Kazakhstan: Mortality in european context (comparison with selected european countries and nationalities) Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare mortality rates in Kazakhstan with selected European countries. The first part discusses literature, available data sources and a list of indicators. The thesis deals with brief outline of history and development of ethnic composition in this Central Asian republic. Another section contains a comparison of the economic and social conditions in Kazakhstan with two selected European countries - the Czech Republic and Sweden. The thesis continues with comparison and development of the most important mortality indicators in the three above mentioned countries. The last chapter summarizes findings from the comparison of mortality backgrounds of three selected European minorities living in Kazakhstan (Germans, Russians and Ukrainians) with their country of origin. The analysis of above mentioned factors shows a clear gap in Kazakhstan levels of mortality in comparison with selected European countries. A Comparison of mortality of European minorities living in the territory of Kazakhstan with their countries of origin shows a big difference for German nationality, for Russians and Ukrainians the differences are minimal. Keywords: Kazakhstan, European...

Thesis Perception of cultural differences in children with different mother tongue and children from bilingual environment is a case study at a specific primary school. The theoretical part deals with methodology of education of pupils with different mother tongue than Czech and the methodology of education of pupils living in a bilingual environment. Furthermore, the cultural differences, the identification of cultural clashes is explained here. The thesis also deals with the issue of national minorities in the Czech Republic, stereotypes and labelling. The practical part is focused on finding out whether the students with different mother tongue and students from bilingual environment perceive cultural differences at a particular primary school. How the school and pedagogical support them to integrate into the mainstream teaching. Keywords different mother tongue, bilingual environment, cultural diversity, stereotypes, prejudices, identity, national minorities, labelling

År 2019 förstärktes Sveriges skollag och därmed förskolans uppdrag med att främja Sveriges nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer i förskolan (Skolverket, 2018a). Trots förstärkningen i skollagen framgår det i tidigare forskning att det förekommer kunskapsbrister i skolan, därmed även i förskolans verksamhet, kring Sveriges nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer (Rodell Olgaç, 2020). Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka om en del av svaret på kunskapsbristerna kan återspeglas i de diskurser som dominerar samhällsdebatten kring nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer i Sverige. En viktig plattform för skapandet och reflektionen av dessa diskurser är media (Fairclough, 1995). Studien har därför genomförts som en dokumentanalys, där fokuset har varit på mediediskurser som berör nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer. Analysen har sedan fortsatt med att undersöka på vilket sätt de framträdande mediediskurser potentiellt kan påverka förskolans pedagogiska verksamhet. Det insamlade materialet bestod av tidningsartiklar från tre av Sveriges största dagstidningar under år 2010- år 2022. För att identifiera och analysera mediediskurser har kritisk diskursanalys använts samt Faircloughs (1992; 2015) tredimensionella analysmodell. För att utforska hur dessa mediediskurser kan påverka förskolans pedagogiska verksamhet har även Nancy Frasers teori om social rättvisa tillämpats (Fraser, 2003; 2008; 2011). Resultaten av studien tyder på att mediematerialet som behandlar nationella minoriteter genomgående uttrycker bland annat en assimilerande och diskriminerande diskurs under hela den analyserade tidsperioden. En analys med utgångspunkt i Frasers (2003) teori om social rättvisa har resulterat i att dessa diskurser kan utgöra hinder för förskolans främjande av nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer. Den framträdande diskrimineringsdiskursen och assimileringsdiskursen kan i sin tur riskera att öka den kulturella dominansen på samhällelig nivå och förstärka en enspråkig norm där svenska språket och kulturen anses vara överordnat andra språk och kulturer, inklusive nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer. Dessa konsekvenser av diskurserna kan i sin tur riskera att negativt påverka förskolans pedagogiska arbete genom att politiska beslut om förskolans läroplansinnehåll inte prioriterar nationella minoriteters språk och kulturer samt att förskolans strävan mot en likvärdig förskola, där alla barn har rätt till sitt/sina språk, riskeras att motverkas. En slutsats som kan dras utifrån resultatet är att det är av stor vikt att förskolepersonal intar ett normkritiskt perspektiv för att bli medvetna om de normer och strukturer som hindrar främjandet av de nationella minoriteternas språk och kulturer i förskolan och på så sätt kunna arbeta för en mer socialt rättvis förskoleverksamhet.

