[pt] Este estudo investiga a construção das identidades de uma professora de inglês, por meio das manifestações de suas crenças em conversas sobre material didático. A pesquisa fundamenta-se em teorias socioconstrucionistas de identidade, que concebem a construção identitária como um fenômeno fluido, múltiplo e fragmentado; gerado no discurso, situado no contexto e no curso das interações; e construído em termos de semelhança e diferença (DUSZAK, 2002; MOITA LOPES, 2002, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005; BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2005; HALL, 2005). O arcabouço teórico também toma por base a abordagem sociossemiótica de linguagem da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1989, 1994) e segue uma metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2000). O trabalho foi conduzido em cima de um estudo de caso com uma professora de inglês durante reuniões realizadas para discussão sobre o novo material proposto para o curso infantil de uma escola de idiomas do Rio de Janeiro, da qual eu era coordenadora do segmento à época. Os dados foram analisados sob a ótica da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, principalmente com o ferramental de análise do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN, 2000; MARTIN; WHITE, 2005; VIAN JR., 2009), e sinalizam que o afeto, o julgamento e as apreciações permeiam as crenças que contribuem para os processos identitários da professora participante. Durante as conversas, a participante (co)construiu e (re)construiu suas identidades, refletindo como ela se vê profissionalmente e como ela se relaciona com as outras participantes das reuniões, assim como com os outros professores da instituição e com os alunos. / [en] This study aims at investigating the construction of the identities of an English teacher, through the manifestations of her beliefs on talks about textbooks and instructional materials. The research is based upon socioconstructionist identity theories which conceive identity construction as a fluid, multiple and fragmented phenomenon, which is generated in discourse; situated in the context and in the course of the interactions; and built in terms of similarity and difference (DUSZAK, 2002; MOITA LOPES, 2002, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005; BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2005; HALL, 2005). The theoretical framework is also built on the sociosemiotic approach of language proposed by the Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1989, 1994) and follows a qualitative methodology of research (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2000). The work was carried out upon a case study with an English teacher during meetings held to discuss the new materials proposed for the new childrens course at a language school in Rio de Janeiro, where I was the academic coordinator in charge of the segment then. The data were analyzed under the light of the Systemic-Functional Linguistics, mainly with the analytical tools of the Appraisal Theory (MARTIN, 2000; MARTIN; WHITE, 2005; VIAN JR., 2009), and they indicate that affection, judgment and appreciation permeate the beliefs which contribute to the teachers identity processes. During these talks, this participant (co)constructed and (re)constructed her identities, reflecting how she sees herself professionally and how she engages with the other participants in the meetings, as well as with the other teachers in the institution and with the students.

The purpose of this study is to examine how three volunteer organizations present volunteer projects on their websites to identify who is constructed as central in the description of the project and which role is created for the reader. This study uses Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and Post-colonial theory as a theoretical framework to analyze visual and textual elements from three project descriptions. The findings indicate that the project descriptions of two of the organizations highlight the volunteer worker, while at the same time using a tourism discourse in creating the reader’s role. The findings also show that the third organization highlights the beneficiaries of the volunteer work, while creating the reader role of a friend. Additionally, the findings indicate the existence of underlying collective beliefs that can be connected to post-colonial structures in two of the project descriptions but not in the third. The conclusion is that who is highlighted, and the role created for the reader, differ between the three organizations. Two of the organizations focus more on the volunteer worker, and this coincides with the occurrence of Othering. The third organization focus more on the beneficiaries, with no occurrence of Othering.

This exploratory case study research was conducted with a view to exploring how teachers teaching emergent bilingual students in ESL programs can enact the principles of culturally sustaining systematic functional linguistics (CS SFL), such as critical centering, historicizing, curricularizing, teaching and learning cycle (TLC), and semantic waving in their classrooms. Two middle school teachers participated in the study and used CS SFL principles to teach their emergent bilingual students. I gathered data for the study through non-participatory observations, semi-structured interviews, informal talks with the teachers, usually right after their classes, and artifacts from teachers and students. The thematic analysis of the data demonstrated that teachers could recognize their students' ways of knowing and being by (a) translanguaging between English and Spanish seamlessly in their classrooms; (b) centering their students' lifeways, prior knowledge, and lived experiences by making them the parts of their curricula; (c) using TLC for creating dialogic interactions between teachers and students and among students; (d) positioning their students through strength perspectives; and (e) using multimodal and multi-semiotic means of communication so that their students can understand their content area knowledge and express their ideas even if their English language is emerging. The teachers faced tensions about whether to reject or perpetuate the monolingual and monocultural ideologies expressed through English language requirements that emergent bilingual students should meet in order to succeed academically. Similarly, they reported that they had challenges in preparing students for high-stakes testing and offering their support for the students sent to in-school suspension (ISS).

