This study tested an experimental approach to use in teaching the concept of functional diversity. The project culminated in a laboratory exercise for use in high schools. Experimental design consisted of representatives of three functional groups of plants, (legumes, grasses, and forbs), planted singly, and in two, or three species combinations. Legumes were represented by Trifolium repens and Medicago lupulina, grasses were represented by Cynodon dactylon and Festuca rubra, and forbs were represented by Helianthus annus and Raphanus sativa. Plants were grown inside a controlled growth chamber. During the growth phase, measurements were taken to highlight temporal differences in development. After two months, wet and dry weights of aboveground and belowground portions were measured as indicators of productivity. Research showed unique developmental patterns related to functional groups. Secondly, functional combination, not functional group number, produced a significant difference in biomass. Laboratory use involves group discussion, active-learning, and higher understanding of conservation.

Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) have been changing the mathematics instruction requirements for many years. Since the tendency of using CAS in mathematics instruction has been rising for decades and reports have often been positive, the implementation of notebook classes seems to be the consequent next step of mathematics instruction supported by computers. Experiences that have been made with the use of CAS in PC-rooms can be transformed directly into the classroom. Hence the use of CAS is no longer limited to certain rooms. The permanent availability of the notebook with installed CAS offers the chance to realize these concepts that have already been approved with the use of CAS so far. The following speech shall show what these concepts could look like and that the use of notebooks is not only the further development of teaching in PC-classes. Examples from personal experience in teaching will especially show meanders and thought-provoking impulses in order to support teachers finding their way into teaching mathematics instruction in notebook classes successfully. Please allow me to point out two things in the beginning: (1) Yes, I am a vehement supporter of the use of notebooks (and the use of CAS in particular) in mathematics instruction. (2) No, I do not believe that teachers who have chosen another path (or at least partly) are teaching badly.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4316.pdf: 1238775 bytes, checksum: 184f08f4295b55fcbc793ca065eb48cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The development of teaching strategies and learning concepts for visual impaired children has been a challenge in researches and educational purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the handling of toys for a child with multiple disabilities (visual impairment and associated disability) could occur in a teaching strategy that would be beneficial to the learning concepts. Therefore it was made a teaching environment with educational toys and games that were used to provide enjoyable and meaningful opportunities for the child, thus benefiting the conditions for the learning concepts. It has participated on this study a five year old girl in the beginning of the research , with multiple disabilities (visual impairment and associated disability), with unconfirmed diagnosis of toxoplasmosis after-effects and cytomegalovirus, who attended an institution of a medium-sized city of the State of Sao Paulo. Interviews were conducted with the mother of the participant and recorded in audio, familiarization sessions and teaching conditions were recorded in video as well. Four of the intervention sessions were examined in order to identify the parameters of analysis and define the episodes in which the context indicated the child's participation in the game with the experimenter and the her interaction with the toy. It was created categories of analysis considering the learning concepts, the actions of the adult and the child's actions in the games planned. Data analysis indicated that the participant played actively and showed satisfaction in activities of non-voice signals, such as shaking the body, beating the hands on the sides of her legs, shaking the head and clapping. Moreover, the adult's action, to contextualize the gestures and body movements from the participant, and the usage, for example, of the anticipation of what would happen in the environment, allowed the child to participate and remain in the game. In the situations in which the child didn't want to play, she turned her head to the opposite side of the experimenter or of the object that had been offered, or they sometimes said "not", or even shook the body from one side to the