近年來，中國之崛起、國外直接投資金額大量流入中國，乃為人所關切並激發學者研究興趣之議題，而產業群聚乃至其對企業帶來之效益亦為過去諸多文獻研究之領域，然而，其所探討之群聚效益並非群聚對財務績效之影響，即便探討台灣企業之群聚效益，亦非針對赴大陸投資之台商電子業。 　　據此，本研究擬以實證方式探討台商於大陸之群聚現象及其對績效是否具有正向影響，且該影響力是否隨群聚地理範圍及產業別之異而有所改變？ 　　本研究以2004至2006年赴大陸投資之台商電子業，經篩選後之219家公司為研究樣本，並將其依不同地理範圍和產業別進行分類，進而以特定地理範圍之區域商數及廠商家數為群聚之代理變數，各公司之營收淨額為績效之代理變數，並以複迴歸模型進行實證研究。 實證結果顯示，對「全部電子業」及「電腦、電子產品及光學製品製造業」而言，不論群聚之地理範圍為何，群聚對績效均具顯著之正向影響，且其係數將隨地理範圍之延展而增加，然而，就「電子零組件製造業」而言，唯有當群聚之地理範圍為區域時，群聚對績效才得以發揮顯著之正向影響。 總括而言，群聚對企業績效之提昇具有正向影響，然而，其將因群聚地理範圍及產業別之異而發揮不同之影響力，此研究結果之意涵有二：其一為，上下游供應鏈體系愈完整，群聚對績效所致之影響亦愈強；其二則為，產業群聚得以提昇績效之精髓在於「合作」，而非僅止於地理位置之集中。 關鍵字：台商、電子業、大陸、群聚、績效。 / Not only are Taiwan enterprises one of the main investors in China but their trends in investments are toward agglomerating in the electronic industry and some specific locations that triggers my interesting to explore the cluster phenomenon and the impacts of these clusters on Taiwan enterprises’ performances. Because the previous studies were rare involved in the impact of cluster on Taiwan enterprises’ financial performances, this paper aims to employ empirical method to analyze whether industry clusters influence on the performances of Taiwan enterprises of electronic industry which invested in China, and further find out whether this affection will be changed by different cluster boundaries and industries. The samples of this paper are 219 Taiwan firms of electronic industry which invested in China from 2004 to 2006. The proxies of industry clusters are location quotients and the numbers of firms in specific districts respectively, and the proxy of financial performances is net revenues of each firm. According to this empirical results, for the firms of whole electronic industry and computers, electronic products and optical products manufacturing industry, no matter what geographic borders they clustered, the clusters have significant positive influences on their performances, nevertheless for the firms of electronic parts and components manufacturing industry, there are significant positive influences on their performances only when they clustered around specific regions. In conclusion, clusters have positive influence on firms’ performances, but these affections will be changed due to different geographic boundaries and industries. Keywords: Taiwan enterprises, Electronic industry, Cluster, Performance.

中國大陸於一九九五年施行《勞動法》，卻因施行多年，部分內容無法因應環境變遷，而產生許多勞動糾紛。為求政權穩固與社會和諧，中共於二○○八年公布施行《中華人民共和國勞動合同法》（以下簡稱為《勞動合同法》），企圖以此法調整勞動關係，促使勞資雙方權利義務取得平衡，以維護社會和諧。 然《勞動合同法》自立法之初至公布施行，引發「傾斜保護勞動者」之疑義，不斷被各界所批評，尤其對台商企業而言，早期勞力成本低廉、招募容易的利基不再，現今勞動力的取得必須簽訂勞動合同，以兼顧勞動意識的抬頭與法令規章的保護，使台商在經營管理上備感壓力，甚至必須遷移他地或轉移他國。 儘管投資環境丕變，台灣企業與台籍人士仍持續前往中國大陸投資、設廠與工作，在此前提下必須了解《勞動合同法》對台商的影響與因應之道。 本研究透過台商企業人才招聘與任用之實務案例，藉由文獻資料分析法，對《勞動合同法》之立法、特色、重要條款與實務案例等進行初探。了解《勞動合同法》對台商企業管理之影響，除了經營成本提高之外，其促使台商企業必須重視勞動法令規章、勞資關係和諧、經營管理風險等問題，同時致力於建立健全的規章制度，招聘與任用安全、穩定的人力，此乃有利於提升企業的競爭力，維護企業生存與發展的因應之道。冀望後續在企業人力資源管理的應用層面進行深入探討，以作為台商企業、台籍幹部、政府部門及有志於中國大陸研究者之參考。 / The mainland China implemented the Labor Act in 1995. However, its partial content cannot cope with the environmental changes due to its implementation for too many years and generated a lot of labor disputes. In order to have a stable government power and social harmony, the CPC issued to implement the PRC Labor Contract Act in 2008 (hereinafter referred as the “Labor Contract Act”) for the purport to adjust the labor relationships by this Act for the balance promotion of rights and obligations between both parties of employees and employers in order to maintain social harmony. However, the Labor Contract Act induces the doubtful concern of inclined protection of labors since its legislation till its issued implementation. It continuously subjecting to the criticisms from all parties; especially for Taiwan enterprises, the niches of lower and cheaper labor costs and easy recruitments in the earlier phase are no longer appeared. Currently the acquirement of labor power should be signed with the labor contract for given considerations on the rising of labor conscious and protection of legal regulations and decrees, which make Taiwan enterprises to subject multiple stresses on their operations and managements and even make them need to move