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La suprématie interprétative des juridictions constitutionnelles : étude comparée en droit français et colombien / The interpretative supremacy of constitutional jurisdictions : A comparative study on French and Colombian LawSilva-Arroyave, Sergio-Orlando 12 July 2017 (has links)
Les juridictions constitutionnelles ont sans doute de larges compétences interprétatives. Toutefois, l’ampleur de ces compétences varie dans les différents ordres juridiques selon l’aptitude que les autres organes et autorités de l’Etat peuvent adopter devant ces interprétations. Une juridiction constitutionnelle a une suprématie interprétative dans un Etat en particulier si ses interprétations doivent être obligatoirement respectées et appliquées par tous les autres organes et autorités de l’Etat. Si ses interprétations sont seulement obligatoires pour quelques autorités, cette juridiction constitutionnelle a simplement une compétence interprétative supérieure vis-à-vis de ces autorités. Afin d’identifier les plus larges compétences interprétatives des juridictions constitutionnelles, la démarche comparative est hautement recommandée parce qu’elle permet de distinguer plus facilement les limitations que ces juridictions peuvent rencontrer dans leurs ordres juridiques respectifs. Ainsi, en suivant cette démarche, seront identifiées l’ampleur des compétences interprétatives des juridictions constitutionnelles française et colombienne et leurs répercussions dans chacun de leurs Etats. / Constitutional jurisdictions should have wide interpretative powers. However, the scope of these competences varies in different legal systems depending on the ability of other authorities to adopt such interpretations. A constitutional court has interpretative supremacy in a particular State, if its interpretations are binding for all other departments of the State. If its interpretations are just binding for some authorities, this constitutional court would simply have a superior interpretative competence toward those authorities. In order to determine the broader interpretative powers of the constitutional courts, the comparative approach is highly recommended because it makes easier to distinguish the limitations that these jurisdictions may encounter in their respective legal systems. In this way, the scope of the interpretative powers of the French and Colombian constitutional courts will be identified as well as their repercussions in each of its states.
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Role ústavního soudu v ochraně životního prostředí. / The role of the Constitutional Court in the environmental protection.Domesová, Simona January 2017 (has links)
This thesis aims to find out what the role of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic in environmental protection is. It should be found out through analysis of the case-law in this field. At first it follows up the characteristics and history of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. It continues by talking about sources of environmental law and the most important chapter contains analysis of the cases. The thesis discusses the right to the favorable environment, the right to environmental information, the EIA procedure, the Aarhus Convention and the collision of the right to a favorable environment with other rights and freedoms as the most important topics. The thesis showed that the Constitutional Court ruled several times during his practice significantly in favor of the environment. But the less positive conclusion of the thesis is that Czech Republic law does not fully comply with the Aarhus Convention despite it is our obligation. The Constitutional Court will surely deal with this topic again. And the praxes will show us whether we are able to move our legislation closer to public participation in the processess related to the environment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Služba pro ověření spolehlivosti a pečlivosti českých advokátů / A Service for Verification of Czech AttorneysJílek, Radim January 2017 (has links)
This thesis deals with the design and implementation of the Internet service, which allows to objectively assess and verify the reliability and diligence of Czech lawyers based on publicly available data of several courts. The aim of the thesis is to create and put into operation this service. The result of the work are the programs that provide partial actions in the realization of this intention.
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Diplomatic Protection Against Acts of Intergovernmental OrgansGramlich, Ludwig 08 December 2008 (has links)
Das herkömmliche völkerrechtliche Institut des diplomatischen Schutzes ist im Verhältnis zwischen Staaten (als originären Völkerrechtssubjekten) entstanden. Aber auch intergouvernmentale Organisationen sind in der Lage, Maßnahmen mit unmittelbarer Rechtswirkung gegenüber Einzelpersonen zu treffen, so daß auch hier die Frage aufzuwerfen ist, wann und mit welchen Mitteln der jeweilige Heimatstaat die (Grund-)Rechte seiner Staatsangehörigen gegenüber einer solchen Organisation geltend machen kann.
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Informe para la sustentación de expediente: N° 02005-2009-PA/TCLazo Delgado, Debora Ivette 25 February 2021 (has links)
En este trabajo, más allá del análisis y veredicto que se realizará de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional (en adelante, “TC”) N° 02005-2009-PA/TC, es fundamental para la autora destacar la importancia que tiene el reconocimiento de los derechos sexuales, reproductivos y, de forma más amplia, el derecho a la libertad personal y dignidad que tienen todas las personas y familias; los cuales les permiten desarrollar, a voluntad propia, su proyecto de vida, el cual implica, dentro de otras cosas, la planificación familiar de cada individuo.
