et à la mesure d'indicateurs permettant de planifier l'intégration du quartier au sein d'un territoire donné. Cette intégration est néanmoins extrêmement variable non seulement en fonction des critères et des échelles d'analyse choisis, mais aussi des jeux d'acteurs qui adaptent leur démarche aux spécificités d'un site. Les référentiels d'évaluation occultent alors la complexité, et sous-estiment la richesse de la diversité des éco-quartiers contemporains. / Since the end of the 20th century, eco-neighborhoods have contributed to the international development of a sustainable city paradigm. However, while the concept of sustainable development is today the result of an international consensus, its urban applications at the local level are multiple and diverse. Following this observation, many stakeholders have designed neighborhood sustainability assessment tools (NSAT) in the past ten years. The latter contribute to the design and construction of sustainable neighborhoods while justifying stakeholders choices. Those tools also measure the eco-neighborhood performance, using several consensual and measurable criteria over time. Moreover, NSA T which are locally designed and often standardized, are likely to be exported internationally. However, internationally exporting a NSAT designed locally is paradoxical, in relation to sustainable development principles. Our research examines the impact of NSAT on eco-neighborhoods' territorial integration. It analyses three case studies located in France, the United States and Brazil. Clichy Batignolles was developed in Paris and received the EcoQuartier label. Melrose Commons was built in New York and is LEED-ND certified. Ilha Pura is located in Rio de Janeiro, and is both LEED-ND and AQUA-HQE-A certified. Our study also briefly examines a fow1h case. Vinhomes Riverside was built in Hanoi, and received the Vietnam Green Architecture Award. However, our analysis could not be completed due to the Jack of access to essential data. From the data we do have, we extrapolate that there are discrepancies between the objectives set by the NSA T, those requested by the project's stakeholders leading to a given assessment, and finally the reality of the built eco­neighborhood. These discrepancies are more important when the NSA T has been exported. They are also measurable, and enlighten different levels of projects' territorial integration. Our research is based on the comparison of the cases. This comparison is following three steps: 1) analyzing the chosen NSA T 2) studying the eco-neighborhood performance score and 3) analyzing the built project. Our methodology is multidisciplinary and uses tools related to statistics, territorial engineering, geography, and architectural, urban and landscape analysis. We conclude that NSAT use various strategies related to the selection and measurement of indicators to integrate a neighborhood within a given territory. However, this integration is extremely variable. This is not only due to criteria and scale selection, but also to stakeholders who adapt their strategies to their territory. Finally, NSAT conceals urban complexities, and underestimates the diversity of contemporary eco-neighborhoods.

Cargo cycles can play a considerable role in mitigating the negative impacts of urban freight transport while still ensure that the material needs of the city are fulfilled. Their small size, lower operating costs, smaller carbon footprint, lack of tailpipe emissions, and manoeuvrability in congested areas are considerable advantages over traditional urban freight vehicles. However, the advantages of cargo cycles are not inherent in every urban environment and under all conditions. This problematics is in general insufficiently researched and more context specific knowledge is needed. Thus, this study investigates the obstacles and facilitating factors for utilising cargo cycles in urban freight transport in Stockholm, Sweden. To investigate these context specifications, case study approach was employed and consisted of qualitative content analysis, semi-structured interviews, and observations. This study argues that in Stockholm, contradictory forces affect the utilisation of cargo cycles in urban freight transport. On one hand, the facilitating factors are mostly associated with measures of sustainable urban freight transport and sustainable development in general: reaction to traffic situation; strategic orientation of the city; public-private partnership; and bicycle infrastructure. On the other hand, path dependence of the city connected to traditional urban freight vehicles (vans) symbolises obstacles: the absence of direct planning for cargo cycles; lack of recognition; and inconsistency of bicycle infrastructure.