toward other place or transfer to other country. Although the sudden change of investment environment, Taiwan enterprise and Taiwan people still continuously go to mainland China for their investments, factory installations, and workings. Under this premise, it needs to realize the effects of Labor Contract Act on Taiwan enterprises and the coping ways for it. This study conducted the initial investigation on the legislation, feature, important provisions, and practical cases of the Labor Contract Act through the practical cases of personnel recruitments and employments by Taiwan enterprises via the literature data analysis method. It realized the effects of Labor Contract Act on the administrative managements of Taiwan enterprises. Besides the increases of operational costs, it pushes Taiwan enterprises to have their necessary emphasizing on those issues such as the labor provisional regulations and decrees, harmony of employees and employers, and the risks of operations and managements, etc. At the same time, they should strive on the establishments of robust provisional regulation systems, recruitments and employment safety, as well as stable human powers. These are the coping ways that will benefit the competition powers of enterprises as well as maintain the enterprise survivals and developments. We expect to conduct the in-depth subsequent investigation on the application layer of human resource managements in the enterprises in order to have a reference for the Taiwan enterprises, Taiwanese cadres, government divisions, and the researchers who have their interests on mainland China.

隨著兩岸三地臺商卓越的競爭能力與大中華經濟的迅速發展，海內外臺商發展為配合其長期追求成長之資金需求與其個別特定目的，尋求於最適地點上市籌資或再次籌資已是海內外臺商經營環境中極為重要之ㄧ環。有競爭力的臺商是亞洲各國極力爭取投資及招攬上市掛牌籌資的貴客，因其卓越的經營績效，敢於追求成長的努力，與勇於冒險創新發展的精神，是亞洲各國學習的對象，尤其是來自中國大陸的吸引力。 為臺商提供了一個有效率而低成本的籌資平臺，同時提供投資人一個安全而有成長率的投資平臺，不但有利企業的後續發展，亦關乎產業發展之未來競爭力。 臺商雖然可以在全球證券市場上市掛牌，但在大中華經濟圈中大陸與香港素來是臺商企業投資之重要地域，隨著CEPA簽訂生效，更加連結香港與中國內地之經貿關係，在大批中國大陸具國際規模的國有企業往香港上市，香港證券市場更呈自1997回歸後，出現欣欣向榮的景象，加之中國大陸於股權分置改革執行初具成效後，於2006年初宣佈恢復新股上市，重啟上市申請機制。受此籌資環境變化影響，吸引了大批臺商擬選擇此兩地上市。 臺灣證券市場雖仍是多數海外臺商上市之「最佳解」，在人親土親的原則下可能會對臺商企業有諸多吸引力，但因招商政策之擬定與執行受到政治因素之影響而有所偏頗，限制對中國大陸投資上限及再籌資之資金不得投資中國大陸等障礙，臺商回臺上市面臨諸多壓力，回臺之路猶似近在眼前，卻遠如天邊，其路漫漫。故尋求在中國大陸或香港上市便成為臺商上市籌資之「較適解」選項。 如何突破目前法規架構下發展對臺灣經濟與產業發展競爭力之最為有利的方式是目前政府部門努力的方向之一。惟，反向思考，是否解開對大陸投資上限40%之障礙，臺商回臺上市必可迎刃而解呢?臺商赴港上市或赴大陸掛牌就一定是致命吸引力嗎? 藉由探討兩岸三地證券市場之發展現狀與特色﹔以及將臺商企業已在大陸上市、香港上市與回臺上市之營運面與證券交易面之表現，由該已上市臺資企業期後財務效益，檢視兩岸三地證券市場籌資之關聯性問題與上市決策之選擇關鍵，及群聚現象對產業發展之影響。 藉由深入分析兩岸三地資本市場之特徵與股市表現，試圖找尋可行途徑，以對臺商企業籌資及臺灣證券市場有所建言。 當全球交易所的合併收購蔚成風氣，紐約證交所(NYSE)於2006年6月以將近100億美元併購協議，以現金加計股票收購歐洲證交所(Euronext)，首次建立橫跨大西洋兩岸的證券交易市場。惟，上市籌資具本土化特性，現今大量中資企業以H股或紅籌股到香港掛牌，而臺資企業亦經過集團分拆或組織重組到香港掛牌，均存在跨境監理之問題，而兩岸三地證券管理制度存在一定差異，若能彼此合作組成「大中華區域證券市場」─雙邊掛牌機制甚或多邊掛牌，則臺灣企業集團在兩岸三地間上市籌資、資金運籌就不會受制於相關兩岸三地間的利益衝突問題；具國際競爭能力之中資企業亦能吸納更多國際資金；香港投資銀行及金融之優勢可以更加發揮，達到三贏之局面。 政治是短暫的，產業經濟競爭能力才是長久的。從曾傲人經濟表現的亞洲四小龍，到金磚四國的崛起，產業經濟競爭不斷在演進，臺商及兩岸三地證券主管機關如何利用兩岸三地證券市場之特性與互補而整合成「大中華區域證券市場」，或許可為此區域經濟創造三贏之利益。 關鍵詞：臺商; 籌資; 投資; 初次上市;再籌資; 掛牌; 資本市場; 股票市場; / With rapid development of Greater China's economy of three places (China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) of two sides, listing in the most suitable exchange to fund-raising by IPO and SPO are quite important for the Taiwan enterprises. An efficient fund-raising platform of the low cost and safe, not only benefit Taiwan enterprises in future competitiveness, but also offer investors safe and efficient invest environment. As CEPA signs coming into force, the trading tied closely between Hong Kong and China. Furthermore, China’s reform of “equity right” is effective and reopens the IPO mechanism at the beginning of 2006. Taiwan enterprise, however, listed on Taiwan stock market has a regulation of 40% limited of equity value invest in China. Those incentives from Hong Kong and China, the limit of Taiwan stock market, have made Taiwan enterprises consider to choose these two places to be listed. In this research, we compare and contrast the characteristics among China, Hong Kong and Taiwan stock markets. Surveying the performance of business operation and dealing of the Taiwan enterprises which have listed in China or Hong Kong or come back to list on Taiwan