En la sentencia en cuestión, el TC decidió retirar los Anticonceptivos Orales de Emergencia (en adelante, “AOE”), más conocidos como la Píldora del Día Siguiente, del listado de métodos anticonceptivos que el Ministerio de Salud había establecido para la ejecución de su programa estatal de planificación familiar, el cual tiene como finalidad propiciar el bienestar sexual y desarrollo humano de las personas.
A estimación de la autora, resulta crucial entender cómo esta decisión del TC afecta, no solo a las familias en su planificación familiar, sino también a las mujeres de sectores socioeconómicos bajos; puesto que, además de ir en contra de los derechos mencionados en el primer párrafo, esta sentencia “resuelve” la controversia de una forma discriminatoria, ya que deja la posibilidad abierta a que las personas puedan acceder a este método anticonceptivo en el sector privado; sin embargo, restringe esta posibilidad para aquellas mujeres que no tienen la posibilidad de acceder por sus propios medios a esta pastilla. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Informe para la sustentación de sentencia: Pleno sentencia N° 641/2021Mucha Escalante, Valeria del Pilar 03 December 2021 (has links)
El presente informe versa sobre un caso en específico -y originado en el departamento de Madre de Dios- que ha trascendido en la legislación peruana, toda vez que a través del Pleno Sentencia 641/2021, se le exhorta al Congreso de la República a la modificación del artículo 20 del Código Civil Peruano recalcando que dicho texto legal no impone un orden de prelación sobre los apellidos que se le asignará al hijo.
Este caso se remonta al año 2019, cuando Marcelina Rudas Valer a favor de su hija, Jhojana Rudas Guedes, acuden ante el Tribunal Constitucional con el fin de interponer un Hábeas Corpus contra el jefe institucional del Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil (RENIEC) solicitando que el apellido materno de la representada se consigne primero que el paterno; y así, se le emita su DNI con el nombre por el cual esta se identifica tanto socialmente como legalmente: Jhojana Rudas Guedes.
Ante ello, el objetivo del presente informe es analizar la importancia del derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación (de género) en la sociedad actual y cómo este influye en el derecho a la identidad de nuestros hijos. ¿Cómo debería de interpretarse el artículo 20° del Código Civil Peruano? Por un lado, desde siempre se asumió “estrictamente” que el orden de los apellidos es: primero el paterno y posteriormente, el materno; por otro lado, se discute que esta disposición legal no impone un orden de prelación de apellidos, sino por el contrario, debería de entenderse como una fuente de igualdad.
Asimismo, se brindará un breve alcance sobre los derechos fundamentales, las diferentes posturas y pronunciamientos de los magistrados peruanos con respecto al caso de Jhojana Rudas Guedes y cómo es que esta última logra obtener un fallo favorable en el máximo órgano de interpretación, dando un giro a la historia del Perú. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Dialogue of the Courts in Europe: Interactions between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Courts of the ECHR Member StatesValiullina, Farida 15 December 2017 (has links)
Aufgrund des wachsenden Bedarfs an kohärenter Interaktion zwischen dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, dem Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union und den Gerichten der EMRK-Mitgliedstaaten, untersucht diese Arbeit die Problematik von Kompetenzkonflikten, die die Glaubwürdigkeit der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe untergraben und die Effektivität des gerichtlichen Rechtsschutzes in Europa schwächen, und schlägt die Lösungen vor, um Rechtsprechungskonflikte zwischen den Gerichtshöfen zu verringern. Es erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Fragen, wie Inkonsistenzen der gerichtlichen Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichte vermieden werden können, wie der Beitritt der EU zur EMRK angegangen werden kann und wie das Piloturteilsverfahren des EGMR und nationalen gerichtlichen Überprüfungsverfahren wirksam funktionieren kann. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es für die Koordination der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Gerichten wichtig ist, ihre Interaktionen zu verstärken, indem bewährte Verfahren auf allen Ebenen ausgetauscht werden. Um eine tiefere Integration der Staaten in die europäische und internationale Gemeinschaft zu erreichen und das Risiko von sich widersprechenden gerichtlichen Entscheidungen zu reduzieren, wird von den Mitgliedstaaten erwartet, dass sie ihre Verpflichtungen aus dem EU-Recht und der EMRK verlässlich erfüllen, und die europäischen Gerichtshöfe werden ihrerseits die Möglichkeit eines Eingriffs in die Souveränität der Staaten ausschlieβen lassen. Nur wenn einvernehmlich beschlossene Lösungen angenommen werden, wird eine größere Kohärenz in Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe erreicht und ein einheitliches System zum Schutz der Menschenrechte gewährleistet. / In light of the growing need to establish a coherent relationship between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the courts of the ECHR member states, this study explores the challenges of jurisdictional competition that undermine the credibility of the courts and weaken the effectiveness of judicial protection of fundamental rights in Europe, and suggests ways to reduce emerging judicial tensions between these courts. It examines how to avoid inconsistencies in judicial practices of the European and national courts, how to approach accession of the EU to the ECHR, and how to ensure effective functioning of the pilot judgment mechanism and national judicial review procedures. It concludes that in order to coordinate cooperation between the courts it is important to strengthen their interactions through adhering to best practices at all levels. To pursue deeper integration of states into the European and international community and minimise the chance of rendering contradicting judgments by the courts, member states are expected to comply faithfully with their obligations under EU law and the ECHR, and the European courts shall exclude the possibility of encroachment on state sovereignty. Only if mutually agreed solutions are adopted will a greater consistency in their case law be achieved and a uniform system of protection of human rights ensured.
