Consumo e Identidad son conceptos que han sido ampliamente estudiados desde las ciencias sociales para entender las razones -e impulsos- por las que el consumidor piensa y actúa. Esta información ha sido aplicada por la publicidad y el marketing para crear estrategias y campañas que generen vínculos relevantes con sus audiencias; sin embargo, el consumidor está en constante cambio y nuevas miradasson necesarias. Este artículo busca profundizar en la naturaleza humana del consumidor enfocada en el adulto joven, pero desde otro sector: la industria cultural. Para ello se toma el caso del Centro Cultural Cine Olaya (CCCO) que se caracteriza por proponer y difundir productos de gran versatilidad y con mensajes cargados de simbolismos y discursos sociales. Todo esto expone al consumidor a una lógica de consumo en constante tensión; la misma que este artículo analiza desde tres dimensiones: (1) las razones que impulsan la compra, (2) el rol identitario que ejerce el consumidor y (3) las maneras de relacionarse con sus pares. Esta investigación fue abordada con el diseño de estudio de caso desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas a profundidad con cuestionarios semiestructurados. La selección de participantes fue de carácter intencional y a través de la técnica de Bola de nieve. En la la entrevista N” 15 se llegó a la saturación teórica. Se concluye que la construcción de la identidad se encuentra en una constante tensión debido a la riqueza simbólica y la versatilidad que ofrece el consumo en los eventos culturales del CCCO. / Consumption and identity are concepts that have been largely studied among the social sciences to understand the reasons -and impulses- in which consumers base their thinking and behavior. This information has been applied by advertising and marketing for creating strategies and campaigns that build relevant bonds with their audiences. However, consumers are in constant change and new perspectives are always needed. This academic paper seeks to deepen the human nature of consumers addressing young adults, but from another field: the cultural industry. To this effect, this research takes the Centro Cultural Cine Olaya as the case study. This cultural space stands out for proposing and promoting high-versatility products full of symbolisms and social discourses. All of this exposes the consumer young adult to a logic of consumption in constant tension whom this article analyzes since three dimensions: (1) reasons of purchase, (2) identity role practiced by the consumer, and (3) ways of relationship with themselves and their peers. This research was designed as a case study from a qualitative perspective. In-depth interviews were used with semi-structured questionnaires. Participants were intentionally selected in the beginning and then the technique Snowball was used. Theoretical saturation was reached in the 15th interview. It is concluded that the construction of identity is in constant tension due to the symbolic richness and versatility that consumption offers in the cultural events of the CCCO. / Tesis

This thesis focuses on the definition of the term postmodern marketing in the area of marketing literature. The postmodern marketing aims adaptation of innovative marketing strategies to specific changes in society and consumer behavior. In this context, there are introduced concepts as tribality, hyperreality, fragmentation or increased activity during the perception of consumers etc., in order to demonstrate described changes. Because the postmodern marketing is closely linked to the symbolism and meanings of consumption, this thesis includes the application of specific semiotics approaches and brand development with an emphasis on the fact that the brand itself is made up of sum of aspects, such as the logo or products, but its value is also constructed by meanings with which consumers associate the brand. The next part is devoted to community marketing and communication via social networking sites such as progressive approach that is able to connect the issues of the previous chapters (reaction to changes in society and consumers' requirements and space for the construction of the symbolic value of the brand). The summary of these individual components is described in the conclusion, in the case study analysis from ILP in order to examine whether it is possible to build a successful marketing...

