Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-23T12:13:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIEL DE OLIVEIRA TANNUS.pdf: 927426 bytes, checksum: 2d92cf3db946c0588c368b21c46a8e32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T12:13:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIEL DE OLIVEIRA TANNUS.pdf: 927426 bytes, checksum: 2d92cf3db946c0588c368b21c46a8e32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / This dissertation explores the question about Jesus of Nazareth, from the First Epistle of Peter, accomplishes the Suffering Messiah announced by the prophet Second Isaiah of the Old Testament. The petrine community was able to perceive in the suffering and oppression they were experiencing the resemblance of the image of the Suffering Servant to their own suffering and the suffering of Jesus. Going through the pericopes of 1Pd 2,21-25 and Is 53,1-10, it can be concluded that, in the eyes of the petrine community, Jesus perfectly fulfilled the announced Messianic characteristics. In order to understand the Messianic traits in these two communities, classical and contemporary authors were used to establish due dialogue on the issue. The academic reflections about Jesus Messiah Sufferer were made through a bibliographical research, supported by the historical-critical method, enriched by the sociological method and by the conflictual model. In making the approach of Jesus' suffering to that of the Suffering Servant of the Babylonian captivity, the petrine community realized the fulfillment of the Messianic promise, Jesus was the Messiah, not the triumphalistic incarnation that the Jews expected, but the incarnation in suffering. It is through suffering that the Petrine theology of Jesus Messiah the Sufferer is established. / Esta dissertação explora a questão acerca de Jesus nazareno, da Primeira Epístola de Pedro, realizar o Messias Sofredor anunciado pelo profeta Segundo Isaías do Antigo Testamento. A comunidade petrina conseguiu perceber, no sofrimento e na opressão que estavam vivendo, a semelhança da imagem do Servo Sofredor com o próprio sofrimento deles e com o sofrimento de Jesus. Perpassando pelas perícopes de 1Pd 2,21-25 e Is 53,1-10, pode-se concluir que, aos olhos da comunidade petrina, Jesus cumpriu com perfeição as características messiânicas anunciadas. Para perceber os traços messiânicos nessas duas comunidades, utilizou-se de autores clássicos e contemporâneos estabelecendo o devido diálogo sobre a questão. As reflexões acadêmicas acerca de Jesus Messias Sofredor foram feitas por meio de uma pesquisa basicamente bibliográfica, amparada pelo método histórico-crítico, enriquecida pelo método sociológico e pelo modelo conflitual. Ao fazer a aproximação do sofrimento de Jesus com o do Servo Sofredor do cativeiro da Babilônia, a comunidade petrina percebeu o cumprimento da promessa messiânica, Jesus era o Messias, não a encarnação triunfalista que os judeus esperavam, mas a encarnação no sofrimento. É através do sofrimento que se estabelece a teologia petrina de Jesus Messias Sofredor.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T12:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MENDES BORGES.pdf: 672484 bytes, checksum: 374e1f0c9179523168dd6f86b8d8f8e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T12:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MENDES BORGES.pdf: 672484 bytes, checksum: 374e1f0c9179523168dd6f86b8d8f8e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / The object of study of this research is the pericope of Isaiah 50: 4-7, the hearing of the Word of God and its effects on the hearer. It is proposed that the spirituality of the First Testament, and is summed up in hearing and living from the Word. It is concluded that this practice is present in the prophetism, in its fruits, or important effects during the mission. The reference for this research is the Third Song of the Suffering Servant, which is in the Second Isaiah, and expresses the prophet's mission to the exiled people. By listening daily to the Word of God, it brings comfort and hope to this situation of oppression. For this, the analysis of the text with its textual, literary, historical, editorial and current critical context is carried out in this research. It follows the context of the time of Second Isaiah in the Babylonian Exile. It ends with the application of this pericope for today when we see the effects of hearing the Word. The Servant is faithful even in the midst of suffering and experiences the effects of the Word of God thus becoming a parameter for those who announce it today. / O Objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é a perícope de Isaías 50,4-7, a audição da Palavra de Deus e seus efeitos em quem a ouve. Propõe-se que a espiritualidade do Primeiro Testamento, e se resume em ouvir e viver a partir da Palavra. Conclui-se que esta prática está presente no profetismo, em seus frutos, ou efeitos importantes durante a missão. A referência para esta pesquisa é o Terceiro Canto do Servo Sofredor, que está no Segundo Isaías, e expressa a missão do profeta junto ao povo exilado. Ao ouvir diariamente a Palavra de Deus, leva consolo e esperança para essa situação de opressão. Para tanto, realiza-se, nesta pesquisa a análise do texto com sua crítica textual, literária, histórica, redacional e contexto atual vital. Segue-se com o contexto da época do Segundo Isaías no Exílio da Babilônia. Finaliza com a aplicação desta perícope para hoje quando vemos os efeitos do ouvir a Palavra. O Servo é fiel mesmo em meio ao sofrimento e experimenta os efeitos da Palavra de Deus tornando-se assim parâmetro para os que hoje a anunciam.

Main aim of this thesis is to find out and refer to the importance of service as it is proclaimed in the Old and New Testament and how was the concept of service changing in time. First part deals with definitions of service and its meaning in four texts of the Book of Isaiah. Second part studies the importance of service in the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles and Epistles. The thesis describes Christ, who was dedicated to service, and his Mother Mary, the Servant of God. Some of the parables in New Testament also deals with service. It introduces three saint women of last millenium and their attitude, by which they followed Christ. The last part of the thesis focuses on importance of service in helping professions from the theological perspective.

In the United States, turnover threatens the economic status of the restaurant industry. In 2016, the turnover rate for the fast-casual restaurant dining industry was 1.8 million people with approximately 3 million people working in the industry. Restaurant leaders struggle with solutions to help reduce the problems of turnover. Guided by the servant leadership theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between empowerment, interpersonal support, and turnover in the fast-casual restaurant industry. A convenient sample of fast-casual restaurant supervisors (n =58) in the Midwestern region of the United States completed a survey with questions related to empowerment and interpersonal support from the servant leadership survey and questions from the turnover survey. The results of a multiple regression did not predict turnover F(8, 49) = .976; p >.05; R2 = .137). The effect size indicated that the regression model accounted for 14% of the variance in turnover. Empowerment (β = -.023, p = .916) did not relate any significant variation in turnover. Interpersonal support (β = .066, p = .146) did not relate any significant variation in turnover. Empowerment and interpersonal support could affect social change by enhancing the well-being of employees, which can encourage employees to provide better service in the restaurant business. Empowerment and interpersonal support include motivating factors in employee development, leading to volunteer and charitable contributions in the communities.

Nonprofit organizational leaders (NOLs) face laws that require increased transparency and more oversight on funding allocations. Grounded by a conceptual framework of Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory, Burns's transformational leadership theory, and Greenleaf's servant leadership theory, this multiple case study was developed to explore the leadership strategies of NOLs who implemented requirements of New York's Non-Profit Revitalization Act to increase funding allocations to support fulfillment of the organizational mission and achieve sustainability. The study population comprised NOLs from the Northeastern United States, who implemented requirements of the Non-Profit Revitalization Act requirements. Face-to-face semistructured interviews with 5 NOLs, a review of organizational documents, and member-checking were used to collect data for the study. Data were analyzed using a framework method to determine themes, visualization to code the data, and methodological triangulation to validate themes. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: strategies for building and maintaining relationships increased funding allocations and sustainability, trust and accountability strategies improved organizational mission achievement and funding allocations, and strategies for higher standards and expectations improved sustainability. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing insight to NOLs about the need to create leadership strategies to build relationships and trust with stakeholders while operating a more responsible nonprofit organization, thereby creating a better connection between organizational systems and increasing service effectiveness.

The improper promotion of police officers who lack effective police management skills results in poor supervisor/employee relationships and could have a further negative effect on the relationships between officers and citizens. Yet, few police departments utilize leadership testing in making promotional decisions. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive study was to explore whether servant leadership, from the perspective of police officers, is viewed as an effective leadership strategy. In particular, the focus of this study was on the element of humility as part of servant leadership theory. Data were collected by distributing the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) to 2,794 police officers of a large metropolitan area law enforcement agency, resulting in 386 useable surveys. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor loading analysis. Findings indicated that most, approximately 60 percent, of police officer participants perceive that their supervisors engage in servant leadership practices related to humility. Further, findings suggest the humility score from the SLS could be used to measure perceptions from subordinates as part of a police manager promotional process. Thus, the use of the SLS Questionnaire for measuring the humility construct within the context of servant leadership was determined to serve as a robust measure. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include providing recommendations to the law enforcement executives of this agency to engage in training and promotional processes that focus on servant leadership in order to promote strong working relationships between officers and supervisors, which in turn may improve relations with the public.

