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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água na bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado - TO / Influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in the Ribeirao Lajeado - to basin

Lima, Dalvany Alves de Sousa January 2010 (has links)
O trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo sobre a influência da mata ciliar na análise qualitativa e dados quantitativos de água, em três pontos pertencentes à bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado-TO, cuja área é de 612,77 Km2. Os três pontos delimitados para a realização do estudo foram: Trecho do Ribeirão Lajeado (Ponto 1) com 22,09% de mata ciliar; Córrego Brejo da Passagem (Ponto 2) com 14,80% e Contribuinte do Ribeirão Lajeado (Ponto 3) com 49,08%. O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar a influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água na bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado. Os dados estatísticos descritivos, mostraram que os três pontos no período chuvoso apresentaram flutuações significativas de algumas variáveis analisadas. O ponto 3, bacia mais preservada, apresentou gradientes maiores de temperatura, nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido, pH e froude. Os pontos 1 e 2, as bacias consideradas menos conservadas, mostraram maiores flutuações das variáveis, no mesmo período amostral. O ponto 1 apresentou variações dos valores de sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade, transparência e nitrogênio orgânico relativamente mais altas. No ponto 2, a vazão apresentou valor mais elevado. A turbidez, nitrogênio total, sólidos totais, matéria orgânica, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido tiveram também valores elevados neste ponto. O fosfato apresentou variações similares nos pontos 1 e 2. Durante o período seco, nota-se que o ponto 1 apresentou variações maiores nas concentrações de temperatura, condutividade, sólidos totais dissolvidos e transparência. A turbidez, pH, alcalinidade, nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido, sólidos totais, matéria orgânica e Froude, demonstraram um gradiente relativamente alto no ponto 2. As concentrações das variáveis oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio (orgânico e total) e a vazão, apresentaram valores mais altos no ponto 3. A variável fosfato mostrou valores similares em todos os pontos. Os resultados de forma geral na análise de componentes principais demonstraram tendências para dois gradientes, temporal e espacial. No gradiente temporal, foi verificada a segregação dos períodos chuvoso e seco, onde foi analisado o comportamento das variáveis em ambos e no gradiente espacial observou -se a correlação entre os pontos e campanhas adotadas e o desempenho das variáveis físicas, químicas e hidrológicas. Em relação a dinâmica do carbono orgânico total e o carbono inorgânico dissolvido, pode evidenciar respostas mais significantes no período chuvoso, com valores mais expressivos nos pontos 1 e 2. No período seco analisado, observou-se que o ponto 3, apresentou valores mais elevados de carbono orgânico total, e o ponto 1 de carbono inorgânico dissolvido. De acordo com os resultados de outros testes estatísticos aplicados de forma integrada nos dois períodos analisados, verificou-se relações positivas entre: CND x STD; Zsd x Q; OD x Q e MO x ST, no ponto 1. Ainda no Ponto 1 os testes demonstraram correlação negativa nas relações OD x Froude e OD x STD. No ponto 2, verificou-se relações diretamente proporcionais entre as variáreis: T x Q; Zsd x Q; OD x Q; CND x STD e MO x ST. No ponto 3 observou-se também relações positivas entre as variáveis, T x Q; CND x STD e MO x ST; e relações negativas entre STD x (Froude e Q). Com relação ao comportamento hidrológico, especificadamente a vazão especifica, nos respectivos pontos estudados observou-se que o percentual de cobertura de mata ciliar no ponto 3, influenciou positivamente nos resultados dessa variável, no período seco. No período chuvoso, notou-se que os dados apresentaram valores relativamente mais baixos no mês de março. Os pontos 1 e 2, consideradas as bacias com menores percentuais de mata ciliar, demonstraram comportamentos diferentes nos resultados de vazões especificas. No período chuvoso as vazões especificas, com exceção do ponto 2 em parte do período de abril a maio, foram elevadas, o que possivelmente pode estar associado ao aumento do escoamento superficial neste período. Notou-se, entretanto, que no período seco, esses valores sofreram um decréscimo bastante significativo. De maneira geral para avaliar a possível influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água, outros estudos devem ser realizados e aprofundados considerando características peculiares do ciclo hidrológico local, bem como monitoramento do transporte e deposição de sedimentos e a caracterização dos ciclos de nutrientes na água e nos ecossistemas de mata ripária, além de uma cuidadosa caracterização e quantificação das alterações no uso do solo. / The paper presents results of a study on the influence of riparian vegetation in qualitative and quantitative data of water at three points belonging to the basin of Lajeado stream-TO, whose area is 612.77 km2. The three points chosen for the study were: stretch of Lajeado steam (Point 1) with 22.09% of riparian vegetation; brejo da Passagem stream (Point 2) with 14.80% and Coducive of Lajeado stream (Point 3) with 49.08%. The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in the Lajeado stream basin. Descriptive statistics data showed that the three points in the wet season showed significant fluctuations of some variables analyzed. Point 3 is more preserved basin, showed higher gradients of temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, pH, and Froude. Points 1 and 2 basins considered less conserved, showed greater fluctuations of the variables in the same sample period. Point 1 showed variations in the values of total dissolved solids, conductivity, transparency and relatively higher organic nitrogen. In point 2, the flow were higher. Turbidity, total nitrogen, total solids, organic material, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen values were also high at this point. Phosphate showed similar variations in 1 and 2. During the dry season, it was noted that in point 1 showed greater variations in the concentrations of temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids and transparency. Turbidity, pH, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total solids, organic matter and Froude, showed a relatively high gradient in point 2. The concentrations of variables dissolved oxygen, nitrogen (organic and total) and flow, were higher in point 3. The variable phosphate showed similar values at all points. The results generally in principal component analysis showed trends for two gradients, temporal and spatial. In the temporal gradient, there was segregation of the rainy and dry season, where was studied the behavior of both variables. In the spatial gradient it was observed correlation between points and campaigns adopted and performance of physical variables, chemical and hydrological . Concerning the dynamics of total organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon, may show the most significant responses in the rainy season, with higher values in point 1 and 2. In the dry period analyzed, it was noted that the point 3 had higher values for total organic carbon, and the point 1 of dissolved inorganic carbon. According to the results of other statistical tests applied in an integrated way in the two study periods analyzed, it was found positive relationships between: CND x STD; ZSD x Q; OD x Q and MO x ST in point 1. Still in Point 1, the tests showed a negative correlation in the relationship OD x Froude and OD x STD. In Point 2, it was observed that there was directly proportional relationship between the varied: T x Q, ZSD x Q; OD x Q; CND x STD end MO x ST. Point 3 was also observed positive relationships between the variables, T x Q; CND x STD and MO x ST and negative relationships between STD x (Froude and Q). With regard to hydrology, specifically the flow specifies, in their points studied it was observed that the percentage coverage of riparian vegetation in point 3, positively influenced the results of that variable in the dry period. In the rainy season, it was noted that the data showed relatively lower values in March. Points 1 and 2, considering the basins with smaller percentages of riparian vegetation, showed different behaviors on the results of specific flow rates. In the rainy season the specific flows, with the exception of point 2 in part the period from April to May, were high, which possibly can be associated with increased outflow superficial in this period. It was noted, however, that in the dry season, these values have undergone a fairly significant decrease. Generally to assess the possible influence of riparian vegetation on water quality, further studies should be conducted and detailed considering the peculiar characteristics of local hydrological cycle, as well as monitoring the transport and deposition of sediments and the characterization of the nutrient cycles in water and riparian forest ecosystems, beyond of a careful characterization and quantification of changes in land use.
52