This study investigates how six writing-instructions aimed at third-year students in upper secondary school, resulting in high student performance, are designed. The aim was to identify common patterns of speech acts and text activities in the writing-instructions and to examine how clearly these communicate what is expected of students. To address this, a qualitative analysis of the six writing-instructions was conducted using tools from systemic-functional grammar: speech act and the concept of text activity. The analysis results show that the writinginstructions primarily communicate through the speech acts of statement and command. The speech act statement is used to provide information about the requirements and expectations of the task, while the speech act command structures the instructional part. The congruent use of speech acts demonstrates that all writing-instructions clearly convey their message. The framing text activity of explanation is used in all writing-instructions, providing a clear guidance, and writing frameworks, and is clarified and reinforced by the embedded text activity of description. The study results suggest that writing-instructions that clearly communicate expected content, structure, and writing frameworks correlate with higher student performance. Further research could expand this study with either a larger sample or in combination with an interview study.

In this thesis, we leverage Edgar Schein’s (1992) organizational culture framework alongside multimodal discourse analysis to identify textual and visual cues that reveal CEOs’ organizational culture mindsets. We analyze 72 LinkedIn posts from Swedish unicorn startup CEOs in 2022-2023 to explore whether the scholarly assumptions about organizational culture mindsets of successful startup leaders will be reflected in our analysis. Our findings indicate that our developed novel analytical framework effectively identifies how CEOs’ LinkedIn communication reveals their innovation, growth-oriented, visionary, equality, hierarchical and appreciation mindsets. We also discover inconsistencies between text and image communication in our data. By making the process of how CEOs implement various textual and visual tools to construct their posts explicit, we help CEOs and their stakeholders gain a better understanding of the effects of these choices and the implicit meanings that are created in this process. Finally, we open the door for further research on organizational culture mindsets that are revealed through CEO communication, contributing a new dimension to research on CEO communication on social media.

This study uses the framework of systemic functional grammar to conduct the stylistic investigation of extracts from two texts of literary criticism written by F.R. Leavis and Paul de Man. The aims of the study are: i) to identify the characteristic features of the type of text known as professional literary criticism, and interpret the ideological significance of the textual features thus identified; ii) to identify the characteristic features of two specific registers of literary criticism, liberal humanist criticism and deconstruction, and interpret the relationship between linguistic and ideological variation -as exemplified in the texts which are analysed- and power. The features which make systemic functional grammar a powerful tool in stylistic analysis are identified, and a review of the applications of systemic grammar to text analysis is presented. A model of the relationship between text and context is presented, and its key terms and their relationship (discourse, ideology, genre, register, language) are discussed. The analysis of extracts from literary critical texts is conducted according to the three main features of the context of situation as identified in systemic grammar: field (subject matter of the discourse), tenor (participants in the discourse) and mode (medium of the discourse). Finally, the study considers the implications and applications of the conclusions drawn, particularly those that relate to the academic institution within which literary critical texts are produced and read. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

This thesis aims to elucidate the translation process by devising a way of retrieving evidence of this process from its output. It further aims to assess the claims made by some scholars concerning the possible existence of Translation Universals. In order to isolate the interaction of texts and contexts, a corpus of American short stories was created, with their translations into Persian published after the 1979 Revolution. Three complementary methodologies gave a rounded picture: (1) Corpus-based Descriptive Translation Studies; (2) The pragmatic and rhetorically-based approach of Thinking Translation devised at St Andrews; and ‎(3) The analytical framework mostly established by Halliday in his Systemic Functional Grammar.‎ Approaching the process of translation in the specific order devised in this thesis provided four vantage points to analyse the data in a systematic way from linguistic, discourse, cultural and literary views before reaching what are at once the most personal and most characteristic aspects of a translator's work. The research begins with a literature review of the field and an account of linguistic constraints and of all Translation Universals hypothesised so far, followed by an extensive analysis of data in two consecutive chapters. With reference to the choices made in this corpus, it is discussed in the Conclusions chapter that most of the Translation Universals so far claimed are not in fact universal. It is the role of the translator which has emerged as the determining factor in producing a translated text, and thus as the key to resolving the issues explored in this thesis. It seems there are no constraints beyond the translator's reach, and there are no parameters which do not involve the translator, who introduces his or her own choices, or manipulates certain parameters. Only when they have done so, will the translation, as both process and product, be accomplished.