This diploma thesis deals with the political participation of national minorities in the Czech Republic. The main aim of this thesis is to find out what the possibilities of national minorities are to enter the political process in order to articulate their specific minority interests and how effective these possibilities are from their perspective. The emphasis is placed on ethnic political parties, minority interest groups, advisory bodies such as the Government Council for National Minorities and committees for national minorities at all political levels. At the same time, these selected minority institutions and bodies are also examined at the international level, which makes it possible to gain an overview of the attitudes of some states to national minority policy and their comparison, or even inspiration for the Czech Republic. The analysis was carried out on a group of five national minorities: German, Polish, Roma, Slovak and Vietnamese. The author also tried to find out how these selected national minorities are politically active, what factors influence their political participation and what is the interest in the issue of national minorities among the majority political parties. The author chose a qualitative research method for the research project and the technique of...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Arts Institute of Czech Studies Historical Sciences - Czech History Zdenko M a r š á l e k ABSTRACT OF THE PhD THESIS "Česká", nebo "československá" armáda? Národnostní složení československých vojenských jednotek v zahraničí v letech 1939-1945 "Czech", or "Czechoslovak" Army? The ethnic and nationality composition of the Czechoslovak military units-in-exile in 1939-1945 tutor: prof. PhDr. Jan Kuklík, CSc. (†) PhDr. Jan Gebhart, DrSc. 2014 ABSTRACT General background One of the most important phenomena, which is important especially in current and future Europe, is the problem of the personal self-identification of individuals in the multinational and multicultural environment of higher (e.g., political) units, in particular national self- identification. For research about the problems connected with this phenomenon, the sample of the Czechoslovak units-in-exile during the World War II is an almost ideal historical model. The Czechoslovak units were, by far, the most diverse armed forces among the all exile-armies; yet this issue has not attracted the attention it deserves, neither in terms of different nationalities, nor from the perspective of ethnic issues in the units as a whole. The issue of the nationality in the resistance-in-exile was determined by the needs...

This master's diploma thesis discusses the mechanisms by which the Slovak public television talent show Zem spieva (2017) creates the concept of folklore perfor- mance as a means of building and expressing national identity. This thesis also discusses the mechanisms by which the show creates a platform for negotiating the criteria of high standard folklore performance which should present a consistent reconstruction of tradition. These two effects of the show Zem spieva are in this thesis perceived as conceptually conflicting: on the one hand, there are essentialist ideas about the genetic predisposition of members of the Slovak nation for folklore performance; on the other hand, there are doctrines focused on the reconstruction of the tradition on the folklore stage. These doctrines are followed by an expert jury composed of prominent members of the folklore community. This thesis argues that the concept of performing folklore on stage perceived as an intellectual problem of the reconstruction of tradition is in the show subversive and therefore gradually replaced by emotionally and patriotically defined criteria of high quality folklore performance. This preferred measure preserves cultural cohesion in terms of sa- tisfying the needs of the mass audience. Following the conflict of the mentioned...

The objective of the thesis is to describe and evaluate services of public libraries aimed at immigrants and national minorities in the Czech Republic and programs to support them. The first part defines the principal terms related to libraries and minorities. An overview of legislation follows, focused on the same topic. The third part introduces five most common national minorities and immigrant groups living in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter describes all regional libraries in the Czech Republic, two of municipal libraries near the national border where the percentage of minorities is higher and one specialized library with a focus on their foreign- language equipment, events, meetings or exhibitions about or for national minorities or immigrants, their cooperation with various organizations, employees' interest in minorities and a possibility of registration of foreigners at libraries. Following part is about programs and projects supporting foreigners in Czech libraries. The sixth chapter describes selected organizations working in the migration field. Next is an own survey which was made in 32 public libraries in the Czech Republic. Chapter next to last describes a situation abroad, in Sweden with a focus on their Immigrant Institute. The last part is an evaluation of data about the...

1 Abstract Thesis title: The legal status of minorities in Russia This work is an overview of the legal status of minorities in Russia and their mutual interaction with the dominant nation in individual historical stages. Its subject is to explore changes in the status of minorities in political, cultural, linguistic, religious and fundamental human rights. This is put in the historical context and the influence of the state's minority policy on state integrity is examined, including the assessment of the adequacy of the state-legal arrangement for the needs of national minorities. The space is also devoted to the administrative division of the country, which plays an important role in Russian terms. The pros and cons of period legislation are evaluated. Its impact on the practical life of minorities is illustrated by examples of specific minorities. The work is structured chronologically, presenting the history of Russia primarily in terms of milestones relevant to national minorities. The first part devoted to the Russian Empire monitors its gradual expansion and differences in the legal status of the conquered nations. Approximately from the middle of the 19th century, the Russian legislation has been directed towards unification, resp. Rusification of the whole empire, while the causes and effects of...

