A presente tese de doutorado tem o objetivo de responder a seguinte pergunta: Como preparar as pessoas para a produção criativa em ateliê de linguagens visuais? Isto é, Como acender a chama e mantê-la acesa pelo tempo necessário? A hipótese inicial do trabalho é que o processo de aquecimento pode ser uma forma de preparo das pessoas para a produção criativa, tal como afirmou Moreno. A tese relata experiências com o aquecimento em ateliê, escola e universidade; e também em eventos e cursos, conforme a pesquisa-ação delineou segundo Thiollent. Ainda, a tese reflete sobre diálogos com arte-educadores em música, teatro, artes visuais e performance, de acordo com a história oral temática de Meihy. Expõe reflexões teóricas e apresenta uma concepção de aquecimento na prática artística baseada em atitudes para o desenvolvimento da criatividade conforme Arieti. Conclui-se que aquecer é despertar, conscientizar e mobilizar os três níveis do ser humano (físico, anímico e espiritual nas palavras de Itten) -- a fim de possibilitar um estado maior de unidade consigo mesmo e de totalidade com o meio ambiente e com a natureza. O aquecimento é em si constitutivo do processo artístico como um todo. Descobriu-se que para além de um preparo para a produção artística, hipótese inicial, o aquecimento é fundante da prática artística. Por meio do movimento, o aquecimento, enquanto constitutivo da produção artística, trás a possibilidade de manifestar melhor a força vital do próprio ser na arte. / This doctoral thesis aims to answer the following question: How to prepare people for creativeness on visual language studio production? In other words, how to light the flame and keep it lit as long as necessary? The initial hypothesis of this study is that the heating process can be a way of preparing people for creative production, as states Moreno. The thesis reports heating experiences at the studio, at the school and at the university; but also at events and courses, as outlined from Thiollent\'s action-research method. Indeed, the thesis reflects from dialogues with art instructors in music, theater, visual arts and performance, according to the oral history of Meihy. It exposes theoretical analyses, and presents a heating design for artistic practice based on Arieti\'s concept of attitudes toward creativity development. It concludes that heat is awakening, promotes awareness and mobilizes the three levels of human being (physical, psychic and spiritual in the words of Itten) -- to allow a greater state of unity with oneself, with the vastness of environment, and with nature. Heating is itself constitutive of the artistic process as a whole. It has been found that heating, besides being a training for artistic production, which was the initial hypothesis, actually founds the artistic practice. Through movement, heating, as being constitutive of artistic production, provides the ability to better express the vital force of being-on-arts.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-29T12:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 valtercostafernandesjunior.pdf: 2769677 bytes, checksum: b4f02621c7dc7125c40dbf871a94503e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:18:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valtercostafernandesjunior.pdf: 2769677 bytes, checksum: b4f02621c7dc7125c40dbf871a94503e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:19:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valtercostafernandesjunior.pdf: 2769677 bytes, checksum: b4f02621c7dc7125c40dbf871a94503e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 valtercostafernandesjunior.pdf: 2769677 bytes, checksum: b4f02621c7dc7125c40dbf871a94503e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-30 / Este trabalho introduz, primeiramente, uma reflexão a respeito da forma como a disciplina Análise vem sendo trabalhada há algum tempo. Para esta reflexão trazemos em nossa revisão de literatura pesquisas envolvendo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nessa disciplina. Como referencial teórico adotado, apresentamos trabalhos sobre a teoria de Imagens de Conceito e Definição de Conceito que se encontram na linha de pesquisa do Pensamento Matemático Avançado. Conjuntamente, apresentaremos uma pesquisa de campo que teve como objetivo verificar e analisar as modificações nas imagens de conceito de alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática durante a aplicação de atividades de ensino sobre sequências de números reais, na perspectiva da disciplina Análise. Através de uma análise qualitativa, pudemos refletir sobre a aplicação das atividades de ensino - reflexão esta que leva em conta todo o processo e até mesmo a postura dos alunos frente às atividades. Outros pontos abordados neste trabalho foram as reações e impressões dos alunos ante a esta disciplina e o modo como eles lidam com a formalização dos conteúdos, que é o objetivo principal da mesma e o que a diferencia da disciplina de Cálculo. Nossa proposta teve como objetivo deixar os alunos pensarem nas questões e construírem os resultados, onde as intervenções feitas pelo pesquisador objetivavam orientá-los no processo de resolução ou em um momento extremo, para depois de já terem esgotado as discussões e orientações, apresentá-los o resultado. Desse modo, pretendemos explorar as várias representações que um objeto matemático pode assumir. Sendo assim, buscamos durante a realização das atividades sugerir e