Efficiency improvement is one of the most important aspects of engineering and especially important in the field of energy production. In the past decades, energy was mostly produced by fossil based technologies involving turbomachines, and the efficiency of these machines nearly quadrupled since the introduction of the first economically viable gas turbines. The progress continues, as there are still areas where improvement can be made. Such area is the High Pressure Turbine stage (HPT), which influences the flow characteristics and losses downstream, which this thesis will examine in more detail. In the open literature it can be found that one of the areas with potential for progress is the external cooling of the nozzle guide vanes (NGV) of the HPT stage. However not many studies go towards supersonic exit velocities even though that is the most common trend followed by the industry these days. The external cooling allows the turbine entry temperature (TET) to go beyond the melting point of the blade material thus increase Carnot efficiency but in the meantime influences the flow characteristics and losses. To understand these influences of the cooling, experiments in an annular sector cascade (ASC) were conducted with exit velocities from Mach 0.95 to 1.2 without and with cooling applied. The findings of the experiments are believed to help the more detailed understanding of the flow behaviour at high exit velocities. When comparing the corresponding runs in the two cases it became obvious that with cooling applied the deviation of the exit flow angle is generally smaller than in the uncooled case. This might be a highly important design feature for designers to work with. From the available data it was concluded that the total pressure distribution across the span is not significantly affected with the introduction of cooling.

Over the last two decades, most developed countries have reached a consensus that greener energy production is necessary for the world, due to the climate changes and limited fossil fuel resources. More efficient turbine is desirable and can be archived by higher turbine-inlet temperature (TIT). However, it is difficult for nozzle guide vane (NGV), which is the first stage after combustion chamber, to withstand a very high temperature. Thus, cooling methods such as film cooling have to be implemented. Film-cooled NGV of an annular sector cascade (ASC) is studied in this thesis, for getting comprehensive calculation of vorticity, and analyzing applicability of existing loss models, namely Hartsel model and Young & Wilcock model. The flow-field calculation methods from previously published studies are reviewed. Literatures focusing on Hartsel model and Young & Wilcock model are studied. Measurement data from previously published studies are analyzed and compared with the loss models. In order to get experience of how measurements take place, participation of a test run experiment is involved. Calculation of flow vector has been evaluated and modified. Actual flow angle is introduced when calculating velocity components. Thus, more exact results are obtained from the new method. Calculation of vorticity has been evaluated and made more comprehensive. Vorticity components as well as magnitude of total streamwise vorticity are calculated and visualized. Vorticity is higher and more extensive for fully cooled case than uncooled case. Highest vorticity is found at regions near the hub, tip and TE. Axial and circumferential vorticities show similar patterns, while the radial vorticity is relatively simpler. Compressibility is introduced as a new method when calculating circumferential and radial vorticities, resulting more extensive and higher vorticities than results from incompressible solutions. Hartsel model and Young & Wilcock model have been evaluated and compared to the ASC to see the applicability of the models. In general, Hartsel model cannot agree with the ASC to a satisfactory level and thus cannot be applied. Coolant velocity is found to be the dominant factor of Hartsel model. Young & Wilcock model may match SS1 and SS2 cases, or even PS and SH4 cases, but cannot match TE case. The applicability of Young & Wilcock model is much dependent on the location of cooling rows.

This study evaluates the perceived credibility of a technical chatbot based on its communication style - the way it interacts with its users embodied through text and emojis. A chatbot’s initial communication style was compared to a humble version. The humble communication style was developed from a design workshop held together with six participants and is presented in this paper as a design style guide. The perceived credibility was divided into six dimensions; Competence, Goodwill, Honesty, Predictability, Reputation, and Trustworthiness. The results from the evaluation of the two chatbot versions showed that the credibility was, in general, perceived higher for the chatbot using a humble communication style. Two exceptions were found; (1) the dimension of Trustworthiness stayed at the same level between the versions, and (2) the dimension of Goodwill was perceived higher for the chatbot not using the humble communication style. The satisfaction with the chatbot was measured and resulted in an NPS of 17 for the chatbot using the humble communication style compared to a negative score of -16 for the chatbot not using it. This study found that a more humble communication style would not harm the perceived credibility of a technical professional chatbot. / Den här studien utvärderar den upplevda trovärdigheten hos en teknisk chatbot baserat på dess kommunikationsstil - hur den interagerar med sina användare genom text och emojis. En chatbots initiala kommunikationsstil jämfördes med en ödmjuk version. Den ödmjuka kommunikationsstilen utvecklades från en designworkshop och presenteras i denna studie som en designguide. Den upplevda trovärdigheten delades upp i 6 dimensioner; Kompetens, Välvilja, Ärlighet, Förutsägbarhet, Rykte, och Pålitlighet. Resultatet av utvärderingen av de två chatbot versionerna visade att trovärdigheten upplevdes generellt högre för den ödmjukare chatboten. Två undantag påvisades dock; (1) Pålitlighet blev oförändrad mellan de två kommunikationsstilarna, och (2) Välvilja resulterade i ett högre värde hos den initiala kommunikationsstilen. Användarnas tillfredsställelse med chatboten utvärderades och resulterade i ett NPS värde på 17 för chatboten som använde den ödmjuka kommunikationsstilen igämförelse med ett negativt värde på -16 för chatboten som använde den initiala kommunikationsstilen. Denna studie visade att en mer ödmjuk kommunikationsstil inte skadar den upplevda trovärdigheten hos en teknisk professionell chatbot.