Today we are experiencing an urbanization process at a speed never acknowledged before. With mobilityaccounting for a considered share of the environmental impact of these expanding urban ecosystems, the bicycleassumes an increasing fundamental role in the framework of sustainable development. However, despite gainingrecognition as valuable sustainable transportation alternative, it is still marginalized within a current car-centeredsociety. Collective action around cycling has therefore started to mobilize in order to defend cyclists’ interestsand needs. Yet, there is still limited research on its role on affecting urban development, as well as on its impacton the people who engage in such action. This thesis aims to fill this research gap by focusing on how collective action around cycling has shaped city andpersons. First of all, the collective action framework has been delineated by building on different authorscontributions: in this thesis, collective action has then been defined as an action of the collectivity for thecollectivity through the efforts of both single individuals and organized groups. Three sub-questions haveconsequently been investigated: how collective action changed its own practitioners, transforming theircapabilities and self-perceptions; how collective action has been shaped itself by cyclists group identity; and howsuch action has impacted the development of the city of Stockholm, taken as case study. The methods appliedinclude a literature review to provide relevant background, followed by a qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews. The informants involved were selected based on their engagement in the collective actionof the Stockholm scene, taken as case study due to its rather rapid process and quest in becoming a more bikeablecity. By analyzing their experiences and answers, the study results provide a new perspective on the impact ofcollective action, focusing in particular on the way group identification can strengthen and direct this engagementand on how the latter has contributed to a more personal development of its practitioners. The results build up on and also confirm previous findings in relation to dynamics typical of collective action andgroup identity, applying a more case-related perspective. In regard to its practitioners, collective action has beenfound to have an impact by enhancing a feeling of empowerment, freedom and community, affecting also non-practitioners and benefiting the society as a whole. Group identification resulted to play a significant role inshaping the different kinds of engagement, for example by focusing on contrasting the car hegemony within theurban system; however, consistent differences were found between high and low identifiers. For what concernsthe urban development of Stockholm, collective action has been found to have shaped the city in regards toinfrastructure, policies and organization, thanks to a growing network and political engagement of different actorsand organizations. The deriving increased awareness and recognition represent a core starting point for theachievement of future goals.

Os desafios relacionados à mobilidade têm gerado diversas discussões entre todos os setores da sociedade e têm exercido influência determinante sobre o declínio da qualidade de vida das pessoas. No centro desta discussão está a dificuldade crescente em se acessar os serviços e as oportunidades presentes nas cidades em função das barreiras impostas pelos atuais padrões de mobilidade urbana. Partindo-se do entendimento de que a utilização do uso do modelo atual de mobilidade urbana é uma questão muito complexa, pois está enraizada na cultura em algumas sociedades, a pesquisa se utiliza de uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de um estudo multicasos (AB Volvo; Daimler AG; FIAT Chrysler Automobiles; PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A.; Renault S.A; Volkswagen Group AG) para avaliar como a indústria automotiva nacional se posiciona a partir de um processo de transição em que a mobilidade urbana vem enfrentando, no qual a sustentabilidade também é uma exigência da sociedade. E mais do que isso, o estudo busca avaliar se essa indústria de fato participa direta e ativamente dessa transição ou se posiciona de forma defensiva. O framework fornecido pela abordagem da Perspectiva Multi Nível ou MLP (do inglês MultiLevel Perspective) fornece uma teoria que conceitua padrões dinâmicos globais em transições sócio-técnicas por meio da combinação de conceitos como trajetórias, regimes e nichos e teoria institucional a partir do posicionamento de atores em contextos que se formam a partir de suas próprias ações. Ao apresentar o caso brasileiro e suas particularidades, a tese explora um contexto específico, de um dos principais fabricantes e mercados de consumo do mundo, mas que não conta com uma montadora de capital nacional. Ao focar as montadoras, a tese traz um recorte de um dos principais atores inseridos no processo de transição para a mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The mobility challenges have generated several discussions among all sectors of society and have exercised decisive influence on the decline in the quality of life. In the center of this discussion is the increasing difficulty in accessing services and opportunities in the cities due to the barriers imposed by current patterns of urban mobility. Starting from the understanding that the use of the current mobility model is a very complex issue, because it is rooted in the culture in some societies, the research uses a qualitative approach through a multicases study (AB Volvo, Daimler AG, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, PSA Peugeot Citroën SA, Renault SA, Volkswagen Group AG) to evaluate how the national automotive industry is positioned from a transition process in which urban mobility is facing, in which sustainability is also a requirement of society. And more than that, the study aims to assess whether the fact that industry participate or directly and actively in this transition or it is positioned defensively. The framework provided by the approach of the MLP (MultiLevel Perspective) provides a theory that conceptualizes global dynamic patterns in socio-technical transitions through the combination of concepts like trajectories, schemes and niches and institutional theory from the positioning of actors in some contexts. Presenting the case of Brazil and its particularities, the thesis explores a specific context, an important manufacturer and consumer in the automotive industry, but that does not have a national automaker. By focusing on the automakers, the thesis brings a look of one of the most important actors inserted in the transition process to the sustainable urban mobility.