incentivar os mesmos a utilizarem as representações gráficas (reta numérica ou plano cartesiano), para que pudessem relacioná-las com as representações algébricas. Além do objetivo de relacionar as duas representações ditas acima, buscamos proporcionar um ambiente favorável ao entendimento das demonstrações formais, que normalmente é decorada pelos alunos. / This paper introduces a debate about the way the subject Analysis has been developed for some time now, using researches involving the teaching and learning process to make this discussion. Studies about the theory of Concept Imagens and Concept Definition, both found in the Advanced Mathematical Thinking line of research, will be used as theoretical background. A field work will be also presented, aiming to verify and analyze the changes in the concept images of Licentiateship in Mathematics students, during an application of teaching activities over sequences of real numbers, on the Analysis perspective. Through a qualitative analysis, a reflection on the implementation of educational activities could be performed, considering the whole process and even the attitude of students at facing the activities. Other points discussed in this study were the reactions and impressions of students when facing this subject and how they deal with the formalization of contents, which is perhaps the main purpose of it and what distincts Analysis from the Calculus subject. The principal proposal aimed is to let students think about the issues involved and build results on their own. The interventions made by the researcher intended to guide them in the resolution process or in an extreme point, after having already exhausted their discussions and orientations, to present them the results. Thus, we intend to explore the various representations that a mathematical object can take. Therefore, we seek during the realization of activities suggest to students and encourage them to use the graphical representations (number line or coordinate plane), so they could relate them to algebraic representations. In addition to this previous objective, we strive to provide a favorable environment for the understanding of formal statements, which is usually memorized by the students.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-21T18:43:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunorincodutrapereira.pdf: 1779140 bytes, checksum: 1d0e8baed44ccc63b40e333096c5cd42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:26:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunorincodutrapereira.pdf: 1779140 bytes, checksum: 1d0e8baed44ccc63b40e333096c5cd42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:26:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunorincodutrapereira.pdf: 1779140 bytes, checksum: 1d0e8baed44ccc63b40e333096c5cd42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunorincodutrapereira.pdf: 1779140 bytes, checksum: 1d0e8baed44ccc63b40e333096c5cd42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar uma sequência didática sobre geometria para estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Para tal, fizemos um breve histórico sobre a EJA, do Brasil imperial até os dias atuais, e descrevemos, em linhas gerais, a trajetória do ensino de geometria no século XX e XXI. Assim, temos como questão de pesquisa “Como elaborar uma sequência didática em geometria para a EJA”. E como objetivos específicos elaborar uma proposta de sequência didática sobre triângulos para estudantes da EJA e contribuir com as discussões sobre o ensino de geometria na modalidade. Diante desse quadro, propomos uma sequência didática para ensinar a geometria dos triângulos, abordando suas características e propriedades. Essa pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e a coleta de dados para obtermos informações para referenciar a elaboração da sequência ocorreu a partir de um questionário realizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, na cidade de Três Rios, em uma escola estadual no 3º turno, ou seja, à noite, em uma turma da EJA do Ensino Médio. Como produto educacional apresentamos um manual que contem as atividades elaboradas na sequência didática e as orientações para os professores desenvolvê-las. / This research aims to elaborate a didactic sequence about geometry for Adult Education students. For such, we made a brief history about Adult Education from the empire era in Brazil up to today and we described, briefly, the trajectory of geometry teaching on the XX and XXI centuries. Thus, we have as a research question “How to elaborate a didactic sequence in geometry for Adult Education?” And, as specific objectives, to elaborate a proposal for a didactic sequence about triangles for Adult Education students and to contribute to the discussions about geometry teaching on this modality. On this, we propose a didactic sequence to teach geometry of the triangles, addressing its characteristics and properties. This research is qualitative in nature, and the collection of data to obtain information, to reference the elaboration of the sequence, was done through a questionnaire that took place in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the city of Três Rios, at a state school on the 3rd shift, that is, at night, on a High School Adult Education class. As an educational product we presented a manual that contains the activities elaborated in the didactic sequence and guidelines for teachers to develop them.