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The constitutionality of vicarious liability in the context of the South African labour law : a comparative studyVan Eeden, Albert Jacob 03 July 2014 (has links)
If the expectancy that someone was to act according to what we deem to be his or her “duty” was that straightforward, there would be no need to address the issues of liability of the employee for the wrongful acts of the employer. The recent - and some say alarming - trend in South Africa to hold employers (particularly the government) liable for wrongful, culpable acts committed by their employees, gives rise to difficulties and any inquiry into the possible vicarious liability of the employer should necessarily always start by asking whether there was in fact a wrongful, culpable act committed by the employee. If not, there can neither be direct liability of the employee nor vicarious liability by the employer. Where the employee did indeed commit a delict, the relationship between the wrongdoer and his or her employer at the time of the wrongdoing becomes important. It is then often, in determining whether the employee was acting in the scope of his or her employment that normative issues come to the fore. Over the years South African courts have devised tests to determine whether an employee was in fact acting in the scope of his employment. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Stumbling on the essential content of a right : an insurmountable hurdle for the state?Bernstein, David Martin 01 1900 (has links)
Section 33(1)(b) is fraught with borrowed provisions. The end-product marries
German and Canadian features. The failure of the German Constitutional
Courts to interpret the "essential content of a right" precipitated the adopted
infant's bumpy landing in South Africa. That the sibling still lacks identity is
evidenced by our Constitutional Court's evasive and superficial treatment of the
clause. Section 33(1)(a) - proportionality prong enables judges to justify their
neglect of Section 33(1)(b). The opinion is expressed that Section 33(1){b)
demands interpretation but to date it has been shrouded in vagueness. After
all without demarcating boundaries with sufficient precision and highlighting
where the State may not tread the State may trespass. Alternatively the
limitable nature of human rights could become a myth as Section 33(1)(b) could
be transformed into an insurmountable hurdle for the State, rendering every
right absolute in practice. A workable conceptual framework proposes an
inverted, porous and value imbibing solution. / Law / LL.M.
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La mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme dans le nouveau contexte fédéral russe : (1993-2012) / Implementation of the european convention of human rights in the new context of russian federalismKouznetsov, Serguei 22 December 2012 (has links)
Après la chute de l’Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques en décembre 1991, la Fédération de Russie affirme à maintes reprises son engagement à suivre un développement démocratique et à faire partie de « l’Europe sans frontières ». Pour atteindre cet objectif, elle adhère à toute une série de traités européens, entre autres, à la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales. Toutefois, malgré la volonté affichée par la Russie de faire partie du système européen de protection des droits fondamentaux, les problèmes de transition politique, institutionnelle et économique rendent cette tâche très difficile. Entre autres le fédéralisme, qu’on peut qualifier de « complexe », crée un système juridique très singulier dont certains éléments ne sont pas toujours compatibles avec les instruments internationaux en matière des droits de l’homme ratifiés par la Russie. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les problèmes de la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales et des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme en Fédération de Russie et leur possible influence sur le développement des instruments de protection des droits fondamentaux dans les conditions du système fédéral existant en Russie. / After the fall of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1991, the Russian Federation stated repeatedly its commitment to democratic development and to be part of "Europe without borders". To achieve this goal it joins a number of European treaties, among others, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. However, despite the willingness of Russia to be part of the European system of protection of fundamental rights, the problems of political transition, economic and institutional development make this task very difficult. Among other the federalism, which could be qualified as "complex", creates a very singular legal system. Some of its elements are not always compatible with international instruments on human rights protection ratified by Russia. The objective of this work is to study the problems of implementation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian Federation and their possible influence on the development of national instruments for the protection of fundamental rights under the Russian federal system.
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