Despite Russia's foreign agent law and a plethora of literature on the deterioration of Russia's civil society, there is a scarcity of research about the breakthroughs and transformation of Russian-and-American (RA) nongovernmental organization (NGO) partnerships. Accordingly, the research goal of this qualitative case study was to explore the tenets of servant leadership theory exhibited by foreign aid organizations for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The research questions addressed the influence and dominance of servant leadership tenets within United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and its collaborating agencies. A content analysis was conducted using online publicly available data such as annual reports from foreign aid organizations, newspaper articles, fact sheets, recorded interviews, and blogs. Data were deductively coded around the servant leadership attributes: (a) listening, (b) healing, (c) awareness, (d) empathy, (e) foresight, (f) conceptualization, (g) stewardship, (h) persuasion, (i) commitment to the growth of people, and (j) building community. Content analysis findings revealed that some servant leadership tenets (e.g., building community, commitment to the growth of people) were more dominant than others among USAID and its collaborating agencies; however, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that servant leadership had a dominant effect on the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The implications for positive social change include recommendations involving governmental agencies, NGOs, and nonpartisan groups with understanding and adopting the principles of servant leadership for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships to assist Russian civil society with embedding principles of democratic governance.

隨著經濟穩定發展，使得公共事務日益繁雜，導致政府的職能與角色備受關注。而政府職能的推動與落實，公務人員著實扮演著重要而且關鍵的角色，透過考選的制度，對應試人員作智能的鑑別，視其優劣以為任用之依據，並考量其所具有的專業能力，一直是政府在施政上的重要議題。 公務人員考選制度從舉辦考試的報名書表開始，經過應考資格的審查、彌封作業、闈場作業、場務作業、考試作業、應考人提出試題疑義作業、卷務作業、成績評閱作業到成績放榜作業、應考人申請成績複查考成績處理及不服成績評定而進行之訴願，行政訴訟等都是考選制度之重要環結。本研究從行政法之公平原則角度將考選制度分為三部分略為探討： 一．事前部分：應考資格審查部分及體格檢查標準部分－即從現行各種考試之應考資格及體檢標準規定先敘明，再以行政法之公平原則－平等原則、比例原則、依法行政原則及正當法律程序原則，再加以分析其訂定各種應考資格及體檢標準之公平性與否。 二．事中部分：典試機關之命題，試題疑義部分及評閱部分－敘明目前法令之規定與實際執行情形，若與法令有所違背，是否有改進之處。 三．事後部分：複查制度部分與行政救濟部分－探討考生對於因試務機關行政疏失之補救之道，以個別案例歸納目前救濟制度之執行情形，並提出可改進之道。 本文盼藉著行政法制之公平原則分析我國現行考選制度之優缺點與改進之道，以建立健全，公平，合理之國家考試制度，冀能維人事制度之健全及人事行政工作之正常運作。