From the 1960s to the present, the Swedish school has undergone quite a few major reforms, including three new national curricula. The aim of this literature review is to investigate what previous research says about curriculum reform regarding second language teaching and learning in general, and English as a second language in particular. Through analysis of the chosen seven sources, there is some evidence that curriculum reform has affected second language learning and teaching. Especially when it comes to the implementation of curriculum, a subject syllabus plays an essential role in the process of transmitting knowledge, and the dynamic of the classroom is changing, which entails that both teachers’ role and students’ roles are shifting. The teacher is not the only source of knowledge any more, and students do not just sit in the classroom and listen to the teacher. Students’ influence is highlighted both in the curriculum and in the classroom. Communicative competence has become the focus of the teaching and learning of a second language.

Many animals socially learn, but very few do so through teaching, where an individual modifies its behaviour in order to facilitate learning for another individual. Teaching behaviour is costly, but can confer numerous advantages, such as high fidelity transmission of information or an increase in the rate of social learning. In many putative cases of teaching, it is not known whether the pupil learns from the modified behaviour. This thesis addresses this issue in three cases of potential teaching behaviour. In particular, it investigates whether the role of food transfers in wild golden lion tamarins is to teach which foods are good to eat (Chapter 5). There was little evidence that novel foods were transferred more than familiar foods, and this was not due to the juveniles attempting to obtain novel foods more than familiar ones, or by adults discarding novel foods more than familiar ones. Transfers were however more successful when donors had previously ingested the food type transferred. Successful food transfers also had a positive correlation with foraging choices once juveniles were older, suggesting they learned from food transfers. In golden lion tamarins, this thesis also examined whether juveniles learned from food-offering calls which substrates were good to forage on (Chapter 6). Juveniles that experienced playback of food-offering calls ate more on a novel substrate, than juveniles that did not experience those playbacks, both immediately as the calls were being played, and in the long term, six months after the playbacks. This suggests that juveniles learned from the playbacks. Finally, this thesis attempted to replicate previous findings showing that hens modify their behaviour when chicks feed from seemingly unpalatable food, and explored whether chicks learned what food to eat based on the maternal display (Chapter 7). The experiment failed to find evidence for teaching behaviour, but results were not inconsistent with previous findings. Moreover, there was little evidence that chicks learned from their mother, quite to the contrary, hens seemed to acquire their foraging decisions based on their chicks' choices.

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is reported in musicians of all experience, levels, and genre. However, solo classical musicians report MPA more often and at higher levels than performers in other genres because of its formal culture and traditional structure. Within solo classical musicians, collegiate training greatly differs between conservatories that award a Bachelor of Music (B.M.) and liberal arts institutions that award a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.). In 2 studies, the proposed research examines the differences in general anxiety, MPA, and private lesson content between these two groups. Participants will be from the two groups of types of collegiate music students. In Study 1, participants will take the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI), and a Personal and Musical Background Questionnaire (PMBQ) at 3 times intervals before a public, solo performance in order to assess general connections between anxiety and MPA. In Study 2, participants will partake in weekly session of 1 of 3 interventions (meditation, journal entry, and biofeedback training) in order to determine an effective method for preventing and coping with MPA. Proposed results suggest higher levels of general anxiety and MPA in conservatory music students and lower levels of MPA in participants who undergo biofeedback training. Individuals who report learning about MPA strategies in their lessons will have lower levels of MPA, suggesting the need to consistently address MPA in classical music pedagogy.

