It is inevitable that campus-based higher education will adopt some form of a hybrid learning approach. For schools and their faculty members, this means the acknowledgment and acceptance of these changes are required. Campus-based higher education faculty members wish to change how they teach courses due to societal demands to better suit the next generation of students. Initially, schools began offering new technology to faculty that wished to use the technology; however, over the years, due to the demands of competition with other schools and next generation, tech-savvy students entering academia, schools are starting to require the use of technology that was once only an option for faculty members. This implementation of incorporating technology into the classroom has faced several roadblocks because what was once considered a simple transition has become more complex due to faculty resistance to new technology, which stems from various limitations, barriers, and perceptions, such as low computer self-efficacy, high computer anxiety, and time to learn new technology. The purpose of this study was to understand how in-service faculty experience individualized training as a method of teaching faculty how to use the technology and integrate it into their courses. The lived experiences and perceptions of in-service faculty regarding individualized training were specifically focused on to determine how individualized instruction was perceived to help or hinder integrating technology into their courses. The focus was the experience Harper College and McLennan Community College’s in-service faculty, who experienced training through the group training currently offered by the schools, as well as the proposed individualized training. Higher education faculty from general study areas, such as English, math, and science were invited to participate. The study consisted of a 6-week individualized training program for 12 in-service faculty members (seven completed the study) who previously participated in a group training program about Blackboard. The study was a phenomenological approach in that used interviews to gather information regarding the lived experiences as the basis of analysis. The data for this study were gathered, horizonalized, and analyzed through a 7-step data processing method for phenomenology studies. After the data were analyzed, the findings show how developing a good individualized training program can help in-service faculty members not only integrate technology into their course designs but address any of the limitations or barriers the faculty faced. These findings coincide with the recommendations that training programs need to be developed into a phased approach in which the existing group training should continue but a secondary training program should be developed that incorporates andragogy-based principles and the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework.

This study investigated the conditions for developing science teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). It also explored the opportunities offered by two strategies to enhance science teachers’ ability to design technology-based inquiry activities for science learning: Experiencing Inquiry Model (EIM) and Metacognitive Scaffolding (MS). These strategies were adopted to support the processing necessary for developing teachers’ knowledge and for negotiating the integration of computer technology in science instruction. Situated Cognition Theory was used as a theoretical framework for learning, and TPACK was used as a conceptual framework for technology integration. 33 science teachers from four intermediate and high schools participated in the study. 17 and 16 teachers were conveniently assigned to EIM and MS, respectively. The study employed a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative evidence. As per the quantitative method, a quasi-experimental design that employed the 2 Teaching Strategy (EIM or MS) × 2 Time (pre- and post-intervention) of learning split-plot factorial design was applied in the study. Concurrently with the quantitative data collection, the qualitative evidence was collected from the researcher’s logbook, participants’ written documents, and interviews. The findings suggested that there were no significant differences between EIM and MS for developing the knowledge components embodied in TPACK. Nevertheless, the participants who learned through the MS strategy outperformed their counterparts in designing technology-based inquiry activities for science learning. The latter result suggested that teachers who received metacognitive scaffolding were more equipped to connect curriculum goals with technology and instruction.

I Läroplanen är inte angiven vilka digitala verktyg ska användas under matematikundervisningen och läraren får välja vilka digitala verktyg används. Detta arbete syftade till att se vilka digitala verktyg finns i Sveriges förskoleklasser i matematikundervisning. Vidare studien syftade också till att belysa hur lärarens digitala kompetens påverkar digitala verktygets användning i förskoleklass. Studiens syfte har besvarats genom enkät där 104 förskoleklasslärare deltog. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt var TPACK. Resultatet visar att surfplattan är det mest förekommande digitala verktyg i Sveriges förskoleklasser. Vidare resultatet visar att ju bättre digital kompetens läraren har, ju större chans är att läraren använder surfplattan på ett varierat sätt. / The Curriculum does not specify which digital tools are to be used during the mathematics teaching and the teacher may choose which digital tools are used. This work aimed to see which digital tools are available in Sweden's preschool classes in mathematics teaching. Furthermore, the study also aimed to shed light on how the teacher's digital competence affects the use of the digital tool in preschool class. The purpose of the study has been answered through a survey in which 104 preschool class teachers participated. The theoretical starting point of the study was TPACK. The results show that the tablet is the most common digital tool in Sweden's preschool classes. Furthermore, the results show that the better digital competence the teacher has, the greater the chance that the teacher uses the tablet in a varied way.