Este trabalho apresentou um método de avaliação para sistemas de transporte público de uma cidade e da região metropolitana à qual ele pertence. No caso específico deste estudo, a cidade selecionada foi Fortaleza. A avaliação foi realizada do ponto de vista retrospectivo (1992, 2000 e 2010) e prospectivo (2014), com o propósito de destacar a importância da abordagem para o planejamento da mobilidade sustentável. A pesquisa foi motivada pelos crescentes problemas de mobilidade enfrentados pela população nos últimos anos. Projetos de ampliação da infraestrutura viária, bem como de criação de novos sistemas de transportes públicos são propostos com frequência, mas estes raramente são totalmente implantados ou executados. A estratégia de avaliação se baseia no Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS), criado por Costa (2008). A estrutura do índice envolve 87 indicadores, que visam refletir diferentes impactos e perspectivas da mobilidade. Como o foco do estudo foi o transporte público, foram calculados apenas os 22 indicadores diretamente ligados ao tema. Os pesos da estrutura hierárquica foram redistribuídos para o índice resultante, que passou a ser chamado de IMUS-TP. O valor do índice foi calculado para cada um dos quatro anos do período de análise, de forma a avaliar os respectivos níveis de mobilidade urbana sustentável. Em geral, os resultados mostraram melhorias nos valores dos indicadores ao longo do tempo. Alguns indicadores, no entanto, apresentaram problemas. Isto produziu efeitos negativos sobre os valores do índice encontrados para Fortaleza (IMUS-TP, igual a 0,463) e para a região metropolitana (IMUS-TP-RMF, igual a 0,407) em 2010. Mesmo considerando todos os projetos previstos para 2014, os valores de IMUS-TP e IMUS-TP-RMF deverão chegar a apenas 0,612 e 0,500, respectivamente. Estes valores não são altos, mas eles certamente mostram melhorias no sistema de transporte público. Algumas das melhorias esperadas são: priorização do transporte público, investimentos na integração dos sistemas de transporte, subsídios públicos para o sistema de transporte metropolitano, mais interação entre os sistemas de transporte urbano e metropolitano, e procedimentos eficazes para a atualização dos bancos de dados. Os valores do índice mostram que estas medidas, embora importantes porque melhorarão as condições de mobilidade na cidade de Fortaleza e na região metropolitana, não resolverão definitivamente o problema. / This study introduces a method for the assessment of the public transportation systems of a single city and also of the metropolitan region it belongs to. In the case of this particular investigation, the selected city was Fortaleza, Brazil. The evaluation was conducted for three periods in the past (i.e., the years 1992, 2000, and 2010), and one in the future, which is the year 2014. The purpose was to highlight the importance of the approach for sustainable mobility planning. The growing mobility problems faced by the population in the recent past have been the motivation for this research. Projects for road infrastructure improvement and for the creation of new public transportation systems are frequently proposed, but rarely built or fully implemented. The evaluation approach is based on the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM or IMUS, in Portuguese) created by Costa (2008). The index framework involves 87 indicators, which are meant to cover distinct impacts and perspectives of mobility. As the focus of the study was on public transportation, only the 22 indicators directly linked to the subject were calculated. The weights of the hierarchical structure were redistributed to the resulting index, which was then called IMUS-TP. The index value was calculated for each of the four years period of analysis, for assessing the respective levels of sustainable urban mobility. In general, the results showed improvements in the values of the indicators throughout time. Some indicators, however, had problems. This had a negative effect on the index values found for Fortaleza (IMUS-TP, equal to 0.463) and for the metropolitan region (IMUS-TP-RMF, equal to 0.407) in 2010. Even considering all projects proposed for 2014, the values of IMUS-TP and IMUS-TP-RMF are expected to reach only 0.612 and 0.500, respectively. These values are not high, but they certainly show improvements in the public transportation system. Some of the expected improvements are: priorization of public transport, investments in the integration of transport systems, public subsidies to the metropolitan transit system, more interaction between urban and metropolitan transit systems, and effective procedures for the update of databases. The index values show that these measures, although important because they will improve the mobility conditions in the city of Fortaleza and in the metropolitan region, will not be able to definitely solve the problem.