This study aims to discover how author’s neologisms in Douglas Adams’s science fiction novel The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy were translated in its only existing official Japanese translation by Kazumi Yasuhara. It also tries to answer the question of whether the type of a neologism influenced the translator’s choices when translating it. The study uses a hundred neologisms from the novel, classifying them and their translation strategies using classification systems proposed by Peter Newmark in his 1988 work A Textbook of Translation.  It is concluded that the type of a neologism did indeed have an influence on which strategies the translator chose to use when translating it. Overall, the most common strategies proved to be couplet, i.e., a combination of several strategies, naturalisation, i.e., transliteration and adaptation to target language conventions, and through translation, i.e., literal translation of all components of a compound word or collocation.

This study aims to explore students’ use of study guide websites when assigned novels and similar literary works in the EFL classroom in Swedish upper secondary schools. The study is based on the mixed-method approach and the findings reveal that all students that participated in the questionnaire and the interviews used study guide websites in a sense. By further exploring the reasons behind the use of these websites, three categories were discovered based on the conducted interviews: time, comprehension and interest. The findings also reveal that a few students used the study guide websites as an aid, other students used them to substitute reading the assigned literary work, while a few students used the study guide websites both as an aid and as a substitute. Finally, the study concludes that all the participants from the interviews acknowledge that study guide websites cannot substitute literary works entirely and even though they acknowledge the use of them, they do not believe that these websites include enough detailed information about the literary work.

De nombreuses structures utilisées industriellement peuvent être considérées comme des guides d'ondes, comme les plaques, les tuyaux ou encore le rails. La maintenance de ces structures nécessite de pouvoir détecter efficacement des défauts internes par le Contrôle Non Destructif. Nous nous intéressons dans ce manuscrit à l'application d'une méthode d'échantillonnage, la Linear Sampling Method, au CND des guides d'ondes élastiques, qui en particulier impose des sollicitations et des mesures à la surface du guide en régime temporel. La stratégie choisie repose sur une formulation modale et multi-fréquentielle de la LSM, spécifique aux guides d'ondes, qui permet une régularisation efficace et de nature physique du problème inverse, qui est par nature mal posé. Cette stratégie permet par ailleurs une optimisation du nombre et de la position des émetteurs et des récepteurs. Nous nous limitons dans un premier temps au cas scalaire du guide d'ondes acoustiques, pour ensuite s'attaquer au cas vectoriel, et par conséquent plus complexe, du guide d'ondes élastiques.L'efficacité de la méthode inverse est dans un premier temps démontrée sur des données artificielles (obtenues numériquement), puis sur des données réelles obtenues à l'aide d'expériences réalisées sur des plaques métalliques. Ces expériences confirment la faisabilité du CND par méthode d'échantillonnage dans un cadre industriel. Dans le cas où une seule sollicitation est réalisée, l'utilisation de la LSM est exclu. Nous utilisons une approche tout à fait différente et dite "extérieure", couplant une formulation mixte de quasi-réversibilité et une méthode de lignes de niveau, pour reconstruire le défaut. / Widely used structures in an industrial context, such as plates, pipes or rails, can be considered as waveguides. Hence efficient Non Destructive Testing techniques are needed in order to detect defects in these structure during their maintenance. This work is about adapting a sampling method, the Linear Sampling Method, to the context of NDT for elastic waveguides. This context implies that the sollicitations and measurements must be on the surface of the waveguide in a time-dependent regime. A modal and multi-frequency formulation of the LSM, specific to waveguides, has been chosen to solve the problem. This formulation allows an efficient and physical regularization of the inverse problem, which is naturally ill-posed. An optimization of the number of sources and measurements and of their positioning is possible thanks to the methodology used to solve the problem. The scalar case of an acoustic waveguide is considered as a first step, while the vectorial case of an elastic waveguide, more complex by nature, is addressed in a second time.The efficiency of the method is at first tested on artificial data (numerically made), and then on real data obtained from experiments on metallic plates. These experiments show the feasibility of using sampling methods for Non Destructive Testing in an industrial context. In the case when only one sollicitation is available, the LSM can not be applied. A completely different approach is then used, which is called the ``exterior'' approach, coupling a mixed formulation of quasi-reversibility and a level-set method in order to recover the shape of the defect.