Syftet med studien är att bidra till en ökad förståelse av lärares förhållningssätt till och erfarenhet av digitala verktyg. I studien deltog fem behöriga F-3 lärare i en kvalitativ undersökning. Insamlingsmetoden bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer via digitala möten och empirin analyserades tematiskt. Studien utgår utifrån teorierna TPACK-ramverket och sociokulturella perspektivet. Lärarna i vår studie har uttryckt sig utifrån skärningspunkterna TCK, TPK och TPACK. Sett utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv har samtliga lärare approprierat digitala verktyg och även använt verktyget som ett medierande redskap i undervisningen. De resultat som var mest framträdande var att alla lärare hade en positiv inställning till digitala verktyg även om de har olika personliga erfarenheter. De ansåg att det var viktigt att appropriera digitala verktyg i undervisningen i och med att de är en del av samhället och att eleverna behöver utveckla en digital kompetens. I vår studie påvisade även att samtliga lärare integrerar digitala verktyg som en pedagogisk resurs i undervisningen i syfte att stödja elevers kunskapsutveckling. Lärarna lyfte möjligheter och utmaningar i samband med digitala verktyg i undervisningen, i och med att lärarna hade positiva inställningar till digitala verktyg ansåg de att utmaningarna inte hade en negativ påverkan i undervisningen. Det lärarna lyfter är deras pedagogiska aspekter av digitala verktyg, vilket är en faktor som har en betydelsefull roll i samband med integration av digitala verktyg i undervisningen.

I den här kvalitativa studie undersöks mellanstadielärares undervisningspraktik när det gäller att implementera programmering i matematikundervisningen. Mer precist identifieras lärares tekniska, ämnesmässiga och pedagogiska kunskaper och huruvida dessa är bidragande till den didaktiska designen. Empirin härstammar från fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer, där informanter valdes utifrån ett kriteriebaserat urval. Därmed är samtliga deltagare legitimerade lärare med behörighet i matematik och har erfarenhet av programmering i matematikundervisning på mellanstadiet. Ett teoretiskt ramverk, TPACK, ligger till grund för arbetet och används även som analysverktyg tillsammans med en tematisering. Studien utgör en kunskapsdelning av pedagogiska strategier, där lärares TPACK med pedagogik inkluderad är av avgörande betydelse för att skapa en lärandemiljö. Utifrån resultatet av den insamlade empirin i anknytning med tidigare forskning dras en slutsats att programmering i en visuell miljö genom samarbete och en praktisk lekfullhet främjar en förståelse för och ett lärande av programmering i form av logiskt tänkande och kreativ problemlösning. Avslutningsvis föreslås en vidare forskning i form av en praktiknära forskning där kontexten tas i beaktande. På så vis kan lärares kompetenser identifieras genom annat än en självrapportering och skapa en förståelse för när programmering blir gynnsam i undervisningen med kontextuella faktorer i åtanke.

Although school districts have invested heavily in technology for teachers and students, the problem of inconsistent technology integration permeated a local school district. In order to create a 21st century learning environment for students, teachers must integrate technology with curriculum and evidence-based teaching practices. The purpose of this case study was to investigate current middle school teachers' technology integration in a suburban school district in North Dakota, Midwest Public Schools (pseudonym). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) was used as a conceptual framework to guide the study. This study focused on exploration of current teacher practice in regard to technology integration and the perceived support they currently receive to do so. A case study research design was used, and data collection included interviews and classroom observations of 10 middle school teachers to determine current technology integration practices and explore the barriers for integration and teachers' perceived support in this endeavor. The 10 participants were chosen based on content area, grade level, and years of experience. The data were analyzed using thematic coding followed by an open coding process based on the TPACK framework constructs. Teachers are using technology in their instruction at varying levels. Overall, the case showed a strong indication of TCK and lower results in the area of student technology use. The results provided information for administrators in the district regarding additional training for teachers based on their current technology integration and perceived barriers of implementation in the classroom. Social change implications for this study involve an increased awareness of technology integration for teachers and administrators. Classroom teachers in this local district as well as districts across the nation could benefit from improved practice using technology to be able to learn and work in the complex school and work environments.