本文以新消費工具的概念研究台灣消費社會，此概念原本為George Ritzer所提出，分析消費場所如何透過其所具有的理性化（效率、可預期性、可計算性、控制）及魅化（驚奇，包含擬像與內爆）特性吸引消費者消費。不過本文除了在全球化的部分採取與Ritzer不同的「全球在地化」觀點外，另外還增加了「生活風格」及「體驗」的概念，以補充原本的新消費工具概念不足之處，透過這兩個概念，資本家連原本屬於消費者意識的部分也都悄悄納入新消費工具的範圍之中，在這個消費者意識高漲的時期，使消費者以為他們在創造自我體驗經驗及自我品味展現的同時，實際上卻是被資本家所剝削的而不自知，而這兩點也成為新消費工具最有用的驚奇之一。 在本研究中，不僅敘述了台灣新消費工具的發展過程，也試著以新消費工具的概念實際觀察在台灣的統一星巴克，分析其如何透過理性化及魅化的特性吸引消費者。本研究還發現，由於星巴克的盛行，造成台灣消費者在生活風格上產生了一些改變，分別是：咖啡飲用行為的改變；新中產階級星巴克人的誕生；高品質的咖啡連鎖店的普及。 最後，由於實際採用新消費工具觀察的結果，發現現在的新消費工具某些地方無法用Ritzer的新消費工具概念解釋，原因可能是由於消費者的喜好不斷在改變，所以新消費工具為滿足消費者的喜好，達到吸引消費者的目的，因此必須不斷地因應時代潮流而加以自我改造，因為新消費工具模式的轉變必定根據當前消費社會所注重的特質而改變，例如對於符號意義的強調從原本的功能主義轉為奢華主義；從注重消費大眾轉為針對特定生活風格的小眾以及體驗的設計從量的體驗漸漸轉為質的體驗，如此新消費工具才能夠持續吸引消費者而不致於被消費社會所淘汰。因此本研究從符號消費、生活風格及消費者體驗這三個面向討論新消費工具模式轉變的過程，在最後嘗試將新消費工具區分為「M式新消費工具」與「S式新消費工具」以幫助我們更清楚地說明消費社會的轉變。

Research question: To examine what aspects affect some consumers to avoid e-bikes and others to desire them. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to see if e-bikes have a symbolic value. We aim to see if e-bikes is associated as an environmentally friendly product. We will examine stereotypes and brand avoidance. Further we will see what attributes consumers associate with typical users of e-bikes. Theory: To test our research question we chose our main theory of the matching process between self-image and typical user. Prior studies on e-bikes in areas as typical users and environment were analyzed. Previous studies on e-bikes were analyzed in areas such as environment and typical users. Methodology: A survey was made on two groups who are underrepresented in sales of ebikes. Students aged 21-30 and cycling enthusiasts. Results and conclusions: • We found that e-bikes have symbolic value. • Many respondents perceive e-bike users as environmentally friendly, comfortable and lazy. • E-bikes being perceived as environmentally friendly can be a pre-purchase indicator for students, but not for cycling enthusiasts • Different groups of students have conflicting user imagery, one group describe e-bikers as lazy, and another group describe e-bike users as healthy • The stereotype that e-bike users are old is not very frequent • Viewing e-bike users as lazy influences impacts the perceived value and are likely to lead to brand avoidance

在消費意識與消費型態的歷史更迭中,馬克思所架構的批判情境,已經有所轉變,尤其在後現代社會中,資本主義的宰制性更出現了不同於以往的情形,因此本篇論文期望藉著對消費領域的探討,了解消費主義在早期及現代資本主義中所扮演的角色,並剖析消費社會的壟斷機制之運作邏輯,是否產生質變與量變.在論文的安排上,首先介紹消費主義的各種理論觀點,再討論資本主義的壟斷本質,分別以馬克思主義,法蘭克福學派和後現代主義,來釐清資本主義的壟斷機制;另外進入符號消費的後現代社會,探討人們在虛構的享樂世界中,追求想像式的歡愉, 發覺當現代社會進入後工業階段,馬克思所痛訴的資產階級對生產領域的壟斷, 未曾消失,資產階級對人們的控制,反而橫跨在生產和消費兩大領域.