[pt] A necessidade de auxiliar pessoas que trabalham com o ensino de software gráficos em instituições educacionais motivou a presente pesquisa, onde se buscou mostrar a eficiência do uso de tutoriais e a experimentação dos mesmos em métodos de Educação a Distância Mediada por Computador. O objetivo geral da presente tese foi desenvolver um modelo de criação e validação de tutoriais para o ensino de software gráfico. Foram analisadas ferramentas que possibilitam o enriquecimento desse método, mostrando o quanto ele pode ser eficiente, podendo-se até dizer atraente para os sujeitos envolvidos em processos de construção de conhecimentos. Por sua natureza, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como aplicada, tendo cunho qualitativo. Do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, configurou-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, desenvolveu-se como pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A partir dos modelos gerais para a criação e validação de tutoriais, foi desenvolvido um tutorial específico que oferece, entre outros recursos de conteúdo e gráficos, texto, som, imagem estática, vídeo e arquivos em linguagem de Realidade Virtual. As principais etapas percorridas para o desenvolvimento da presente tese foram, além do estudo de bibliografia relacionada ao tema, o desenvolvimento de parâmetros para identificar a eficácia de um tutorial; a identificação e análise de sistemas que são desenvolvidos para EDMC, com vistas a utilizá-los como ambiente para a experimentação deste trabalho; a identificação e análise de software que envolve o processo de desenvolvimento de tutoriais, neste caso, um software CAD tridimensional, objeto de estudo para o uso do tutorial numa disciplina do curso de Design; a realização de estudos sobre métodos de avaliação de usabilidade de tutoriais visando conhecer as várias modalidades e selecionar uma forma adequada de análise ergonômica e IHC (Interação Humano-Computador), baseada em pesquisa de opinião dos usuários; a verificação e estudo de definições e aplicações de hipermídia dentro de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA). A elaboração do tutorial e sua validação junto a estudantes e profissionais permitiram identificar uma série de requisitos que são necessários para um bom projeto de tutoriais. A conclusão do trabalho apresenta uma síntese dos dados levantados no processo de validação do tutorial, além de recomendações para estudos futuros. / [en] The need to assist people working with graphics software for teaching in educational institutions motivated the present research, where we show the efficiency of the use of tutorials and testing of such methods for Distance Education Computer-Mediated. The overall objective of this thesis was to develop models of creation and validation of tutorials for teaching graphics software. We analyzed tools that enable the enrichment of this method, showing how it can be effective and may even say attractive to those involved in processes of knowledge construction. By its nature, the survey characterized as applied, and qualitative. From the perspective of your goals, set up as an exploratory research and the technical procedures, developed as research literature and documents. From the general models for the creation and validation of tutorials, we developed a specific tutorial that offers, among other features content and graphics, text, sound, still image and video files into language Virtual Reality. The main steps followed to develop this thesis were beyond the study of literature related to the theme, the development of parameters to determine the effectiveness of a tutorial, the identification and analysis of systems that are designed to EDMC, aiming to use them as an environment for experimentation of this work, the identification and analysis software that involves the process of developing tutorials, in this case, a three-dimensional CAD software, an object of study for the use of a tutorial course in the design, undertaking of studies on methods for usability evaluation of tutorials in order to know the various terms and select an appropriate form of ergonomic analysis and HCI (Human Computer Interaction), based on survey of users, verification and study of definitions and applications of hypermedia in Virtual Learning Environments (VLE). The development and validation of the tutorial with students and professionals have identified a number of requirements that are needed for a good design tutorials. The completion of the work presents a synthesis of data collected in the validation process of the tutorial, as well as recommendations for future studies.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Although there are several achievements made by the Namibian government after independence, there are still many constraints and challenges facing the education system, particularly with regard to novice teachers' support and professional development. Most novice teachers are coming into the teaching profession and receive little or no assistance. Nevertheless, novice teachers are expected to perform the full teaching responsibilities despite their inexperience. Novice teachers are expected to formulate their own coping strategies and to grapple with the challenges they encounter during their first year of teaching on their own. This study aims at investigating the coping mechanisms used by novice teachers to achieve their teaching goals during their first year of teaching. The study recommends that the teacher training institutions, the Ministry of Education and schools have an important role to play in facilitating the use of effective coping mechanisms and in assisting novice teachers in alleviating these challenges. Teacher training should ensure that a balance is maintained between theory and practice. In addition the Ministry needs to provide favourable working conditions and put up support systems for novice teachers. Schools should also provide orientation to all novice teachers and most especially render support to all novice teachers until they are fully integrated into the school and teaching culture. / South Africa