EFEITO DO SOMBREAMENTO E DA VARIAÇÃO ESTACIONAL SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE ÓLEO ESSENCIAL EM Aloysia triphylla / EFFECT OF SHADING AND SEASONAL VARIATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN Aloysia triphylla

Menegat, Nadia Regina Volpatto 13 August 2013 (has links)
The following study was implemented in order to evaluate the effects of different shading levels on the growth and development of Aloysia triphylla plant and the production of essential oil in the four seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria Campus of Frederico Westphalen, from August 2011 to December 2012. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with three shading levels (0%, 30% and 50%) and four seasons of the year (summer, autumn, winter and spring). For growth analysis, plants were collected every fortnight. The essential oil was extracted from fresh plant material by steam distillation process, using the modified Clevenger apparatus at the end of each season. For all analyzed variables, it was observed higher growth, production, yield and essential oil content in the season of summer, followed by spring, showing that, in these seasons, the cultivation of Aloysia triphylla may be possible in environments with 30% and 50% shading. Autumn and winter showed low plant growth and essential oil production, and shading decreased further the increase and plant yield. / O presente trabalho foi implantado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de sombreamento sobre o crescimento de planta de Aloysia triphylla e a produção de óleo essencial nas quatro estações do ano. O experimento foi instalado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - Campus de Frederico Westphalen, de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema bifatorial com três níveis de sombreamento (0%, 30% e 50%) e quatro estações do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera). Para análise de crescimento foi realizada coleta quinzenal de plantas e para extração do óleo essencial foi utilizado material fresco, utilizando-se aparelho Clevenger modificado. Para todas as variáveis analisadas observou-se maior crescimento, produção, rendimento e teor de óleo essencial na estação do verão, seguido pela primavera, podendo, nestas estações ser realizado o cultivo da Aloysia triphylla em ambientes com 30% e 50% de sombreamento. O outono e inverno apresentaram baixo crescimento de planta e produção de óleo essencial e o sombreamento diminuiu ainda mais o incremento e rendimento da planta.
53

A beleza da geometria das estações do ano

Atanásio, Maurino 29 September 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-13T13:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maurino Atanásio.pdf: 8043055 bytes, checksum: fc60dde531338970456f5ba2a87896d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-07-26T16:50:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maurino Atanásio.pdf: 8043055 bytes, checksum: fc60dde531338970456f5ba2a87896d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T16:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maurino Atanásio.pdf: 8043055 bytes, checksum: fc60dde531338970456f5ba2a87896d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / Apresentar alternativas que possam contribuir com o ensino da Matemática, principalmente quando se trata da Geometria, é de suma importância para os alunos conseguirem relacionar o seu cotidiano com conceitos matemáticos. Dessa forma, esse trabalho procura abordar de forma interdisciplinar termos ou conceitos matemáticos, e seus significados, que antecedem e que são necessários para uma aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo Estações do Ano numa visão da Geografia e das Ciências Naturais. Para isso, foi elaborado um material didático de apoio, com o objetivo de auxiliar os professores que trabalham com esse tema e a proposta desse material está ancorada na realização de encontros presenciais para discussão dos conteúdos. Assim, foram realizados cinco encontros com alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio do Curso Técnico Integrado em Meio Ambiente, do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá – Bela Vista, buscando uma integração entre as disciplinas Matemática, Geografia e Ciências. A partir das atividades realizadas ao longo desses encontros foi possível observar que a interdisciplinaridade proposta entre essas disciplinas contribuiu significativamente com a aprendizagem de conceitos, até então desconhecidos pela maioria dos alunos. / To present alternatives that can contribute to the teaching of mathematics, especially when it is about to Geometry, it is very important for students can relate their everyday life with mathematical concepts. In this way, this work seeks to address in an interdisciplinary way mathematical concepts and their meanings, which precede and which are necessary for a significant learning of the content of the Seasons in a view of Geography and Natural Sciences. For this, it was designed a support teaching material, with the aim of helping teachers who work with this theme. The purpose of this material is anchored in the realization of direct meetings to present the concepts providing opportunities for negotiation of meaning, essential condition for significative learning. Thus, there were five meetings with students of the first year of high school of Environment Integrated Technical Course, of Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá - Bela Vista, seeking an integration between the disciplines Mathematics, Geography and Sciences. From the activities carried out during these meetings it was possible to confirm that the proposed interdisciplinarity between these disciplines contributed significantly with the learning of concepts, until then unknown by most students.
54

Din?mica espa?o-temporal em uma guilda de borboletas frug?voras no limite norte da Floresta Atl?ntica Nordestina

Barbosa, Jos? Elieudo Dias 16 December 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEDB_DISSERT.pdf: 1252363 bytes, checksum: d72ba53b4d6eea90138b2ec7108318a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The extent of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been reduced to less than 7% of its original range. Yet, it contains one of the richest butterfly fauna in the world. Butterflies are commonly used as environmental indicators, mostly because of their strict association with host plants, microclimate and resource availability. This research describes diversity, composition and species richness of frugivorous butterflies in a forest fragment in the Brazilian Northeast. It compares communities in different physiognomies and seasons. The climate in the study area is classified as tropical rainy, with two well defined seasons. Butterfly captures were made with 60 Van Someren-Rydon traps, randomly located within six different habitat units (10 traps per unit) that varied from very open (e.g. coconut plantation) to forest interior. Sampling was made between January and December 2008, for five days each month. I captured 12090 individuals from 32 species. The most abundant species were Taygetis laches, Opsiphanes invirae and Hamadryas februa, which accounted for 70% of all captures. Similarity analysis identified two main groups, one of species associated with open or disturbed areas and a second by species associated with shaded areas. There was a strong seasonal component in species composition, with less species and lower abundance in the dry season and more species and higher abundance in the rainy season. K-means analysis indicates that choice of habitat units overestimated faunal perceptions, suggesting less distinct units. The species Taygetis virgilia, Hamadryas chloe, Callicore pygas e Morpho achilles were associated with less disturbed habitats, while Yphthimoides sp, Historis odius, H. acheronta, Hamadryas feronia e Siderone marthesia likey indicate open or disturbed habitats. This research brings important information for conservation of frugivorous butterflies, and will serve as baseline for future projects in environmental monitoring / Um dos hotspots da biodiversidade mundial, a Mata Atl?ntica encontra-se reduzida a apenas 7% de sua ?rea original. Ainda assim, apresenta uma das mais ricas faunas de borboletas do mundo. Borboletas s?o usadas com freq??ncia em avalia??o ambiental, pois mostram forte associa??o com plantas hospedeiras, microclima e padr?es de disponibilidade de recursos, sendo bons indicadores de diversidade e integridade ambiental. Este trabalho descreve a diversidade, composi??o e riqueza de esp?cies de borboletas frug?voras em um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica do nordeste brasileiro, comparando a composi??o entre fisionomias distintas e sua sazonalidade. A ?rea apresenta clima tropical chuvoso com duas esta??es bem definidas, seca e chuvosa. As capturas foram feitas com 60 armadilhas do tipo Van Someren-Rydon, instaladas em seis unidades amostrais (10 armadilhas por unidade), que variaram desde uma ?rea aberta (p. ex. planta??o de coqueiros) at? ambientes de interior de mata. As coletas foram feitas entre janeiro e dezembro de 2008 por cinco dias consecutivos de cada m?s. Foram capturados 12090 indiv?duos pertencentes a 32 esp?cies. As esp?cies mais abundantes foram Taygetis laches, Opsiphanes invirae e Hamadryas februa, que somaram 70% do total das capturas. A an?lise de similaridade identificou dois grupos principais, o primeiro composto por unidades mais impactadas e/ou abertas e o segundo, com as unidades em mata ou ?reas mais fechadas. Foi observado um forte componente sazonal, com menos esp?cies e menor abund?ncia no per?odo seco e mais esp?cies e maior abund?ncia no per?odo chuvoso. A an?lise de K-means revelou que as escolhas das unidades superestimou a percep??o da fauna, sugerindo menos unidades distintas. As esp?cies Taygetis virgilia, Hamadryas chloe, Callicore pygas e Morpho achilles sinalizam ambientes menos perturbados, enquanto que Yphthimoides sp, Historis odius, H. acheronta, Hamadryas feronia e Siderone marthesia potencialmente indicam ambientes abertos ou impactados. Este trabalho traz informa??es importantes para a conserva??o das esp?cies de frug?voras, como tamb?m servir? de guia para futuros projetos de monitoramento ambiental
55

Caracteríticas agronômicas e tecnológicas em genótipos de feijoeiro /

Farinelli, Rogério, 1979- January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Leandro Borges Lemos / Banca: Carlos Alexandre C. Crusciol / Banca: Domingos Fornasieri Filho / Banca: Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell / Banca: Orivaldo Arf / Resumo: O feijão é um dos alimentos produzidos em maior quantidade em todo território nacional, sendo intensa a busca por cultivares produtivas, adaptadas ao local de cultivo e com características culinárias. Assim, desenvolveu-se um trabalho de pesquisa na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, campus de Botucatu (SP), com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de feijoeiro, quanto às características agronômicas e tecnológicas visando obter informações sobre aqueles que apresentem melhor desempenho produtivo e qualidade de grãos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em três safras, correspondendo a época da seca 2005, das águas 2005 e época da seca 2006. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos, representados pelos genótipos de feijoeiro (grupo comercial carioca e preto), com quatro repetições. Todos os genótipos de feijoeiro apresentaram desempenho agronômico e tecnológico satisfatório, destacando-se os genótipos Gen 96A28-P7-1-1-1-1, Pérola, OP-S-16, OP-NS-331, Gen 96A28-P4-1-1-1-1 e CNFC 8065 quanto ao número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos, renda e conseqüentemente maior produtividade de grãos. Também sobressaíram-se os genótipos Gen 96A10 e CNFC 9484 em relação ao teor de proteína bruta, tempo de cozimento e capacidade de hidratação dos grãos de feijão. / Abstract: The common bean is one of foods produced in bigger amount in all national territory, being intense the search for yield cultivars, adaptability and desirable technological characteristics. The research was carried out on the Experimental Lageado Farm, which belongs to FCA/UNESP, campus of Botucatu (SP), with objective of evaluating the behavior of common bean genotypes, how the agronomic and technological characteristics aiming at to select those that better yield performance and quality of grains. The experiment was developed in three harvests, having corresponded the dry growing season 2005, summer 2005 and dry 2006. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 24 treatments, represented for the common bean genotypes, with four replications. All the common bean genotypes had presented satisfactory agronomic and technological performance, being distinguished the genotypes Gen 96A28-P7-1-1-1-1, Pérola, OP-S-16, OP-NS-331, Gen 96A28-P4-1-1-1-1 e CNFC 8065 how the number of pods for plant, 100 grains mass, rend and yield. Also had been distinguished the genotypes Gen 96A10 and CNFC 9484 in relation the protein content, cooking time and hydration capacity of the grains. / Doutor
56

Influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água na bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado - TO / Influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in the Ribeirao Lajeado - to basin

Lima, Dalvany Alves de Sousa January 2010 (has links)
O trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo sobre a influência da mata ciliar na análise qualitativa e dados quantitativos de água, em três pontos pertencentes à bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado-TO, cuja área é de 612,77 Km2. Os três pontos delimitados para a realização do estudo foram: Trecho do Ribeirão Lajeado (Ponto 1) com 22,09% de mata ciliar; Córrego Brejo da Passagem (Ponto 2) com 14,80% e Contribuinte do Ribeirão Lajeado (Ponto 3) com 49,08%. O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar a influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água na bacia do Ribeirão Lajeado. Os dados estatísticos descritivos, mostraram que os três pontos no período chuvoso apresentaram flutuações significativas de algumas variáveis analisadas. O ponto 3, bacia mais preservada, apresentou gradientes maiores de temperatura, nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido, pH e froude. Os pontos 1 e 2, as bacias consideradas menos conservadas, mostraram maiores flutuações das variáveis, no mesmo período amostral. O ponto 1 apresentou variações dos valores de sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade, transparência e nitrogênio orgânico relativamente mais altas. No ponto 2, a vazão apresentou valor mais elevado. A turbidez, nitrogênio total, sólidos totais, matéria orgânica, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido tiveram também valores elevados neste ponto. O fosfato apresentou variações similares nos pontos 1 e 2. Durante o período seco, nota-se que o ponto 1 apresentou variações maiores nas concentrações de temperatura, condutividade, sólidos totais dissolvidos e transparência. A turbidez, pH, alcalinidade, nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido, sólidos totais, matéria orgânica e Froude, demonstraram um gradiente relativamente alto no ponto 2. As concentrações das variáveis oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio (orgânico e total) e a vazão, apresentaram valores mais altos no ponto 3. A variável fosfato mostrou valores similares em todos os pontos. Os resultados de forma geral na análise de componentes principais demonstraram tendências para dois gradientes, temporal e espacial. No gradiente temporal, foi verificada a segregação dos períodos chuvoso e seco, onde foi analisado o comportamento das variáveis em ambos e no gradiente espacial observou -se a correlação entre os pontos e campanhas adotadas e o desempenho das variáveis físicas, químicas e hidrológicas. Em relação a dinâmica do carbono orgânico total e o carbono inorgânico dissolvido, pode evidenciar respostas mais significantes no período chuvoso, com valores mais expressivos nos pontos 1 e 2. No período seco analisado, observou-se que o ponto 3, apresentou valores mais elevados de carbono orgânico total, e o ponto 1 de carbono inorgânico dissolvido. De acordo com os resultados de outros testes estatísticos aplicados de forma integrada nos dois períodos analisados, verificou-se relações positivas entre: CND x STD; Zsd x Q; OD x Q e MO x ST, no ponto 1. Ainda no Ponto 1 os testes demonstraram correlação negativa nas relações OD x Froude e OD x STD. No ponto 2, verificou-se relações diretamente proporcionais entre as variáreis: T x Q; Zsd x Q; OD x Q; CND x STD e MO x ST. No ponto 3 observou-se também relações positivas entre as variáveis, T x Q; CND x STD e MO x ST; e relações negativas entre STD x (Froude e Q). Com relação ao comportamento hidrológico, especificadamente a vazão especifica, nos respectivos pontos estudados observou-se que o percentual de cobertura de mata ciliar no ponto 3, influenciou positivamente nos resultados dessa variável, no período seco. No período chuvoso, notou-se que os dados apresentaram valores relativamente mais baixos no mês de março. Os pontos 1 e 2, consideradas as bacias com menores percentuais de mata ciliar, demonstraram comportamentos diferentes nos resultados de vazões especificas. No período chuvoso as vazões especificas, com exceção do ponto 2 em parte do período de abril a maio, foram elevadas, o que possivelmente pode estar associado ao aumento do escoamento superficial neste período. Notou-se, entretanto, que no período seco, esses valores sofreram um decréscimo bastante significativo. De maneira geral para avaliar a possível influência da mata ciliar na qualidade da água, outros estudos devem ser realizados e aprofundados considerando características peculiares do ciclo hidrológico local, bem como monitoramento do transporte e deposição de sedimentos e a caracterização dos ciclos de nutrientes na água e nos ecossistemas de mata ripária, além de uma cuidadosa caracterização e quantificação das alterações no uso do solo. / The paper presents results of a study on the influence of riparian vegetation in qualitative and quantitative data of water at three points belonging to the basin of Lajeado stream-TO, whose area is 612.77 km2. The three points chosen for the study were: stretch of Lajeado steam (Point 1) with 22.09% of riparian vegetation; brejo da Passagem stream (Point 2) with 14.80% and Coducive of Lajeado stream (Point 3) with 49.08%. The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in the Lajeado stream basin. Descriptive statistics data showed that the three points in the wet season showed significant fluctuations of some variables analyzed. Point 3 is more preserved basin, showed higher gradients of temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, pH, and Froude. Points 1 and 2 basins considered less conserved, showed greater fluctuations of the variables in the same sample period. Point 1 showed variations in the values of total dissolved solids, conductivity, transparency and relatively higher organic nitrogen. In point 2, the flow were higher. Turbidity, total nitrogen, total solids, organic material, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen values were also high at this point. Phosphate showed similar variations in 1 and 2. During the dry season, it was noted that in point 1 showed greater variations in the concentrations of temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids and transparency. Turbidity, pH, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total solids, organic matter and Froude, showed a relatively high gradient in point 2. The concentrations of variables dissolved oxygen, nitrogen (organic and total) and flow, were higher in point 3. The variable phosphate showed similar values at all points. The results generally in principal component analysis showed trends for two gradients, temporal and spatial. In the temporal gradient, there was segregation of the rainy and dry season, where was studied the behavior of both variables. In the spatial gradient it was observed correlation between points and campaigns adopted and performance of physical variables, chemical and hydrological . Concerning the dynamics of total organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon, may show the most significant responses in the rainy season, with higher values in point 1 and 2. In the dry period analyzed, it was noted that the point 3 had higher values for total organic carbon, and the point 1 of dissolved inorganic carbon. According to the results of other statistical tests applied in an integrated way in the two study periods analyzed, it was found positive relationships between: CND x STD; ZSD x Q; OD x Q and MO x ST in point 1. Still in Point 1, the tests showed a negative correlation in the relationship OD x Froude and OD x STD. In Point 2, it was observed that there was directly proportional relationship between the varied: T x Q, ZSD x Q; OD x Q; CND x STD end MO x ST. Point 3 was also observed positive relationships between the variables, T x Q; CND x STD and MO x ST and negative relationships between STD x (Froude and Q). With regard to hydrology, specifically the flow specifies, in their points studied it was observed that the percentage coverage of riparian vegetation in point 3, positively influenced the results of that variable in the dry period. In the rainy season, it was noted that the data showed relatively lower values in March. Points 1 and 2, considering the basins with smaller percentages of riparian vegetation, showed different behaviors on the results of specific flow rates. In the rainy season the specific flows, with the exception of point 2 in part the period from April to May, were high, which possibly can be associated with increased outflow superficial in this period. It was noted, however, that in the dry season, these values have undergone a fairly significant decrease. Generally to assess the possible influence of riparian vegetation on water quality, further studies should be conducted and detailed considering the peculiar characteristics of local hydrological cycle, as well as monitoring the transport and deposition of sediments and the characterization of the nutrient cycles in water and riparian forest ecosystems, beyond of a careful characterization and quantification of changes in land use.
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Os trompetistas e o repertório da Osesp nas temporadas de concerto de 1977 a 1980 / The trumpeters and Osesp\'s repertoire at the concert seasons from 1977 to 1980

Fernando Luis Dissenha 07 April 2017 (has links)
Os primeiros anos da Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp) foram marcados pela instabilidade administrativa, o que impossibilitava, à época, a existência de uma programação de concertos. Com a chegada de Eleazar de Carvalho, em 1973, a Osesp inicia a estruturação de suas temporadas regulares, e uma das iniciativas foi a implementação de ciclos com obras de um mesmo compositor. Em 1977, foi apresentado o ciclo Beethoven, seguido de outros que deram destaque a Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Wagner, culminando, em 1980, com o ciclo de obras de Gustav Mahler. A pesquisa documental nos arquivos da orquestra revelou também que houve mudanças no conteúdo dos programas de concerto, que passaram a exibir informações detalhadas ao público da orquestra. Essa nova proposta de, progressivamente, aumentar os desafios técnicos e artísticos por meio dos repertórios, teve consequências na forma de preparação, escolha de equipamento e atuação dos músicos da Osesp. Esta tese propõe, referenciada pela teoria dos \"mundos da arte\", de Howard Becker, identificar os trompetistas que atuaram na Osesp, quais os processos que utilizaram para executar os repertórios e, por fim, contextualizar a importância das temporadas de 1977 a 1980, na trajetória musical da Osesp. / The early years of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (Osesp) were marked by administrative instability, which made it impossible at the time to have concert seasons. In 1973, when maestro Eleazar de Carvalho came to São Paulo, Osesp starts the structuring of its regular seasons, and one of the initiatives was the implementation of cycles of works by the same composer. In 1977, Beethoven\'s cycle was presented, followed by others that gave prominence to Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Wagner, culminating in 1980, with the Gustav Mahler\'s cycle. The documentary research at the orchestra\'s archives also revealed that there were changes in the content of the concert programs, which began to show detailed information to the audience of the orchestra. This new proposal to progressively increase the technical and artistic challenges through repertoires had consequences in the way of preparation, choice of equipment and performance of Osesp\'s musicians. This thesis proposes, using Howard Becker\'s theory of the \"art worlds\", to identify the trumpet players who performed at Osesp, the processes they used to execute the repertoires and, finally, to contextualize the importance of the seasons from 1977 to 1980, to the Osesp\'s musical path.
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Produção de mudas de oliveira em sistemas de cultivo sem solo / Production of olive seedlings in soilless systems

Cappellaro, Thais Helena 26 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_thais_cappellaro.pdf: 1178404 bytes, checksum: 100caf1aecc29b796007f6657cafc836 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / The propagation and growth of cv. Arbequina olive cuttings were studied at different epochs, concentrations of growth regulator, environment material collection and cultivation systems, along with the maintenance and rooting of cuttings from mother plants through three experiments conducted in greenhouse and plastic greenhouse Campus Didactic and Experimental Universidade Federal de Pelotas. The experiment 1 was conducted to evaluate the most appropriate epoch for rooting, the influence of the environment where the plants were located arrays and the effect of different concentrations of IBA (IBA) on rooting semihardwood cuttings of olive, Arbequina cultivar. Rooting was tested in three epochs (winter, spring and summer), collecting material environment (greenhouse and open field) and five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg l-1). The minicuttings were collected and standardized with two pairs of buds and leaves a pair of socks and subsequently placed for rooting in plastic boxes with average particle size of vermiculite, after preparation were placed in a greenhouse with controlled temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C for 80 days in three epoch. The evaluated variables were: percentage of minicuttings survival, percentage of rooted minicuttings, number of roots per minicutting and length of the roots. Minicuttings coming greenhouse provide greater survival, rooting number and root length. Spring is the epoch that, regardless of the collection environment, provide greater survival, rooting, number and length of roots. The use of material from open field and regulator at 3000 mg.L-1 provides greater rooting. Material collected in spring subjected to concentrations of 3000 and 4000 mg.L-1 produce greater number of roots. The experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the growth of olive seedlings obtained by minicutting Arbequina cultivar in soilless systems and at different epoch. The rooted minicuttings were placed to grow in three systems (semi-hydroponic, NFT -Nutrient Film Technique- and conventional ), in two epochs (fall / winter and spring / summer) for five months of cultivation. In the semi-hydroponic system substrate used was sand and irrigated daily with nutrient solution. In NFT the cuttings were placed in phenolic foam which were irrigated through intermittent flow and in the conventional plants were grown in plastic bags filled with a substrate Carolina ®, being provided 100ml of nutrient solution every 15 days. The variables analyzed were: number of shoots, shoot length, number of secondary shoots and secondary shoots length during the growing season and after 150 days of cultivation variables analyzed were: stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoots, fresh and dried root. The use of semi-hydroponic system provides greater plant growth. The epoch of greatest light intensity provides greater plant growth. The use of semi-hydroponic system and epoch 2 of warmer temperatures (spring / summer) provide increased plant growth. The experiment 3 was to evaluate the rooting of olive minicuttings from mother plants packed in soilless systems and conventional and assess the nutrient content of these minerals mother plants in two cropping epochs (fall / winter and spring / summer). The plants were in three cropping systems which were described in the second experiment. The minicuttings were collected in winter and set to root as the first experiment, but the IBA concentration was 3000 mg.L-1. The variables analyzed after 80 days were: percentage of minicuttings survival, percentage of minicuttings, number of roots per minicuttings, length of roots and for the analysis evaluated the nutritional content of macronutrients and micronutrients and dry mass of shoots and the root. The use of material from headquarters in soilless systems and conventional not differ in rooting of cuttings in winter. The semi-hydroponic system at epoch 2 (spring / summer) achieved higher levels of nutrients. In epoch 2 the semi-hydroponic system produces higher dry mass´´ content of shoot and root / A propagação e o crescimento de miniestacas de oliveira cv. Arbequina foram estudados em diferentes épocas, concentrações de regulador de crescimento, ambiente de coleta do material e sistemas de cultivo, juntamente com a manutenção e o enraizamento de miniestacas provenientes de matrizeiros, através de três experimentos conduzidos em casa de vegetação e estufa plástica no Campus Didático e Experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O experimento 1 foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a época mais adequada para o enraizamento, a influência do ambiente onde estavam localizadas as plantas matrizes e o efeito de diferentes concentrações de AIB (ácido indolbutírico) no enraizamento de miniestacas semilenhosas de oliveira, cultivar Arbequina. O enraizamento foi testado em três épocas (primavera, inverno e verão), ambiente de coleta do material (casa de vegetação e campo aberto) e cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg.L-1). As miniestacas de cada ambiente de cultivo das plantas matrizes foram coletadas e padronizadas com dois pares de gemas e um par de meias folhas e posteriormente colocadas para enraizar em caixas plásticas com vermiculita de granulometria média, após o preparo foram colocadas em casa de vegetação com temperatura controlada de 25 ±2°C durante 80 dias nas três épocas. As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de miniestacas vivas, porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca e comprimento das raízes. Miniestacas procedentes de casa de vegetação proporcionam maior sobrevivência, enraizamento, número e comprimento de raízes. A primavera é a época que, independente do ambiente de coleta, proporcionam maior sobrevivência, enraizamento, número e comprimento das raízes. A utilização de regulador de crescimento é influenciada pelo ambiente de coleta. O uso de material proveniente de ambiente aberto e de regulador a 3000 mg.L-1 proporciona maior enraizamento. Materiais coletados na primavera e submetidos às concentrações de 3000 e 4000 mg.L-1 produzem maior número de raízes. O experimento 2 foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de mudas de oliveira obtidas por miniestaquia da cultivar Arbequina em sistemas de cultivo sem solo e em diferentes épocas. As miniestacas enraizadas foram colocadas para crescer em três sistemas (semi-hidropônico, NFT - Nutrient Film Technique- e convencional), em duas épocas (primavera/verão e outono/inverno) durante cinco meses de cultivo. No sistema semi-hidropônico o substrato utilizado foi a areia, sendo diariamente irrigadas com solução nutritiva. No sistema NFT, as miniestacas foram colocadas em espuma fenólica as quais foram irrigadas através de fluxo intermitente, três vezes ao dia por 5 minutos e no sistema convencional as plantas foram cultivadas em sacos plásticos preenchidos com substrato Carolina®, sendo fornecidos em média 100ml de solução nutritiva a cada 15 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de brotações, comprimento de brotações, número de brotações secundárias e comprimento de brotações secundárias durante o período de cultivo e após 150 dias de cultivo as variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca da raiz. A utilização do sistema semi-hidropônico e a época 2 de temperaturas mais altas (primavera/verão) proporcionam maior crescimento das plantas. O experimento 3 teve como objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de miniestacas de oliveira provenientes de plantas matrizes acondicionadas em sistemas de cultivo sem solo e convencional e avaliar o conteúdo de nutrientes minerais destes matrizeiros em duas épocas de cultivo (primavera/verão e outono/inverno). As plantas matrizes encontravam-se em três sistemas de cultivo os quais foram descritos no experimento 2. As miniestacas foram coletadas no inverno e colocadas para enraizar conforme o experimento 1, porém a concentração de AIB utilizada foi de 3000 mg.L-1. As variáveis analisadas após o período de 80 dias foram: porcentagem de miniestacas vivas, porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca, comprimento das raízes e para a análise nutricional foram avaliados os conteúdos de macronutrientes e micronutrientes e massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. A utilização do sistema semi-hidropõnico assoaciado a época 2 (primavera/verão) proporcionam maiores teores de nutrientes e produzem maiores conteúdos de massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. Termos para indexação: propagação, estações do ano, época de crescimento, Olea europaea.
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Human cold exposure, adaptation and performance in a northern climate