The paper analyzes the role and place of the Ainu in Japanese society at the end of XX – beginning of XXI century. The author explores Japan’s policy towards ethnic minorities and а development of the Ainu people's national movement. The author also investigates changes in living conditions of Japan’s indigenous people in recent decades, defines a current state of the Ainu language and culture. / Работа посвящена анализу места и роли айнов в японском обществе в конце XX – начале XXI вв. Автор раскрывает особенности политики Японии в отношении этнических меньшинств, определяет динамику развития национального движения айнов, а также прослеживает изменения условий жизни коренного народа Японии в последние десятилетия и дает оценку современному состоянию его культуры и языка.

I juli 2019 försågs förskolan med en ny läroplan och med den ett utökat minoritetsuppdrag, vilket i korthet innebär att förskolan ska bidra till att skydda och främja de nationella minoriteternas språk och kulturer. Tidigare forskning pekar på att läroplansändringar om de nationella minoriteterna haft liten inverkan på ämnesinnehållet inom utbildningssystemet och att det finns svårigheter kopplade till att implementera kultur- och språkrelaterade policyer i förskolan. Syftet med föreliggande studie är därför att genom förskolepersonals förståelser lyfta fram dilemmatiska aspekter i förskolans minoritetsuppdrag. En tonvikt har placerats vid den nationella minoriteten romer, vilket delvis motiveras genom en webbenkät som distribuerats i studiens startskede. Av de fem nationella minoriteterna hade färst respondenter berört romer i förskolans utbildning. För en fördjupad förståelse och för att generera mer data hölls två fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt sex informanter och en kompletterande individuell intervju med ytterligare en informant. Eftersom studien undersökt ett känsligt ämne genomsyras den av reflexivitet och etiska överväganden. Den data som genererats har analyserats och diskuterats med hjälp av Michael Billigs begreppsapparat ideologiska dilemman, med fokus på sunt förnuft och motstridigheter. Det sunda förnuftet säger att förskolans minoritetsuppdrag är viktigt för att bevara ett kulturarv, revitalisera minoritetsspråken och motverka fördomar. Motstridigheterna består i att arbetet med Sveriges nationella minoriteter och minoritetsspråk villkoras på grund av prioriteringar och rangordningar, resonemanget ”inget minoritetsbarn – inget minoritetsuppdrag”, en rädsla för att göra fel och en strävan att undvika konflikter. Genom en analytisk diskussion påträffas fyra dilemmatiska aspekter i skärningspunkterna mellan 1) ideologier som förskolan förväntas förmedla och ideologier om förskolan som institution, 2) en strävan att revitalisera minoritetsspråken och att det aktualiseras först när ett minoritetsspråkigt barn finns i barngruppen, 3) en strävan att motverka fördomar och en rädsla för att i stället befästa dem och 4) att ge barn förutsättningar att utveckla en kulturell identitet och minoritetsspråket och att upprätthålla tillitsfulla relationer och samarbeten med vårdnadshavare genom att låta bli när de så önskar.Studien bidrar till kunskap om dilemmatiska aspekter i förskolans minoritetsuppdrag och gör dem på så sätt möjliga att adressera. / In July 2019, the preschool was provided a new curriculum and with it an extended minority assignment. In short, this assignment means that the preschool shall protect and promote the languages and cultures of the Swedish national minorities. Previous research indicates that curriculum changes regarding the national minorities generally have little impact on the subject content within the education system and that there are difficulties linked to implementing policies about language and culture in preschool. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to highlight dilemmatic aspects in the preschool's minority assignment through preschool personnel's understandings. An emphasis is placed on the national minority Roma, which is partly motivated by a web survey that was distributed in the initial stages of the study. Out of the five national minorities, the fewest respondents had referenced Roma people in the preschool’s education. For a deeper understanding, and to generate more data, two focus group interviews with a total of six informants and a supplementary individual interview with yet another informant were held. Since a sensitive subject is being examined, the study is permeated by reflexivity and ethical considerations. The data generated has been analyzed and discussed using Michael Billig's theoretical approach to ideological dilemmas, with a focus on common sense and contrary themes. What passes as common sense is that the preschool's minority assignment is important to preserve a cultural heritage, revitalize the minority languages and counter prejudice. The contrary themes regard conditions for working with the Swedish national minorities and minority languages, such as priorities and rankings, the reasoning "no minority child – no minority assignment", a fear of making mistakes, and avoiding conflicts. Through an analytical discussion, four dilemmatic aspects are found in the intersections between 1) ideologies that the preschool is expected to convey and ideologies about the preschool as an institution, 2) an effort to revitalize the minority languages and that this is only actualized when a minority language speaking child is present in the child group, 3) an effort to counter prejudices and a fear of instead reinforcing them and 4) supporting children’s need to develop a cultural identity and their minority language and to maintain trusting relationships and collaborations with children’s guardians by not doing so, if that is their wish. This study contributes to highlighting dilemmatic aspects in the preschool's minority assignments and is thereby making them possible to address.