other, that could be interpreted as impatience, and muttered "Ãaaaaah" or "Iiihhhhh" or "Aaooo" or "Uuuu". The data indicated the importance of an adult mediation during the activities, so he could highlight and orientate the child's attention to: the objects that were at her disposal, the changes she could cause in the toys / objects during handling; the modifications that the objects produced in the environment, and the possibility of repeating the changes produced in the object and the environment. Furthermore, it was considered important that the adult was aware of the context of the game and the usage of the toys in a context. From the data obtained it was allowed to consider the context of games beneficial to the conditions of learning concepts by children with visual impairment and it also reaffirmed the importance of an adult sensitive to the clues offered by the child to create and develop appropriate conditions that promote learning. / O desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem de conceitos para crianças com deficiência visual tem sido um desafio abordado em pesquisas e propostas educacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o manuseio de brinquedos por uma criança com deficiência múltipla (deficiência visual e deficiência física associada) poderia constituir-se em uma estratégia de ensino que favorecesse a aprendizagem de conceitos. Para tanto foi elaborada uma condição de ensino que empregou brinquedos e brincadeiras a fim de proporcionar oportunidades prazerosas e significativas para a criança, favorecendo assim, condições para aprendizagem de conceitos. Participou desse estudo uma menina, com cinco anos de idade no início da pesquisa, com deficiência múltipla (deficiência visual e deficiência física associadas), com diagnóstico não confirmado de sequela de toxoplasmose e citomegalovírus, que frequentava uma instituição de uma cidade de médio porte do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a mãe da participante registradas em audiogravação e sessões videogravadas de familiarização e das condições de ensino. Quatro das sessões de intervenção foram examinadas com a finalidade de se identificar os parâmetros de análise e definir os episódios cujo contexto indicava participação da criança na brincadeira com a experimentadora e a interação dela com o brinquedo. Foram criadas categorias de análise considerando os conceitos trabalhados, as ações do adulto e as ações da criança nas brincadeiras planejadas. A análise dos dados indicou que a participante brincou ativamente e mostrava satisfação nas atividades por sinais não vocais, como agitar o corpo, bater suas mãos nas laterais das próprias pernas, balançar a cabeça e bater palmas. Além disso, a atuação do adulto, ao contextualizar gestos e movimentos corporais da participante, e ao empregar, por exemplo, a antecipação do que aconteceria no ambiente, permitiu que a criança participasse e se mantivesse na brincadeira. Com relação às situações nas quais a criança não queria brincar, ela virava sua cabeça para o lado contrário à experimentadora ou ao objeto que lhe havia sido oferecido, ou, então, algumas vezes dizia, Não qué ; ou, ainda, balançava o corpo de um lado para o outro, de maneira que podia ser interpretada como impaciência e resmungava Ãaaaaah ou Iiihhhhh ou Aaooo ou Uuuuu . Os dados indicaram a importância da mediação do adulto durante as atividades, para que ele destacasse e orientasse a atenção da criança para: os objetos que estavam à disposição dela; as modificações que ela provocava nos brinquedos/objetos, durante a sua manipulação; a modificação que o objeto produzia no ambiente; a possibilidade de repetir as alterações produzidas no objeto e no ambiente. Além disso, considerou-se importante que ele estivesse atento ao contexto da brincadeira e ao uso do brinquedo de maneira contextualizada. Os dados obtidos permitiram considerar que o contexto de brincadeiras propiciou condições para a aprendizagem de conceitos por crianças com deficiência visual e também reafirmou a importância de o adulto estar atento às pistas oferecidas pela criança a fim de criar e desenvolver condições adequadas que favoreçam a aprendizagem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5579.pdf: 2359518 bytes, checksum: 8d2f17c09d02d3cef08d001be90bfbde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The research deals with the teaching of fraction concepts to adolescents with and without visual impairment (blindness and low vision), from fourteen to eighteen. And understanding this as one of the bases for the study of mathematics itself, as well as the school experience as a privileged moment in the construction of citizenship, enabling the student to the complexity of the real world, this research arises from the need to expand scarce teaching experiences on this issue and