The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the perceived and demonstrated technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of practicing elementary teachers in an urban charter school setting. Contextual factors that influence teachers' abilities to apply technology integration knowledge were also identified. A qualitative research design with multiple case study strategy was used to study practicing teachers in a charter school setting in two phases. The first phase of the study included nine participants and used the Teachers' Knowledge of Teaching and Technology Survey to garner insight on teachers' perceived technological pedagogical content knowledge. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to calculate a mean score for each subscale of the TPACK components. Of the nine teachers, two teachers volunteered to participate in the second phase of the study in addition to two administrators. Data collection methods included document collection, observations, and interviews. Within-analysis procedures were used to specify each participant as an individual case. Interviews with school administrators provided insight into contextual factors at the school. Lastly, cross-case analysis procedures were used to construct the final narrative. The findings from Phase I indicated teacher scores related to statements concerning technology-related components: technology knowledge (Mean = 3.67, SD =.62), technological content knowledge (Mean = 3.67, SD=.45), technological pedagogical knowledge (Mean = 3.74, SD=.68), and technological pedagogical content knowledge (Mean = 3.6, SD=.94) were neutral. Findings from the within-analysis and cross-case analysis revealed that both teachers used all of the components in practice with limited to no use of technological content knowledge. The findings from the within-analysis and cross-case analysis revealed that teachers: (a) had a solid foundation of technology knowledge, (b) had limited knowledge of technological content knowledge, (c) supported pedagogical goals, and (d) addressed student learning needs. In addition, the findings revealed that contextual factors related to the teachers' use of technology integration knowledge were resource-related. The discussion and implications highlighted the need for professional development and up-to-date resources for teachers in urban charter schools.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur lågstadielärare fortbildade sig för att kunna möta de krav som ställs på dem vad det gäller digitalisering av matematikundervisning samt hur detta hänger samman med deras upplevda kompetens samt användning av IKT i matematikundervisningen.För att uppfylla syftet samlades studiens empiriska data in via en webbaserad enkätundersökning, som besvarades av 76 lågstadielärare. Resultatet visade att de flesta lågstadielärarna kompetensutvecklade sig på en mängd varierande sätt såväl på den formella arenan som på den informella arenan. Dessutom framkom det i resultatet att de lågstadielärare som fortbildade sig via webbaserade kompetensutvecklingssätt på den formella arenan i kombination med alla sätt på den informella arenan, högst uppskattade sina kunskaper inom delområdena TCK, TPK och TPACK samt använde IKT på flest sätt inom flest matematikområden. Vidare framkom det också att majoriteten av lågstadielärare fortbildade sig på alla sätt på båda arenor.Dessa lågstadielärare upplevde ha höga kunskaper i alla tre delområden, men deras IKT-användning låg på genomsnittsnivån för studiens samtliga kompetensutvecklingsformer. / The purpose of this study was to research how primary school teachers developed their professional competences/knowledges to meet the demands placed on them regarding the digitalization of mathematics education and how this is related to their perceived knowledges and their use of ICT in mathematics education. In order to fulfill the purpose, the empirical data of the study was collected through a questionnaire, which answered by 76 primary school teachers. The result showed that the majority of teachers developed their professional competences/knowledges in a variety of ways, both I the formal and informal arena. Moreover, the result indicated that the prime school teachers who engaged in online professional development activities in the formal arena combined with both online and traditional development activities in the informal area, highly experienced their knowledges in the TCK, TPK och TPACK sub-areas and used ICT in the most variety ways in the most mathematical areas. Furthermore, it also emerged the majority of primary school teachers engaged in both online and traditional development activities in both areas. These primary school teachers experienced good knowledge in all three sub-areas, but their ICT usage was on the average level for all the professional development model of the study.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur engelsklärare i åk 4-6 belyser och säger sig använda smartboarden i engelskundervisning. Denna studie är baserad på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre grundlärare som undervisar i engelska i år 4, 5 och 6, och TPACK-modellen har valts som teoretisk utgångspunkt för analys, tolkning och diskussion av materialet. Resultatet visar vilka för- och nackdelar med smartboarden som upplevs av lärarna. En fördel som framkommer är att smartboarden gör det möjligt att spara och dela lektionsinnehållet, medan en nackdel som omnämns är teknikens sårbarhet som medför att läraren ständigt måste ha en alternativ lektionsplan i beredskap. Resultatet visar också att de tre lärarna framför allt använder smartboarden som projektor, dvs. ett visningsredskap, och att dess fulla användningspotential ofta lämnas outnyttjad till följd av att lärarna får otillräcklig teknisk utbildning och bristfälligt pedagogiskt stöd för hur smartboarden ska integreras i ämnesundervisningen på bästa sätt.

Digitization has found its way into the classroom for a long time now and there are lots of tools today that may help teachers make their classes more efficient and improve students learning and motivation skills.   This essay examines how nine middle school mathematics teachers use ICT in their teaching. The study includes questions on how they feel about meeting the requirements set in the National Agency for Education's curriculum on how digital tools should be used in teaching, and how they believe that the skills development in this area is met.   The result shows that several of the teachers surveyed used digital tools to a small or no extent at all. Often this was due to lack of resources, in many cases there was already competence in ICT but no computers or iPads to use. The collegiate learning was described as a great asset and all respondents showed a great curiosity and positivism in introducing and expanding the digital presence in the classroom and in teaching / Digitaliseringen har sedan en längre tid hittat in i klassrummen och många är de verktyg som idag kan underlätta lärarnas undervisning och förbättra elevers inlärning och motivation kring densamma.   Uppsatsen undersöker hur nio lärare i matematik på mellanstadiet använder IKT i sin undervisning, hur de anser att de kompetensmässigt uppfyller de krav som ställs i Skolverkets läroplan på hur digitala verktyg ska användas i undervisningen, samt hur de anser att kompetensutvecklingen inom detta område tillgodoses.    Resultatet visar att flera av de tillfrågade lärarna använde digitala verktyg i liten eller ingen utsträckning alls. Ofta berodde detta på brist på resurser, i flera fall fanns redan kompetensen inom IKT men inga datorer eller iPads att lära ut på. Det kollegiala lärandet beskrevs som en stor tillgång och samtliga respondenter visade en stor nyfikenhet och positivism till att introducera och utöka den digitala närvaron i klassrummet och i undervisningen.