market. Analyze and find the influence factors of the fund-raising among these three markets. Find the key points of listing decision and how the “cluster effect” influences the industry development. Although the security market of Taiwan was listed by most overseas Taiwan traders ' solve bestly ', may have a great deal of appeal to Taiwan trader's enterprises under the circumstances that people kiss the principle kissed in land , but because promote trade and investment the policy draft that biased to some extent with the influence of receiving the political factor of execution, limit the obstacle of can't invest in China's Mainland to investment upper limit and fund raising funds again of China's Mainlanding etc., the Taiwan trader goes back to the platform to list and face a great deal of pressures, the way to platform is still like near before eyes, but far like the remotest places, its way is endless. Is it is it become Taiwan trader list raise funds ' relatively right to solve ' to select to list on China's Mainland or Hong Kong to seek. How break through regulation between development and Taiwan economy and industry development competitiveness favorable way government department diligent direction at present most under the structure at present. Only, think backward whether untie 40% of the obstacles of upper limit of continent investment, is it be very easily solved that the Taiwan trader go back to the platform to list? The Taiwan trader be the deadly appeal when going to Hongkong and is listed or go to the mainland to list? By probing into the current situations of the development and characteristics of three place security markets of two sides; And has been listed on mainland Taiwan trader's enterprises , Hong Kong is listed and gone back the behavior the listing operation surface of the platform and securities trading , from should already listing Taiwan-owned enterprise financial benefit under issue, inspect two sides three place getting related question and listing choice key of decision that security market raise funds, and the influence on industry development of clustering phenomenon. Behave with the characteristic and stock market of analysing in depth three place capital markets of two sides, attempt to look for the feasible way, suggest to the fund-raising of Taiwan trader's enterprise and security market of Taiwan to some extent. Purchase and become atmosphere luxuriantly in amalgamation in the global exchange, the stock exchange of New York (NYSE ) has already decided an agreement, will add stocks and purchase the European stock exchange (Euronext ) with cash of nearly 10 billion dollars, set up and stretch over the securities trade market of the Atlantic Ocean firstly. Only, listing and raising funds has localization characteristics, a large amount of China-invested enterprises are gone to Hong Kong to list with the H-share or the red chips now, and the Taiwan-owned enterprise also passes the group and breaks or organizes and recombinates to Hong Kong and is listed , the question managed in border exists and steps but there are certain differences in three place securities management systems of two sides, if can cooperate and form ' Greater China regional security market ' each other - Listed the mechanism bilaterally even listed, then the enterprise group of Taiwan is listed on three places of two sides the fund-raising , fund and drawn up plans and would not be situated in the interests conflict question among three places of relevant two sides; The China-invested enterprise with international competitiveness can also receive more Chinese fund ; Hong Kong investment bank and advantage of the finance can give play to the situation up to three wins further . ' politics is transient, industry's economic competitive power is permanent ', Chinese helps Chinese, earns the global money with Chinese's strength of assembling, accords with Chinese's common interests of three places of two sides, regard this as the suggestions of three place securities competent authorities of two sides correctly. Key Word : Taiwan enterprises; Fund-raising; IPO; SPO; Investment: Listing; Capital market; Stock market.