The overall aim of this study is to explore how people who have experienced events in the past re-contextualize these same events in the present. We analyse the discourse of the public trial in 1985 against the members of the first three Argentine military juntas in the most recent dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983). The study focuses on the discursive construction of civil responsibility. We examine the discourses of the witnesses that were called to testify at the trial by the defence attorneys of the accused Jorge Rafael Videla and Roberto Eduardo Viola, former de facto presidents of Argentina. The analysed testimonies concerned a specific event during the dictatorship, namely the meetings between the military junta and civil actors that were held in 1979 and 1980 with the declared purpose to create political dialogue between the military and selected parts of the civil society. Prior to the trial, these political dialogue meetings had not been considered to be particularly important in the history of the dictatorship, but the testimonies at the trial draw attention to the responsibility of civil actors in the crimes committed during the military dictatorship. In this study we investigate this theme in a novel way, focusing on the discursive tools used by civilians at the trial to explain their involvement in the dictatorship. We adopt the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). To establish relationships between social and linguistic aspects, we include the concepts of intertextuality, discursive strategies, appraisal and legitimation. The main research questions are: 1) How do people represent linguistically a historical event when they find themselves in a new historical context? 1a) What discursive representation of the latest Argentinean dictatorship are made by the participants (witnesses, judge, defence and prosecutor) in the trial against the military junta leaders in 1985?; 1b) What intertextual influences are present in the interactants’ discourses during the interrogations, and in what way do these discourses contribute to legitimise the historical past?; 1c) What language resources do the civilian witnesses use to represent the Armed Forces and the armed rebel groups)? and 2) In what way do the witnesses reconstruct their role in the political dialogue meetings, or more specifically, what linguistic resources do the witnesses use to represent themselves in relation to the responsibility of civilians in the military dictatorship? The results show that the witnesses, in general, interpreted the recent past of Argentina using discourses that on the one hand condemned the violence caused by the armed rebel groups and on the other hand justified the interference of the Armed Forces. These discourses were used in the construction of a positive identity of both the witnesses as individuals and the institutions to which they belonged. Furthermore, their discourses legitimized their own actions, when these supported the Armed Forces in their “war on subversion”. The overwhelming majority of the witnesses tried to evade the questions meant to clarify their responsibility on the events of the dictatorship. Most of the witnesses, during the interrogation tried to find discursive strategies and linguistic resources that could hide their support to the Armed Forces during the regime and they did not reveal clearly their position regarding the military illegal actions during the dictatorship. / Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general estudiar cómo sujetos que han vivido eventos en el pasado recontextualizan estos mismos eventos en el presente. Más específicamente queremos estudiar la construcción discursiva de la responsabilidad civil en la más reciente dictadura argentina, en el contexto del juicio a los excomandantes, realizado en 1985. Analizamos los discursos de los partidos políticos, los sindicatos y el sector empresarial (representado por la Cámara de Comercio Argentina). Estos actores fueron citados a declarar como testigos en el juicio a pedido de las defensas de los acusados Jorge Rafael Videla y Roberto Eduardo Viola. El tema principal en los interrogatorios fueron las reuniones de apertura del diálogo político, convocadas por el expresidente de facto Videla, a fines de 1979. Estas reuniones se proponían iniciar el proceso de redemocratización del país y revisar los hechos de la dictadura. En este trabajo, queremos contribuir a la comprensión de cómo se construyen eventos del pasado en el marco de una práctica discursiva particular; asimismo, queremos hacer un aporte en lo que se relaciona con la construcción discursiva de periodos traumáticos sobre los que no hay consenso. El enfoque adoptado se sustenta en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) (Fairclough 1992b, 1997; van Dijk 1993, 1999; Wodak 1997) y en la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional (LSF) (Halliday 1994), de donde surge la Teoría de la Evaluación (Martin 2001; White 2001; Martin y White 2005). Incluimos, además, la noción de representación de actores sociales (van Leeuwen 1996). Asimismo, con el objetivo de ampliar los alcances del análisis, incluimos la noción de intertextualidad (Kristeva [1966] 1986; Bakhtin 1981 y Fairclough 1992a, 1992b) y estrategias discursivas (Reisigl y Wodak 2001). Las preguntas que guían la investigación son: 1) ¿Cómo hacen actores que han participado en un acontecimiento histórico en el pasado la representación discursiva de esos mismos eventos en otro momento histórico?; 1a) ¿Cómo construyen discursivamente los actores involucrados en el juicio a los excomandantes la representación de la más reciente dictadura argentina?; 1b) ¿Qué influencias intertextuales predominan en los discursos de los interactuantes durante los interrogatorios y de qué modo legitiman esos discursos la última dictadura en Argentina?; 1c) ¿Mediante qué recursos lingüísticos realizan los testigos civiles la representación de los actores sociales protagonistas de esa historia (a saber, las Fuerzas Armadas y los grupos armados)?; 2)¿De qué modo llevan a cabo los testigos la reconstrucción discursiva del papel que desempeñaron en las reuniones de apertura del diálogo político o, más específicamente, mediante qué recursos lingüísticos se representan a sí mismos los testigos en relación con la responsabilidad civil en la dictadura, en el contexto del juicio? Los resultados muestran que el rol institucional de los participantes en el juicio enmarcó el modo de recontextualización de los sucesos del pasado y la representación de los actores sociales involucrados en ellos. De un modo general, los testigos hicieron la interpretación del pasado reciente de la Argentina utilizando discursos que condenaban la violencia practicada por los grupos armados, por un lado, y justificaban la interferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, por otro. El uso de estos discursos contribuyó a la construcción de una identidad positiva de los interactuantes tanto a nivel individual como institucional, dependiendo de quién narraba los eventos. La evocación de discursos paralelos al juicio legitimaba al gobierno de facto y, al mismo tiempo, las acciones de los testigos, toda vez que estas estuviesen relacionadas con el apoyo dado a las Fuerzas Armadas en lo actuado durante la “guerra antisubversiva”. Una gran mayoría de los testigos intentó evadir las preguntas que querían elucidar cuestiones en torno a la responsabilidad que pudieran haber tenido bajo la dictadura. Concluimos que la mayor parte de los testigos se posicionó de manera poco clara en cuanto a su relación o postura acerca de la actuación militar ya que durante todo el interrogatorio intentaron encontrar recursos y estrategias discursivas que encubriesen el apoyo que habían dado a las Fuerzas Armadas durante la dictadura.

