Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71050100644.pdf: 2460084 bytes, checksum: 241365dd3cddc6269db968680fafb88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-04T00:00:00Z / Há uma crescente preocupação em relação à temática dos resíduos sólidos entre acadêmicos, governos, empresas e indivíduos, embora pouco se conheça sobre os motivos que direcionam as escolhas pessoais no descarte de itens recicláveis dentro do domicílio. As pessoas participam ou não de programas de coleta seletiva por motivos que não são aparentes e nem diretamente identificados. Assim, o problema desta tese foi: Que determinantes influenciam o comportamento para reciclagem? Quais implicações disso para formulação de políticas públicas direcionadas ao comportamento para reciclagem? Em torno desta questão, o objetivo foi entender o quanto os modelos cognitivo-comportamentais predizem e explicam o comportamento para reciclagem (CR), buscando examinar a relação cognição-comportamento proposta pela sua fundamentação teórica. Nesta Tese parte-se da premissa de que existe uma lacuna entre a pose de uma atitude pró-ambiental e a demonstração do comportamento, o que tem sido conhecido como hiato atitude-comportamento. Para isso, optou-se pela análise comparativa do poder preditivo de modelos de escolha racional (Teoria do Comportamento Planejado e Teoria do Comportamento Interpessoal) e do Modelo Atitude-Comportamento-Contexto. Considerou-se uma amostra não probabilística (N=400) de responsáveis por domicílios paulistanos que constavam na lista de assinantes de telefones fixos da Telefônica. Posteriormente os dados coletados foram submetidos à Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados empíricos comprovaram a premissa que fundamenta esta Tese, mostrando efeito nulo da variável atitude na predição do comportamento para reciclagem. Os dados também revelaram que a melhor preditora de comportamento para reciclagem foi o hábito, seguido das influências sociais de grupos primários, controle percebido e da conveniência da coleta seletiva. Emergem daí a importância dos determinantes externos (contexto) como característica-chave para intervenções em políticas públicas direcionadas às mudanças comportamentais, conforme pressupostos do modelo ABC. / There is a growing concern about the issue of solid waste among academics, governments, companies and individuals, but little is known about the motives that drive personal choices in the disposal of recyclable items in a house. People participate or not programs of selective collection for reasons that are not apparent and not directly identified. Thus, the problem of this thesis was: what determinants influence that behavior for recycling? What are its implications for the formulation of public policies directed to the behavior for recycling? Concerning this issue, the goal was to understand how cognitive-behavioral models predict and explain the behavior for recycling, seeking to examine the relation cognition-behavior proposed in the theoretical basis. For this, the researcher opted for the comparative analysis of the predictive power of rational choice model (Theory of Planned Behavior and Theory of Interpersonal Behavior) and the Attitude, Behavior, Context model. It was used with a random sample (N = 400) of households situated in the city of São Paulo, taken from the list of subscribers of telephones (Telefônica). Subsequently, the collected data were submitted to the Structural Equation Modeling. The empirical results showed no effect of the variable attitude, reveling that the best predictor of behavior for recycling was the habit, followed by perceived control, social influences of primary groups and the selective collection convenience. Hence the emerging importance of the external determinants (context) as a key feature for interventions in public policies directed to behavioral changes, as assumptions of the ABC model.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The present dissertation aimed to investigate beliefs and other constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to developing a model able to identifying the main predictors of the intention to perform Digital Rectal Exam (DRE). For this, we did three studies. In the Study 1, a theoretical chapter on TAP and its applicability to human health behaviors was carried out, with emphasis on the behavior of the ETR. The Studies 2 and 3 were empirical, men between 40 and 70 years old participated, dividing them into two groups: the men that did the DRE x the men that didn’t do the DRE. In the Study 2, we aimed to identify the main beliefs of men about DRE, comparing the responses pattern by group. Here, a questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical questions and the free word evocation technique were used. We found that men who had already done DRE tended to evoke more terms for the susceptibility and severity of prostate cancer, while men who had never done emphasized the susceptibility to cancer and also the benefits of doing the DRE. These data showed how each group looks at the