The global community is experiencing an increasing number of disasters that ranges from earthquakes, floods, storms, epidemics, fires, landslides, hurricanes, tsunamis and social conflicts that result to loss of life and properties. South Africa is dominated by localised incidents, such as wild fires, seasonal flooding, droughts and accidents in the mining industry. Resource-poor communities such as those residing in many parts of South African informal settlements, currently live with a range of stresses and risks including climate risks, HIV/AIDS and access to insecure land. While disaster relief has been at the forefront for quite a long time, communities are increasingly looking at disaster risk reduction as the best solution to safeguard human lives and property. Scholars and policy makers are relying on disaster preparedness and resilience as strategies to ensure disaster risk reduction. Disaster education has emerged as a pinnacle for both the preparedness and resilience by teaching communities about the prevalence of hazards and associated vulnerabilities. The aim of this investigation was to determine how education in particular, curriculum and instructional design contributes to learners’ awareness of hazards and disasters. A mixed method research was used to address the question combining questionnaires, interviews and document study as data collection strategies. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 educators from schools located in informal settlements of Ivory Park in Gauteng, Brits in North West Province, Isipingo in KwaZulu-Natal, Bizana in the Eastern Cape and Khayelitsha in the Western Cape. Interviews were conducted with 5 curriculum specialists, 3 disaster specialists and 2 disaster lectures. The findings of the investigation is that the South African National Curriculum Statements explicitly prescribe hazards and disaster learning outcomes only for Grade 7 Social Science and is silent in other grades and learning areas. Some scholars pointed out that there is no adequate translation of curriculum policy provisions to classroom practice in South Africa, which raises questions on the extent to which learners from South African schools are taught about hazards and disasters as prescribed in the National Curriculum Statements. The investigation also found that educators are overburdened with administrative work and would not be in the position to collaborate with one another to develop learning programmes and to teach indigenous knowledge or hazards and disasters. In this study, it is argued that for education to make effective contribution to learners’ awareness of hazards and disasters, the national curriculum should focus on the broad learning outcomes used as guideline to develop learning programmes for disasters and hazards that are provincial, district and local areas specific. The development and teaching for hazards and disasters should be specified in all grades across all learning areas. Another argument presented in this study is that the National Disaster Management Centre should play a crucial role in mobilising other stakeholders involved in disaster risk reductions to develop learning programmes as they have hands-on experience of managing disasters so that alleviate the burden for educators to be gathering data for learning programme development. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Humanities Education / unrestricted

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' instructional practices in terms of specific areas of focus pertaining to the teaching and learning of geometry described in literature and, their learners' levels of geometry thinking as elaborated in the Van Hiele theory. A review of literature on the development of geometry understanding was conducted to frame what is meant by 'teachers' instructional practices' as they pertain to the teaching and learning of geometry in this study. These instructional practices are understood to include the appropriate allocation of time for the facilitation of geometry concept development, the use of concrete apparatus, the use of relevant and level appropriate language as well as the use of level appropriate geometry activities. The structure of the curriculum in terms of its content and opportunity for conceptual progression was also considered. Literature reveals continuing discourse regarding the levels of thinking described in the Van Hiele theory, and even though there is no consensus regarding the nature of the levels and that assessing learners' levels of thinking remains difficult and inconclusive, it is generally accepted that the Van Hiele test is a reliable measure in assessing learners' levels of geometry thinking. An exploratory case study design was chosen for this study. The phenomenon being explored is the teaching and learning of geometry in the Foundation and Intermediate Phases of a particular private school. In order to do this, the teachers' timetables and Work Schedules were analysed to determine how much time was allocated to the instruction of Mathematics in general and for the instruction of geometry in particular. These documents also yielded data regarding the type of geometry experiences included in the implemented curriculum. The learners' level of geometry understanding according to the Van Hiele theory was assessed using an instrument designed by Usiskin (1982). This assessment was facilitated by the researcher in the learners' home class and happened in June after six months of instruction in a particular grade level. Data regarding the teachers' perception of geometry and the best method to facilitate the learning of geometry was gathered through a teacher's questionnaire. The teachers were requested to facilitate geometry lessons, which were digitally recorded by the researcher. Each grade level (0-5) was regarded as a sub-unit and analysed as the case for that grade level. The data was then assimilated to present the case of geometry teaching and learning in the Foundation and Intermediate Phases in the school. The findings report that when juxtaposed alongside research, geometry instructional practices in this school, compare favourably with regards to the teachers' professed and observed practice of using concrete aids and tasks that engage the learners actively in developing geometry insight. There is also evidence that these instructional practices support progression through the levels however the shortfall of time allocated to facilitating this progression and the lack of conclusive data regarding the language used and the types of experiences may justify further research into whether this progression is satisfactory. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted