The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Även tryckt utgåva. Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Disertacinio darbo tyrimo objektas yra visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas ir jo įvertinimas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo požiūriu. Darbe nagrinėjama visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros samprata, išskiriami visuomenės sveikatos priežiūrai keliami tikslai ir aptariamos sritys (priemonės), kuriomis tikslai įgyvendinami. Taip pat atskleidžiama teisės į sveikatos apsaugą samprata, kas leidžia apibrėžti pastarosios turinį, kuris lems sveikatos priežiūros teisinio reglamentavimo apimtį. Nacionalinis visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas vertinamas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo aspektu: ar esamas teisinis reguliavimas sudaro prielaidas įgyvendinti teisės į sveikatos apsaugą kiekybinius ir kokybinius turinio parametrus ir ar tai lemia, kad asmeniui sudaromos saugios gyvenimo, darbo ir laisvalaikio sąlygos, ar valstybėje funkcionuoja sveikatos stiprinimo ir stebėsenos sistemos, ar valstybės sukurti mechanizmai apsaugo sveikatą esant ligų protrūkiams. Šie ir kiti klausimai analizuojami sistemiškai, siekiant ne tik atskleisti nacionalinio visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumus, bet ir pateikti siūlymus, kaip jį tobulinti. Įvertintas visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros teisinis reguliavimas teisės į sveikatos apsaugą įgyvendinimo požiūriu leido apibrėžti pastarojo galimybes ir ribas, nustatyti teisinio reguliavimo tobulinimo gaires. / The dissertation research object is public health legal regulation and its evaluation in regards to the implementing the right to health care. Paper explores the understanding of public health, separating the goals and discussed spheres (methods) of public health, with which the goals are realized. It also reveals the understanding of the right to health care, allowing definition of the latter’s content, which determines the extent of health care legal regulation. National public health legal regulation is evaluated in the aspect of the right to health care implementation: does the present legal regulation create preconditions to implement the right to health care content’s quantity and quality parameters and whether this determines if safe life, work and leisure conditions are provided for the individual, if the nation has functioning systems of health promotion and monitoring, if the nation-created mechanisms protect health in the case of a disease outbreak. These and other questions are analyzed systematically, aiming not only to reveal national public health legal regulation singularities, but also to provide proposals on how to improve it. Evaluated public health legal regulation right’s to health care implementation outlook, allowed to define the latter’s possibilities and limits, to ascertain the legal regulation improvement guidelines.

The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

<p>This study aimed to contribute to the current debate around equity in health care resource allocation by measuring the current allocation of resources, relative to need in the Northern Cape. It also discussed the level of inequities in health financing/expenditure and staffing at the primary health care level between different districts of the Northern Cape.</p>

Juridiquement, plusieurs indices concordants mettent clairement en exergue l’appartenance de la santé publique à l’ordre public en Afrique francophone. Partant de ce constat, la notion d’ordre public sanitaire repose sur de solides arguments qui fondent son existence et son positionnement en tant que démembrement de la définition générale ou traditionnelle de l’ordre public. En revanche, le lien quasi fusionnel entre l’ordre public sanitaire et le droit fondamental à la sécurité met à rude épreuve la pertinence de son action dans la plupart des États africains. En cause, le stade embryonnaire de la sécurité sociale en Afrique francophone qui contraste avec les mesures de police ayant pour objet la protection de la santé publique de sorte que, les mesures de protection (police sanitaire) et l’absence de protection (la très faible couverture de la sécurité sociale) se chevauchent et se contredisent. Évidemment, la jonction de ces deux facteurs : l’inopérance du droit à la santé et l’inefficacité des services publics sont de nature à fragiliser d’avantage l’ordre public sanitaire dans les États d’Afrique francophone. En définitive, au delà de sa justification légale et réglementaire, l’ordre public sanitaire en Afrique francophone manque cruellement de moyens humains, financiers, matériels et institutionnels pour en faire un véritable outil de préservation de la santé publique, composante de l’ordre public. / Legally, there are several concordant indications clearly highlighting the importance of public health to public order in Francophone Africa. On the basis of this finding, the concept of public sanitary order is based on sound arguments based on its existence and positioning as a dismemberment of the general or traditional definition of public order. On the other hand, the almost fusional link between public sanitary order and the fundamental right to security undermines the relevance of its action in most African states. At issue is the embryonic stage of social security in French-speaking Africa, which contrasts with police measures aimed at the protection of public health, so that protective measures (public health police) and lack of protection (The very low coverage of social security) overlap and contradict each other. Obviously, the combination of these two factors: the inoperability of the right to health and the inefficiency of public services are likely to further weaken the public health order in Francophone African states. Ultimately, in addition to its legal and regulatory justification, public sanitary order in Africa is severely lacking in human, financial, material and institutional means to make it a genuine tool for preserving public health, a component of public order