With increasing urban expansion and rising global demand for food production, integrating aquaponics within the urban contexts can be considered an alternative sustainable solution to enrich the local production and self-sufficiency. In this research, we aim to study the aquaponics system and provide a design guide for implementing the urban version of the system in the city of Malmo. The design guide will be also practically tested in a form of an architectural proposal at the end of the research. To reach the results, various case studies and academic research were investigated. In addition to other qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as interviews, questionnaire, and ethnographic studies that contributed to making progress during the research’s different phases. The analysis of data was to generate sustainable bases for urban aquaponics that go in line with the city’s conditions and citizens’ aspirations. Accordingly, several methods and techniques were deducted to be used for the sustainable integration of the aquaponics system within the urban context of Malmo. Nevertheless, the integration process can contribute to including other operations with the aim of increasing aquaponics sustainability and solving urban issues within the context. However, the design guide produced in this paper is mainly for the city of Malmo, but it can be adjusted to other social and geographical contexts.

Abstract Cognitive narratology constitutes the study of mind-related aspects of storytelling embracing the nexus of narrative and mind. Theorists in the sphere of cognitive narratology believe that the mental capacities of the reader provide basis for narrative experience involving him or her in the process of co-creation of narrative worlds. This paper examines how The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams engages the reader in the process of co-creation of the narrative world of these novels. The theory of narrative worldmaking is the theoretical framework of this thesis. The analysis of Adams’s novels is structured around three key parameters for the narrative worldmaking: characters, space, and time. As this thesis demonstrates, characters, space, and time as the key elements of Adams’s storytelling strategy prompt readers to use their imagination to a high degree to co-create the narrative world of the novels. / Kognitiv narratologi innebär studie av sinnesrelaterade aspekter av berättande som omfattar kopplingen mellan berättelse och sinne. Teoretiker inom sfären av kognitiv narratologi tror att läsarens mentala kapacitet utgör grunden för narrativa erfarenheter som involverar henom i processen för medskapande av narrativa världar. Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur Liftarens Guide till Galaxen av Douglas Adams engagerar läsaren i ett samskapande av den narrativa världen i dessa romaner. Teorin om narrativt världsskapande är det teoretiska ramverket för denna uppsats. Analysen av Adams romaner är uppbyggd kring tre nyckelparametrar för det narrativa världsskapandet: karaktärer, rum och tid. Som denna uppsats visar, får karaktärer, rum och tid som nyckelelement i Adams berättarstrategi läsarna att använda sin fantasi i hög grad för att samskapa romanernas berättande värld.

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<p>  </p> <p>The focus of this work was to characterize the overall performance effects due to altering the stagger angle of a variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) on a multistage axial compressor. Data were collected from the Purdue three-stage axial compressor (P3S). The stagger angle from the VIGV was varied thrice from the baseline configuration in increments of 5 degrees resulting in four configurations with angles of 4 deg, 9 deg, 14 deg, and 19, where the baseline configuration was 9 degrees. </p> <p>Compressor performance data were collected and analyzed for each stagger angle configuration along three corrected speeds (68%, 80%, 100%). Each speedline consisted of approximately six loading conditions for which the corrected mass flow rate was matched for each configuration to allow for a basis of comparison among the configurations. Stalling mass flow rates and stall inception were also investigated. Total pressure and total temperature rakes were installed throughout the compressor to investigate the performance at interstage locations for each loading condition. In addition to the rakes, static pressure taps were distributed along the compressor and unsteady pressure measurements were distributed circumferentially. Capacitance probes were installed over each of the three rotors to evaluate rotor tip clearance measurements during the tests. The effects of the stagger angle on the stability margin of the compressor were also characterized. Each speedline presented, thus, includes a representative stall point in addition to the six loading conditions where detailed flow field traverses were conducted. </p> <p>The results of this investigation showed that while the total pressure ratio (TPR) increased as the stagger angle decreased, the stability margin was reduced. The opposite trend was observed with a decrease in overall TPR across the compressor and an increase in stability margin for increased stagger angles. Based on findings from previous authors, this trend was anticipated. A similar metric for monitoring compressor performance is isentropic efficiency. This investigation utilized both temperature-based and torque-based isentropic efficiency. The greatest effect of the VIGV stagger angle on compressor isentropic efficiency occurred at the lowest loading conditions, and there was no discernible impact on isentropic efficiency at high loading conditions for this case. As VIGVs typically have the greatest impact on off-design conditions, this trend was expected. The varied stagger angle configurations had no discernible effect on the type of stall inception mechanism experienced by the compressor. The primary effect on stall that was consistent across the configurations was a noticeable increase in the duration and strength of modal oscillations present throughout the compressor with increased stagger angles, indicating an increase in stability. </p> <p>The data collected and presented herein provide a unique, robust dataset to improve understanding of the effects of changing stagger angles on variable inlet guide vanes on multistage axial compressors. These data correspondingly provide a unique training set and validation method for predictive technology. </p>