Mäkinen, T. M. (Tiina M.) 23 May 2006 (has links)
Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the amount of cold exposure and factors affecting it at the population level in Finland, to determine what type of cold acclimatisation, if any, develops in urban residents in winter, and to find out whether cold acclimatisation or acclimation has a functional significance on psychological or physical performance. Tasks of low physical activity requiring attention and concentration (cognition, postural control) were assessed in cold. In a cross-sectional population study Finns aged from 25 to 74 years (n=6,951) were queried of their wintertime outdoor exposure duration and factors affecting it. In experimental studies seasonal cold acclimatisation (thermal responses) and its effect on cognition were assessed in the laboratory, where 15 young urban subjects were exposed to cold in winter and summer in bright or dim light. A controlled cold acclimation trial (n=10) was performed to study the effects of repeated exposures to cold on cognitive performance and postural control in young urban subjects. In the Finnish population the average amount of cold exposure in winter represents 4% of the total time. Most of the cold exposure occurs during leisure time and in outdoor occupations (agriculture, forestry, mining, industry, construction). Factors explaining increased occupational cold exposure were: occupation, age and a lesser amount of education. Factors associated with more leisure-time cold exposure were: being employed in outdoor occupations, being a pensioner, housewife, unemployed, practising physical exercise, and reporting at least average health. The experimental studies showed seasonal differences and aggravated thermal responses in urban residents in winter, but did not detect habituation responses typical of cold acclimatisation. In both seasons, acute moderate cold exposure resulted in positive, negative or mixed effects on cognition, reflected as changes in response times and accuracy. Simple cognitive tasks were impaired in cold, and in complex tasks both negative, positive and mixed effects were observed. It is suggested that cold exposure affects cognition through different mechanisms related to either distraction or arousal. Cold exposure increased postural sway by 70-90%, suggesting impaired postural control. Repeated exposures to moderate cold, reducing stress and discomfort and dampening physiological responses, did not markedly affect cognitive performance or postural control.
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Vigilance behaviour and its endocrine correlates in Plains zebra (Equus burchelli) living in a predator-free landscape

Fourie, Clasina Elizabeth 17 July 2012 (has links)
Group size affects individual and collective vigilance levels of prey species. As individual vigilance decreases with increasing group size, the indirect risk of predation to each individual and the group as a whole will also decrease (dilution and many-eyes effect) which may have a decreasing effect on stress responses on group level as well. Where predation risk is low, other factors like group size might influence stress-related glucocorticoid output in prey species. I test the relationship between group size and individual and collective vigilance levels in a plains zebra (Equus burchelli) population living in an environment with low adult predation risk due to the absence of lions (Panthera leo) in the Dinokeng Game Reserve (DGR). I also test for an effect of season (wet vs. dry) on these levels. Vigilance levels are expected to be higher in summer than winter, due to a seasonal influence on susceptibility to predation or the ease of predator detection. Finally, I test if the presence of foals in a band influences individual and collective vigilance levels. Mothers are expected to increase their vigilance levels since foals are most susceptible to predation by smaller predators in the reserve. I also aimed to specifically investigate how group size affects adrenocortical endocrine activity in male and female individuals of plains zebra bands living in an environment with low predation risk. With an increase in group size, and individual vigilance expecting to decrease, the indirect risk of predation to each individual and the group as a whole will also decrease (due to both dilution and many-eyes effect) which may decrease stress on group level as well. Affiliative social interactions between females could also have the effect of improving fitness and reducing stress levels in this species. We therefore evaluated the reliability of different enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) for monitoring glucocorticoid metabolite levels in plains zebra faeces by conducting an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test and associated translocation event. Individual vigilance decreased with group size, confirming a classic group size effect; while collective vigilance remained constant meaning individuals could reduce their own scanning and rely on scanning by other group members. Individual vigilance differs between seasons, with higher levels recorded in summer, but no seasonal effect is found on rate of scanning and collective vigilance. Interestingly, bands with foals have a lower level of individual vigilance than bands without foals, which may be due to added nutritional stress on mothers during lactation. A constant collective vigilance level means mothers may be able to increase foraging time without increasing predation risk. I successfully identified two group-specific EIAs as suitable for assessing adrenocortical endocrine activity in male and female plains zebra, but gender-specific differences in response to ACTH administration and translocation were detected. In winter, bands of free-ranging plains zebra differ significantly in terms of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) output, but due to the fact that the bands tested also differed in size as well as composition, the potential band size effect were analysed for males and females separately. Males in bands of greater size exhibit higher FGM levels than males in small bands; explained by the females’ need for protection, resource competition and reproduction pressure. FGM levels in females did not differ between bands of different sizes, indicating that potential changes in vigilance behaviour per se might not alter FGM output in a low-predation risk environment. This study confirms firstly, the classic group size effect on vigilance in plains zebra in this low predation risk environment and secondly, that group size and sex should be considered when looking at FGM levels in this social species. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

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