[pt] O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a construção do posicionamento autoral em textos dissertativo-argumentativos produzidos por alunos do Ensino Médio, reconhecendo esta prática discursiva como espaço sociossemiótico de elaboração de estratégias argumentativas e negociação de significados. Considerando a escrita como atividade consciente, planejada, pensada e repensada, a presente pesquisa tem como suporte teórico: a perspectiva de linguagem proposta pela Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday e Hassan, 1989; Halliday e Matthiessen, 1999; Eggins, 2004; Gouveia, 2009); o Sistema da Avaliatividade (Martin e White, 2005; Vian Jr, 2002); o estudo de Gêneros (Martin, 1992; Bakhtin, 1992; Miller, 1994) e teorias de Argumentação (Breton, 1999; Abreu, 2003). Textos dissertativo-argumentativos elaborados por alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, que simulam redações propostas em exames de vestibular, foram selecionados para a investigação da construção do posicionamento do autor. Os resultados indicam que recursos da Avaliatividade operam como potencializadores da construção do posicionamento do autor, atuando como possíveis estratégias argumentativas. Como contribuição teórica, a análise dos dados sugere uma estreita relação entre o potencial de significados da linguagem e o potencial argumentativo de um texto, realizada através de escolhas semânticas e lexicais aliadas a estratégias argumentativas, que resultam em potenciais de significados argumentativos. Logo, de acordo com este estudo, é possível tecer um paralelo entre a abordagem de linguagem proposta pela Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional e o estudo da argumentação. Implicações do estudo apontam para a latente necessidade de fazermos uso da abordagem Sistêmico-Funcional e da Avaliatividade em sala de aula, no ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa, principalmente no que se refere à Produção Textual. / [en] The purpose of this study is to investigate the construction of authorial positioning in written argumentative texts produced by 12th grade students, regarding this discursive practice as a social semiotic space for creating strategies of argumentation and meaning negotiation. Considering writing as a conscious, planned and carefully thought activity, this research is theoretically supported by: the language perspective proposed by Systemic Functional-Linguistics (Halliday e Hassan, 1989; Halliday e Matthiessen, 1999; Eggins, 2004; Gouveia, 2009); the Appraisal System (Martin e White, 2005; Vian Jr, 2002); Genres Studies (Martin, 1992; Bakhtin, 1992; Miller, 1994) and theories of Argumentation (Breton, 1999; Abreu, 2003). Argumentative texts written by 12th grade students, which simulate compositions proposed in university entrance exams, were selected in order to investigate the construction of authorial positioning. Results indicate that Appraisal resources enhance the argumentative potential in the construction of authorial positioning, acting as possible strategies in the argumentation process. Considering the theoretical contribution, data analysis suggests a close relationship between language meaning potential and text argumentative potential, which are realized through semantic and lexical choices and are related to strategies of argumentation that result in argumentative meaning potentials. Therefore, according to this study, it is possible to create a parallel between the language perspective proposed by Systemic Functional-Linguistics and studies of argumentation. Implications of the study point to the latent necessity of using the Systemic-Functional and Appraisal frameworks in the classroom, in the teaching-learning of Portuguese Language, mainly in relation to the Written Production.