Background. Previous research on the investigation of brand personality (BP) can be found to use the personification metaphor of brands through celebrities, occupations and animals. Brand image research aims to discover the human characteristics attached to a brand. In this regard, the author suggests that as music can tell much of the personality of a person, then it would be possible to know the personality of a brand through music. The rationale behind is that music elicits “extramusical” information, such as emotions, values, dress codes and stereotypes of people; in relation to musical-genres. Purpose. This research aims to explore how music can help to produce brand knowledge. In particular how the extramusical information conveyed by musical-genres can be used as language to talk about the personality of a brand. Methodology. The empirical research was developed within an Interpretive research paradigm to learn from the perspective of consumers of hip-hop music in Sweden, how brand knowledge can be obtained from music as cognitive schema (CS). The data was gathered using a mixed-method research design. Two different projective techniques were employed in group sessions. On one session (N=11), visual collages were used to visually represent the brands using images of musicians and their description with brand personality traits. The second session (N=12) consisted of an associative task using music, followed by the application of the brand personality scale. The interpretation and analysis of findings was done through the triangulation of the methods’ data. Conclusions. The use of music genres as CS to produce brand knowledge can provide insightful information on the lifestyle and type of users that buy, consume or wear the brand. Extramusical information helps understand characteristics of BP through the lifestyle and profile of the musician or music-fan that was associated with the brand. In particular, brand knowledge can be gained in terms of demographic and psychographic characteristics associated to the brand. However, several theoretical implications for further research were identified in order to consolidate the BP/consumer/music relationship.

現代消費社會籠罩在濃厚的符號性消費氛圍之下，「家具」也從純功能性的物件轉變為符號價值高的象徵性消費商品。本研究以Roland Barthes的圖像符號理論為基礎，試圖分析台灣的家具平面廣告，探究這些廣告的符號運作原則，以及隱含於家具消費背後的社會文化價值。從居家設計雜誌《ARCH雅砌》與《室內interior》中選取二十三則家具廣告，並依據廣告的主題與文本特性分為五個類別，進行深入分析。本研究發現，家具平面廣告的圖像訊息常依循「堆疊引申」與「二元對立」兩種意義建構過程，自然化物件的並置，堆砌出各種符號指涉系統；此外，在家具廣告中，文字訊息能同時對圖像訊息產生預設意義與情境意義的功能，但多對圖像進行「預設意義」的作用。本研究進一步發現，多數的家具廣告未建構出一個「家庭」的氛圍，而僅是搭築一個富含指涉意義的家具展示空間，利用這個空間極力強調西方文化的優越性，而西化的氛圍指涉了高級的生活型態。最後，研究結果顯示，在家具消費的領域中，社會階層、品味與文化資本皆影響了消費者行為，驗證了Baudrillard與Bourdieu等學者的符號消費理論。 / Modern society operates behind a shroud of symbolic consumption. Home furniture consumption, as an example, has been altered from purely functional to highly symbolic. Based on Roland Barthes’ pictorial semiotic theory, this paper attempts to analyze the print advertisements of furniture in Taiwan in order to clarify the signifying process of these furniture print ads and the socio-cultural values embedded in the Taiwan’s furniture consumption. Twenty-three print ads selected from popular design magazines, Arch and interior, are categorized into five groups according to their thematic and textual characteristics. The research finds that the iconic messages of these print ads are mostly in the pattern of “refrain” and “binary-opposition” utilizing “naturalization of objects” to construct symbolic meanings. Furthermore, the meaning of iconic message is frequently restrained by the linguistic message in terms of “anchorage,” although both “anchorage” and “relay” may both function in the print ad simultaneously. Most of the furniture advertisements didn’t construct a “home” atmosphere, but only a space to display furniture products and build rich referential meaning. The superiority of western culture is strongly emphasized; westernized ambience signifies the high-class life style. Finally, the research results indicate that in the case of furniture purchase, consumer behavior involves social class, taste, and cultural capital, which confirm Baudrillard’s and Bourdieu’s theories of symbolic consumption.

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本研究主要探討商標符碼消費行為的影響變數,試圖了解消費者進行商標符碼消費之動機及意圖,研究發現:消費者自我表達消費動機.消費者自我認同達成度.消費者社會化學習程度.品牌偏好度...對商標符碼消費行為有顯著影響.