Orientador: Carmen Maria Casquel Monti Juliani / Resumo: Judicialização da Saúde: Acesso a Medicamentos na cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Introdução: O atendimento às necessidades de saúde da população gerou crescimento de demandas judiciais por medicamentos nos últimos anos. Em um país em que os recursos são escassos, acentua-se a importância de que sejam bem geridos e acredita-se que essa análise poderá contribuir gerar conhecimento em relação à política de medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde, contribuindo com a área da gestão em saúde. Objetivo: conhecer as ações judiciais com pedidos de medicamentos e insumos em face do poder público municipal. Método: estudo quantitativo transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da análise de processos judiciais com demandas de medicamentos e insumos interpostos na cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, no período de dois anos (2015/2016). Os dados foram obtidos na Procuradoria do Município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: A análise dos dados permitiu identificar que 41% das ações foram ingressadas por pessoas declaradas do sexo masculino e 59% do sexo feminino, sendo que dos postulantes são 45,4% aposentados, 9,1% pensionistas e 13,6% desempregados; os valores das ações judicias variaram de R$ 100,00 a R$ 60.000,00, sendo o valor médio de R$ 39.310,24 por ação, totalizando um valor dos pedidos de R$ 1.729.650,48. Das liminares pleiteadas, 52,3% foram concedidas, sendo 18,3% no juízo monocrático e 34,0% pelos colegiados em grau de recurso do tota... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Population's healthcare has generated by growth lawsuits drugs in recent years. In a country where resources are scarce, it is emphasized the importance of being well managed and it is believed that this analysis may contribute to generate knowledge regarding the drug policy in the Brazilian Unified Health System, contributing to the area of management in health. Objective: to know the lawsuits with requests for medicines and supplies against the municipal government. Method: cross-sectional quantitative study. Data collection was carried out based on the analysis of lawsuits with drug demands and inputs filed in the city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, in the period of two years (2015/2016). Data were obtained from the Attorney's Botucatu, State of Sao Paulo. Results: Data analysis identified that of the lawsuits: the claimants were 41% males and 59% females, 45.4% were retired, 9.1% pensioners and 13.6% unemployed; the average value of lawsuits was R$ 39,310.24 (minimum of R$ 100,00 and maximum of R$ 60.000,00) and a total of R$ 1,729,650.48. 52.3% of the precautionary measures were granted, being 18.3% in the monocratic judgment and 34.0% by the collegiate judges of the total of the lawsuits analyzed; 86.4% of the total lawsuits were for the treatment of Diabetes. Among the drugs and inputs requested were 447 items totaled, an average of 10.28 units per lawsuit. 33.3% of the total drugs and inputs identified were on the national list of essential drugs. Cons... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Doctor Legum - LLD / In South Africa, prison authorities are not primarily concerned with the health of the prison population. This is evidenced by inter alia: the vast number of complaints regarding health care received by the Judicial Inspectorate of Correctional Centres; natural deaths in prisons reported annually; litigation regarding health care and treatment in prisons; and the notoriously poor conditions of detention which inevitably have a negative impact on prisoners' health. There is as a result a noticeable difference between state provided health care to the public and health care in prisons. This thesis is therefore aimed at unpacking what the right to health means in respect of terminally ill prisoners. This question has been overshadowed by issues regarding medical parole in South Africa and intermittently by calls for palliative care in prisons. Whilst these issues are relevant to their plight, there is a need to articulate the scope of the right to health of terminally ill prisoners. This is imperative as not all prisoners who are terminally ill are eligible for medical parole and there are instances where the granting of such parole may be impractical. An analysis of the right to health in relation to terminally ill prisoners will provide legal certainty as to the legal entitlements regarding health care for one of the most vulnerable groups in society. They will know what they may legally claim and what they cannot insist upon in terms of the law.