[pt] Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar as (re) construções identitárias de uma licencianda no estágio na comunidade de prática de Inglês para Fins Específicos (IFE) a qual pertenço, como parte da busca de entendimentos sobre esse contexto. Para tanto, os dados foram gerados ao longo do semestre que a estagiária compartilhou conosco e eles englobam participações orais e escritas, nas quais foram analisadas suas identidades, que parecem emergir de suas escolhas na linguagem para interpretar o que ela estava vivenciando durante o estágio. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativo-interpretativista (ERICKSON, 1986; DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006) e desenvolvida dentro da Linguística Aplicada (MOITA LOPES, 2006, 2013), esta pesquisa se baseia em uma perspectiva socioconstrucionista de identidades (MOITA LOPES, 2003; BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2005) e sua relação com crenças (BARCELOS, 2006) e emoções (BARCELOS, 2012; ZEMBYLAS, 2004), em conjunção com o prisma da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (THOMPSON, 2014a; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014; EGGINS, 2004; GOUVEIA, 2009) e do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005; VIAN JR, 2009). A partir desse arcabouço teórico, as análises e discussões sugerem que há novas construções e reformulações significativas nas identidades da estagiária, que emergem discursivamente, principalmente dentro do domínio do afeto. Além disso, é possível interpretar que o estágio supervisionado e as experiências e interações na comunidade de prática de IFE foram essenciais nessas (re) construções, especialmente como professora, com identidades, crenças e emoções interconectadas. O processo de questionamento, análise e reflexão dessas identidades e sua relação complexa com crenças e emoções contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de entendimentos para nossa comunidade de prática, como também promoveu oportunidades de aprendizagem mútua e a curiosidade por outras questões, que podem nos motivar a continuar na pesquisa constante sobre esse contexto de forma mais dinâmica e inclusiva. / [en] The aim of this study is to investigate the identity (re) constructions of a student-teacher in the practicum in the community of practice of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) that I belong to as part of the search for understandings about our context. In order to accomplish such objective, data generated throughout the semester the student-teacher shared with us encompass oral and written participations in which the identities were analysed and they seemed to emerge from the choices in language to interpret what she was living during the practicum. This interpretative-qualitative research (ERICKSON, 1986; DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006) is in the area of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006; 2013) and it is aligned with social constructionist theories of identity (MOITA LOPES, 2003; BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2003, 2005), beliefs (BARCELOS, 2006) and emotions (BARCELOS, 2012; ZEMBYLAS, 2004). It is also in interface with the principles of Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) and the Appraisal System (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005; VIAN JR, 2009). Based on this theoretical framework, the analysis and discussions suggest that there are new constructions and significant reformulations in the student-teacher s identities, which emerge discursively, mainly within the domain of affect. In addition, it is possible to interpret that the practicum and the experiences and interactions in our community of practice of ESP were essential in her (re) constructions, especially as a teacher, and they include interconnected identities, beliefs and emotions. The process of questioning, analysing and reflecting on these identities and their complex relation to beliefs and emotions has contributed to the development of understandings for our community of practice. It also fostered opportunities for mutual learning and the curiosity for other inquiries that can motivate us to continue the constant research about this context in a more dynamic and inclusive way.