中共進十年來致力於建立「國家公務員制度」的工程，這是其幹部人事制 度改革中的一向新嘗試。但是中共一方面強調借鑒西方文官制度之經驗， 另一方面又堅持中國特色，究竟中共建構的所謂「有中國特色的公務員制 度」在執行之後有哪些成果與困難，觸發筆者研究本文的動機。本文以系 統研究法，企圖由中國大陸的政治、經濟、及社會環境系絡中，分析公務 員制度產生的原因。並歸納《國家公務員制度》的立法過程。主要論述著 重在，一九八九年開始的國家公務員制度「試點」以及九三年《條例》公 佈後，陸續公布的「職位分類」、「工資制度」、「考錄」、「辭職辭退 」、「考核」、「獎勵」、「職務升降」等七個單項法規及制度的執行概 況。 內容主要部份： （一）「試點」：從一九八九年四月起，在 國務院統計局、環保局、稅務局、審計署、建材局、海關總署六個單位進 行。地方從一九九○年起，首先選定哈爾濱、深圳兩市進行。試點結果有 助修改法規以及了解推行公務員制度可能遭遇的問題。（二）機構改革： 一九九三年的機構改革的「三定方案」，與公務員制度的推行，有密不可 分的關係。因為在機構改革相對成功的單位，才推行公務員制度。（三） 職位分類：將公務員簡單分為「領導職務」與「非領導職務」兩類。並將 全體公務員分為「十五級」。成效不佳。（四）工資制度：現階段以「職 務級別工資制」為主，但是因為財政短缺，因此公佈兩年有餘，仍未實施 。（五）考試制度：範圍限制在「主任科員」以下的「非領導職務」的公 務員。其次，要有基層工作經歷。從一九九四年至今舉辦多次的中央級國 家考試，是各項制度中，執行成果較好的。但是，身份與地域的限制是進 一步落實此制度的一大障礙。（六）辭職制度：主要困難在於，思想顧慮 及社會保障制度發展不均衡、考核結果無法兌現。 結論部分，推行公 務員制度的有利因素包括領導人支持、建立完善的人事管理系統、培訓工 作骨幹、媒體的重視與宣傳等。執行障礙包括意識型態上，黨管幹部的思 想、制度本身的缺陷、財政短缺、相關法規未建全、社會環境的限制等等 。此外，中共有意提高公務員法規體系層次，已將《國家公務員法》排入 一九九七年人大立法的議程。從法規面來看，中共公務員制度是有在進行 的，因為平均每年約有三個配套規定公布，數量相當可觀。但是中共公布 的公務員制度之相關資料，大多報喜不報憂。所以要打個折，才較接近事 實。個人認為，中共短期之內要健全公務員制度是不可能的，但就長期而 言，傾向「樂觀其成」。

生涯發展乃人事管理新趨勢，但公務人員的生涯發展卻未受到重視，尤共中期生涯階段公務人員由於升遷瓶頸不易突破，生理開始退化，家庭角色變化等因素，普遍遭遇中期生涯發展與調適困境，乃激發筆者從事此方面研究之動機，本研究目的有三： 　　一、對生涯發展階段理論及中期生涯發展之相關問題予以完整清晰之探索。 　　二、藉由現行公務人員人事管理措施之檢視及問卷資料之輔助，深入瞭解中期生涯階段公務人員的需求，面臨之困境，及自我調適的方法。 　　三、參考相關制度、理論，研提合理可行之建議，以為政府機關及公務人員之參考。 　　本研究採文獻分析方法及問卷調查法，以兼顧理論與實務。文獻分析方面，分別說明發展取向之生涯理論、個體生命發展歷程與生涯發展階段、中期生涯困境與調適等。根據文獻分析，瞭解中期生涯階段之現象及議題，據以設計問卷從事實證研究，以瞭解中期生涯公務人員之真正感受與生涯調適情形。 　　在實證調查方面，本研究抽樣對象為中央二級機關（即部會局處署）二十個，總計512位40至60歲公務人員。問卷主要分四部分，第一部分為對生涯規劃的瞭解程度，第二部分為中期生涯困擾的議題，第三部分為中期生涯公務人員之需求、價值觀及生涯調適情形，第四部分為基本資料。調查所得資料以國立政治大學電算中心之spss及spss/pc+（windows版），採次數分配、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及因素分析等方法進行統計分析。 　　依實證研究結果，本研究之發現為： 　　一、中期生涯公務人員對個人生涯規劃相當瞭解，以男性、主管、專科以上、任現職一年以下、10-12職等及負擔家計較重者瞭解程度較高。 　　二、學者在理論上所提中期生涯困境經質證研究結果，明顯存在於我國公務人員中期生涯發展的有，對個人能力及生產力的信心、工作負荷、退化感、壓力及問題的表達、失敗的威脅、生涯機會減少、為自己而活的覺醒、應對個人生涯負責的覺知、升遷公平性、被困住的感覺及親密需求等十一項。 　　三、中期生涯困擾程度以女性、非主管、學歷較低、職等較低、年齡較長、及年資較深者嚴重。 　　四、中期生涯公務人員的需求是內滋、外附需求兼半，尚待滿足項目有：公平公正升遷機會，上司的公平、重視和肯定，訓練進修機會，職務輪調，合理調高待遇，良好的福利措施、提供生涯發展之資訊及輔導等七項。 　　五、中期生涯公務人員傾向以主觀認定之標準來決定生涯成功，以個人內在期求引導自己，追求自我實現。 　　六、中期生涯公務人員在生涯調適上著重家庭生活，致力於達成工作、家庭及個人發展的平衡。 　　最後，綜合前述研究發現，就個人生涯規劃及組織生涯管理上提出建議，並提示後續研究之方向。