The right to health is a universal right of second-generation, classified in the setof social, economic and cultural rights of mankind; gaining acceptance worldwide for its programmatic nature. On the verge of reaching 100 years of that recognition, its character of constitutionally recognized, operational, enforceable or subjective right has been consolidated thanks to the development of the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts; subsequent to this legal phenomenon, its enforceability trough protective process of amparo in the constitutional code of procedure is regulated in our country and expands its protection, in both areas, the powers assigned to the regulatory and supervisory body of the health sector at the national level, of administrative sanctioning power. / El derecho a la salud es un derecho universal de segunda generación clasificado en el conjunto de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales de la humanidad siendo aceptado en el mundo por su carácter programático. A punto de llegar a los cien años de ese reconocimiento, su carácter de derecho operativo, exigible y tutelable o subjetivo constitucionalmente reconocido se ha venido consolidando gracias al desarrollo de la jurisprudencia de los tribunales constitucionales; posteriormente a ese fenómeno jurídico, en nuestro país, se regula su exigibilidad vía proceso de amparo en el Código Procesal Constitucional y se amplía su protección, en ambos ámbitos, con las facultades asignadas al órgano regulador y fiscalizador del sector salud a nivel nacional, de potestad administrativa sancionadora.

Com este trabalho, procurou-se contribuir com as construções que a partir da ciência política vêm sendo realizadas diante da configuração da saúde como direito no contexto da reforma do sistema de saúde colombiano. Realizou-se um balanço crítico da produção sobre o direito à saúde na última década. A metodologia apóia-se no enfoque qualitativo, utilizando as técnicas de análise de conteúdo e análise do discurso. Para a definição da unidade de leitura, realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes representativos. Para a análise formal da produção, aplicaram-se instrumentos compostos por pontos como: objetivos, temáticas, atores, enfoques e resultados. Deste material, podese destacar a presença da análise sobre a crise hospitalar, o problema trabalhista e sua relação com a saúde, as barreiras de acesso ao atendimento e os questionamentos feitos ao sistema de informação e a situação da saúde pública. São identificados como atores centrais no estudo do direito à saúde: instituições privadas de saúde, a sociedade e o Estado. O balanço aponta duas perspectivas para configurar a política de saúde: uma que vê na liberdade de mercado a melhor opção para garantir o atendimento na saúde e outra que propõe que o Estado garanta o direito à saúde. Avançar na avaliação do impacto da reforma da saúde permitiria reorientar a organização do sistema de saúde e construir alternativas de política que tornem realidade o direito à saúde. / This disertation seeks to make a contribution to the constructions that are being made from within the field of political science about health as right in Colombia. It was done a critical review of the work relating the right to health in the country from the last decade. The methodology is based on the qualitative approach, using the content and discourse analysis. In order to define the reading unit, semi-structured interviews with key informants were carried out. For the formal analysis of the production instruments with descriptors such as objectives, themes, actors, approaches and results were applied. About the finds, the presence of analysis of the hospital crisis, the labor problem and its relationship with health, access barriers to care and concerns about information and public health are notable. Private health institutions, society and the State are recognized as primary actors. The balance shows two perspectives to configure the health public policy: the first one sees in the free market the best option to offer health attention and the second one, believes that the State is the one that must guarantee the right to health. to advance on the evaluation of the impact of health would allow to track the health system's organization and and design a public policies alternatives so that the health as right becomes true.