on the specific difficulties of students of various grade levels to work with fractions. Starting from the presentation of the various experiences on teaching mathematics to visually impaired people in Brazil, since the nineteenth century until today, this study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a procedure for teaching the concept of fractions to three adolescents with visual impairments which could also be used in teaching adolescents with visual sensory system integrity. The approach used was the differential, which focused on investigating the nature and causes of variations in the expression of learning in the population surveyed for this population that underwent evaluation of initial repertoire in two stages , followed by the application of teaching , prepared by the researcher , in two phases , with the final evaluation of repertoire and follow up. Finally, we discussed the educational backwardness of the participants, followed by an evaluation of the use of the general use of materials discrete and continuous, concluding that to investigate the oral and tactile stimulation to selected participants, we observed the formation of mathematical concepts through teaching fractions, both visually impaired teenagers and those with full vision. The objective of the research was achieved, demonstrating the need to rethink part of teaching and its mediation. / A pesquisa versa sobre o ensino do conceito de fração a adolescentes com e sem deficiência visual (cegueira e baixa visão), de quatorze a dezoito anos. E, entendendo-se esse como uma das bases para o estudo da própria matemática, bem como a vivência escolar como um momento privilegiado na construção da cidadania, capacitando o estudante para a complexidade do mundo real, essa pesquisa surge da necessidade de se ampliar as escassas experiências de ensino sobre esta temática específica e sobre as dificuldades dos alunos de diversos níveis escolares para trabalharem com frações. Partindo da apresentação das diversas experiências sobre o ensino da matemática para deficientes visuais no Brasil, desde o século dezenove até os tempos atuais, este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar, aplicar e avaliar um procedimento de ensino do conceito de frações para três adolescentes com deficiência visual, que pudesse ser empregado também no ensino de adolescentes com sistema sensorial visual íntegro. A abordagem utilizada foi a diferencial, que teve como foco investigar a natureza e as causas da expressão das variações de aprendizagem dentro da população pesquisada, para isso esta população foi submetida a avaliação de repertório inicial em duas etapas, seguida da aplicação das atividades de ensino, elaboradas pelo pesquisador, em duas fases distintas, com avaliação de repertório final e follow up. Por fim, foi discutido o atraso escolar dos participantes, seguida da avaliação do uso geral do emprego de materiais discretos e contínuos, concluindo-se que ao se investigar a estimulação tátil e oral nos participantes selecionados, foi possível verificar a formação dos conceitos matemáticos através do ensino de frações, tanto em adolescentes deficientes visuais como naqueles com visão íntegra. Assim, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi atingido, demonstrando-se a necessidade de se repensar parte das atividades de ensino e de sua mediação.

Submitted by PAULA SANTOS OROFINO (paula.orofino@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T19:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Paula Orofino.pdf: 4953067 bytes, checksum: 9cebbebf0a38276579f08360741e2a35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-16T20:16:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 orofino_ps_me_bauru.pdf: 4817251 bytes, checksum: d2464e1b05010cfaab4465664c8ee1e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T20:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 orofino_ps_me_bauru.pdf: 4817251 bytes, checksum: d2464e1b05010cfaab4465664c8ee1e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-17 / As questões de gênero estão presentes de forma direta e indireta nas relações que a sociedade institui e que direcionam os papéis pré-estabelecidos da mulher e/ou do homem, podendo reproduzir desigualdades na vida pessoal e profissional entre os dois. As ciências sociais definem gênero como uma construção social do sexo anatômico e produto da realidade social, ou seja, baseia-se no raciocínio de que há machos e fêmeas na espécie humana, mas a maneira de ser homem ou mulher é realizada pela cultura independente da anatomia de seus corpos. O ambiente escolar pode ser um meio de reprodução de diferenças sociais e imposição de padrões culturais relacionados às questões de gênero, em que educadores e educadoras podem reforçar preconceitos e estereótipos de gênero. É possível observar que as questões de gênero incidem no interesse entre meninos e meninas por carreiras científicas e tecnológicas. Há uma discussão referente a esse tema e que condiz com o Movimento do Programa Escola sem Partido, o qual se faz presente em projetos de leis estaduais e municipais no Brasil e que dispõe sobre a sua inclusão no sistema educacional de ensino. Entre vários pressupostos, o movimento veta a aplicação dos postulados da Teoria ou Ideologia de Gênero. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar as concepções de educadores da área de Ciências da Natureza (Biologia, Física e Química),de uma rede estadual de ensino,a respeito do Programa Escola sem Partido e das questões de gênero no que condiz com a presença de mulheres nas carreiras científicas e tecnológicas.Para fundamentar a análise, esta pesquisa utiliza como referencial teórico as ideias de Paulo Freire presentes em sua obra “Pedagogia do Oprimido”. A constituição dos dados é formada por questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturada se a análise dos dados utiliza como referência a Análise de Conteúdo Categorial proposta por Laurence Bardin.Os resultados mostram que as concepções dos educadores a respeito do Programa Escola sem Partido apresentam a força da falsa dicotomia expressa pelo programa: a existência de uma escola “com” partido. Essas concepções são baseadas em argumentações contraditórias e não corroboram com a própria Natureza da Ciência e com as pesquisas do ensino de ciências que objetivam formar cidadãos autônomos e críticos. Com relação às questões de gênero, muitos desses educadores não compreendem o gênero como uma construção social do sexo anatômico e produto da realidade social, porém reconhecem que, atualmente, há uma maior atuação das mulheres no meio científico, embora já tenham presenciado situações que representam as dificuldades que as mulheres têm com relação à discriminação e aos preconceitos que sofrem ao se referirem à maternidade e às questões familiares, ao assédio e às carreiras pré-estabelecidas para homens e mulheres. / Gender issues are present in a direct and indirect way in the relations established by society and that direct the pre-established roles of women and / or men and can reproduce inequalities in personal and professional life between the two. The social sciences define gender as a social construction of the anatomical sex and product of social reality, that is, it is based on the reasoning that there are males and females in the human species, but the way of being male or female is realized by the culture independent of anatomy of their bodies. The school environment can be a means of reproducing social differences and imposing cultural patterns related to gender issues, in which educators can reinforce gender biases and stereotypes. It is possible to observe that gender issues focus on the interest between boys and girls for scientific and technological careers. There is a discussion regarding this theme and that is in line with the Movement of the School without the Party Program, which is present in projects of state and municipal laws in Brazil and that provides for their inclusion in the educational system of education. Among several assumptions, the movement vetoes the application of the postulates of the Theory or Ideology of Gender. In this perspective, this research aims to identify the conceptions of educators in the area of Natural Sciences (Biology, Physics and Chemistry) of a state education network regarding the School without the Party Program and the gender issues in that it matches the presence of women in scientific and technological careers. In order to base the analysis, this research uses as theoretical reference the ideas of Paulo Freire present in his work "Pedagogy of the Oppressed". Data collection consists of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and data analysis uses the Categorical Content Analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin. The results show that the educators' conceptions of the Non-Party School Program show the strength of the false dichotomy expressed by the program: the existence of a "with" school. These conceptions are based on contradictory arguments and do not corroborate with the very Nature of Science and with the researches of science teaching that aim to form autonomous and critical citizens. Regarding gender issues, many of these educators do not understand gender as a social construct of anatomical sex and a product of social reality, but recognize that there is now a greater role for women in science, although they have already witnessed situations that represent the difficulties women face in relation to discrimination and the prejudices they suffer when they refer to motherhood and family issues, harassment and the pre-established careers for men and women.

Im Verlauf der Corona-Pandemie postulierten Hochschulen mit sozialen, personenbezogenen Studiengängen wie Soziale Arbeit, Kindheitspädagogik oder Pflege, die Notwendigkeit, an einem Höchstmaß von Präsenzlehre festhalten zu wollen. Allzu oft wurde die Ersatzfunktion digitaler Lehre in den Vordergrund gestellt, über den Eigenwert digitaler Lehrkonzepte wurde kaum diskutiert. So war es dann auch nicht verwunderlich, dass Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit der ehs Dresden mit einer Plakataktion „Soziale Arbeit braucht Begegnungen“ gegen die Beibehaltung der digitalen Lehre im zweiten Jahr der Corona-Pandemie protestieren, weil sie schlichtweg keinen Mehrwert für ihr Studium und späteres Berufsleben darin erkennen konnten. In Diskussionen mit diesen Studierenden wurde deutlich: Die fehlende Verankerung von Digital Literacy in den sozialen, personenbezogenen Studiengängen führt zu einer von Skepsis begleiteten Nutzung digitaler Medien, die auf Krisenszenarien reduziert wird. Aus Perspektive einer hochschuldidaktischen und professionsorientierten Perspektive muss dies (mindestens) zwei Fragen aufwerfen: - Sind die Berufsfelder in den sozialen, personenbezogenen Dienstleistungen tatsächlich so „digitalisierungsfern“, dass Digital Literacy im Studium vernachlässigt werden kann? - Braucht es für digitale Lehre vielleicht eine eigene Definition von Beziehungsarbeit und wie könnte diese lauten? Diese beiden Fragen werden seit Herbst 2021 im Hochschulentwicklungsprojekt BediRa, gefördert von der Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre, bearbeitet. [Aus: Einleitung]

L’enseignement des sciences et de la technologie (ST) est dans une condition précaire dans les écoles primaires du Québec. Plusieurs recherches ont démontré que les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) peuvent aider les enseignants à favoriser les apprentissages des élèves dans certaines matières dont en ST (Baron, 2001; Becta, 2005; Tardif, 1998). D’ailleurs, Linard (2001) maintient que les TIC, dans le domaine des apprentissages, peuvent faciliter l’exécution de plusieurs tâches cognitives telles qu’agir, interagir, s’informer, explorer, échanger, expérimenter, créer, etc. Cette recherche décrit les pratiques d’enseignement en ST d’enseignants Maîtres-TIC (MTIC) lors de l’intégration des TIC. Nous avons opté pour une recherche heuristique à méthodologie mixte. Des enseignants MTIC et des étudiants de quatrième année MTIC ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne. Ensuite, une enseignante a été interviewée pour dresser un portrait plus détaillé des pratiques d’enseignement. À l’aide des données obtenues, nous avons réussi à créer une liste d’avantages de l’intégration des TIC en enseignement des ST ainsi qu’une liste des difficultés liées à cette intégration. Une liste des différentes applications TIC réalisées en enseignement des ST par les enseignants et les étudiants questionnés a aussi été ressortie des données de la recherche. De plus, une liste des avantages de la formation Maître-TIC de l’Université de Montréal a été créée en fonction des données recueillies. Puis, nous précisons quelques apports de cette recherche relatifs aux objectifs de départ et à l’évolution de la formation MTIC. / The teaching of science and technology is in precarious condition in Quebec’s elementary schools. The information and communication technologies (ICT) can help teachers to promote students’ learning in their science education. This research first describes « Maître- TIC» teacher’s practice in science and technology then concerns itself with the ICT integration in the teaching of sciences in elementary schools. Our work includes an heuristic research with a mixed methodology. Some « Maître-TIC » teachers and fourth-year « Maître- TIC » students respond to an online survey. Then, a teacher was interviewed in order to provide a more detailed picture of her teaching practices. Using the data obtained, we created a list of the advantages and difficulties inherent to ICT integration in the teaching of science. We also made a list of various applications of ICT realised in science education by the teachers of this study. A final list has been set up with all the advantages of the University of Montreal’s « Maître-TIC » formation as cited by the teachers and the students. Finally, we specify some contributions of this research to the original objectives and to the evolution of the « Maître-TIC » formation.

Der Beitrag formuliert Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen einem musikdidaktischen Konzept „Aufbauender Musikunterricht“ und einem als „Musikpraxen erfahren“ konkretisierten Konzept ästhetischer und kultureller Bildung. In vier Abschnitten werden (1) Gemeinsamkeiten, (2) Populäre Musik in „Aufbauendem Musikunterricht“ und „Musikpraxen erfahren“, (3) Musikbegriffe sowie (4) Einwände und Erwiderungen dargestellt. Im vierten Teil werden in dialogischer Form das Verhältnis von schulischen Lernsituationen und musikalischer Erfahrung, die jeweilige Normativität des musikpädagogischen Musikbegriffs, die jeweilige Sach- und Schülerorientierung, das Verhältnis von instruktiven und offenen Lehr-Lernsituationen und Konzepte für einen roten Faden im Musikunterricht reflektiert. Das jeweilige Verständnis von dem, was unter Musik verstanden wird, erweist sich als folgenreich für das musikdidaktische Konzept. / The article deals with similarities and differences between a music teaching concept "Music teaching step by step" and an alternative one which is specified as a concept of aesthetic and cultural education known as "Experiencing musical practices". Topics are exposed in four sections: (1) common positions, (2) the role of popular music within "Music teaching step by step" as well as within "Experiencing musical practices", (3) what does "music" mean? and (4) objections and replies. The fourth section is presenting a dialogue, dealing with the relation between learning situations in the classroom and musical experience, as well as with the specific normativity of the music teaching concepts. Moreover, this chapter is asking, if the concepts are appropriate to the subject's and to the pupil's needs and if these concepts take into account the ratio of instructive teaching versus open teaching-learning situations as tools to increase the learning outcomes. The particular understanding of what we mean by "music" is seen to be crucial for music teaching concepts.

Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) have been changing the mathematics instruction requirements for many years. Since the tendency of using CAS in mathematics instruction has been rising for decades and reports have often been positive, the implementation of notebook classes seems to be the consequent next step of mathematics instruction supported by computers. Experiences that have been made with the use of CAS in PC-rooms can be transformed directly into the classroom. Hence the use of CAS is no longer limited to certain rooms. The permanent availability of the notebook with installed CAS offers the chance to realize these concepts that have already been approved with the use of CAS so far. The following speech shall show what these concepts could look like and that the use of notebooks is not only the further development of teaching in PC-classes. Examples from personal experience in teaching will especially show meanders and thought-provoking impulses in order to support teachers finding their way into teaching mathematics instruction in notebook classes successfully. Please allow me to point out two things in the beginning: (1) Yes, I am a vehement supporter of the use of notebooks (and the use of CAS in particular) in mathematics instruction. (2) No, I do not believe that teachers who have chosen another path (or at least partly) are teaching badly.

Der Beitrag formuliert Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen einem musikdidaktischen Konzept „Aufbauender Musikunterricht“ und einem als „Musikpraxen erfahren“ konkretisierten Konzept ästhetischer und kultureller Bildung. In vier Abschnitten werden (1) Gemeinsamkeiten, (2) Populäre Musik in „Aufbauendem Musikunterricht“ und „Musikpraxen erfahren“, (3) Musikbegriffe sowie (4) Einwände und Erwiderungen dargestellt. Im vierten Teil werden in dialogischer Form das Verhältnis von schulischen Lernsituationen und musikalischer Erfahrung, die jeweilige Normativität des musikpädagogischen Musikbegriffs, die jeweilige Sach- und Schülerorientierung, das Verhältnis von instruktiven und offenen Lehr-Lernsituationen und Konzepte für einen roten Faden im Musikunterricht reflektiert. Das jeweilige Verständnis von dem, was unter Musik verstanden wird, erweist sich als folgenreich für das musikdidaktische Konzept. / The article deals with similarities and differences between a music teaching concept "Music teaching step by step" and an alternative one which is specified as a concept of aesthetic and cultural education known as "Experiencing musical practices". Topics are exposed in four sections: (1) common positions, (2) the role of popular music within "Music teaching step by step" as well as within "Experiencing musical practices", (3) what does "music" mean? and (4) objections and replies. The fourth section is presenting a dialogue, dealing with the relation between learning situations in the classroom and musical experience, as well as with the specific normativity of the music teaching concepts. Moreover, this chapter is asking, if the concepts are appropriate to the subject''s and to the pupil''s needs and if these concepts take into account the ratio of instructive teaching versus open teaching-learning situations as tools to increase the learning outcomes. The particular understanding of what we mean by "music" is seen to be crucial for music teaching concepts.