DRE, allowing for occasional interventions. The Study 3 investigated the predictive model of TPB (attitudes, norms and perception of control), aiming to identify the main predictors of the intention to doing the DRE. A scale with TPB constructs was used, as well as sociodemographic and clinical issues. In short, the results revealed that the attitude is better to predict the intent of men who had never done the DRE, while the norms are better to predict the intention of men who had already done so. And the perception of control seemed to work with the male audience whatever if they did or not the exam. Finally, we understood that TPB and the study of beliefs can help social and health researchers to understand the single factors that induce a person to engage in the behavior of interest, in this case, to understand how men engage in the DRE. / A presente dissertação buscou investigar crenças e os demais construtos da Teoria da Ação Planejada (TAP), visando desenvolver um modelo capaz de identificar os principais preditores da intenção de realizar o Exame do Toque Retal (ETR). Para isto, realizou-se três estudos. No Estudo 1 foi realizado um capítulo teórico sobre a TAP e sua aplicabilidade a comportamentos de saúde do homem, com ênfase no comportamento de realização do ETR. Já os estudos 2 e 3 foram empíricos, realizados com homens entre 40 e 70 anos de idade, dividindo-os em dois grupos: Fez o ETR x Não fez o ETR. No Estudo 2, procurou-se identificar as principais crenças de homens acerca do ETR, comparando padrão de respostas por grupo. Aqui, utilizou-se um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e clínicas, além da técnica de evocação livre de palavras. Constatou-se que os homens que já fizeram o ETR costumaram evocar mais termos voltados à suscetibilidade e gravidade do câncer de próstata, enquanto que os homens que não o fizeram destacou a suscetibilidade ao câncer e, também, os benefícios de realizar o ETR. Tais dados mostraram como cada grupo vê o ETR, possibilitando intervenções pontuais. Já o Estudo 3 investigou o modelo preditivo da TAP (atitudes, normas e percepção de controle), visando identificar os principais preditores da intenção de realizar o ETR. Foi utilizada uma escala com os construtos da TAP, além de questões sociodemográficas e clínicas. Em suma, os resultados revelaram que a atitude prevê melhor a intenção de homens que nunca fizeram o ETR, enquanto as normas preveem melhor a intenção de homens que já o realizaram. Já a percepção de controle pareceu funcionar junto ao público masculino independentemente de ter feito ou não o exame. Enfim, entende-se que a TAP e o estudo das crenças podem auxiliar os pesquisadores sociais e da saúde a entender os fatores únicos que induzem uma pessoa a engajar-se no comportamento de interesse, neste caso, entender como homens se engajam na realização do ETR.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The present dissertation aimed to investigate beliefs and other constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to developing a model able to identifying the main predictors of the intention to perform Digital Rectal Exam (DRE). For this, we did three studies. In the Study 1, a theoretical chapter on TAP and its applicability to human health behaviors was carried out, with emphasis on the behavior of the ETR. The Studies 2 and 3 were empirical, men between 40 and 70 years old participated, dividing them into two groups: the men that did the DRE x the men that didn’t do the DRE. In the Study 2, we aimed to identify the main beliefs of men about DRE, comparing the responses pattern by group. Here, a questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical questions and the free word evocation technique were used. We found that men who had already done DRE tended to evoke more terms for the susceptibility and severity of prostate cancer, while men who had never done emphasized the susceptibility to cancer and also the benefits of doing the DRE. These data showed how each group looks at the DRE, allowing for occasional interventions. The Study 3 investigated the predictive model of TPB (attitudes, norms and perception of control), aiming to identify the main predictors of the intention to doing the DRE. A scale with TPB constructs was used, as well as sociodemographic and clinical issues. In short, the results revealed that the attitude is better to predict the intent of men who had never done the DRE, while the norms are better to predict the intention of men who had already done so. And the perception of control seemed to work with the male audience whatever if they did or not the exam. Finally, we understood that TPB and the study of beliefs can help social and health researchers to understand the single factors that induce a person to engage in the behavior of interest, in this case, to understand how men engage in the DRE. / A presente dissertação buscou investigar crenças e os demais construtos da Teoria da Ação Planejada (TAP), visando desenvolver um modelo capaz de identificar os principais preditores da intenção de realizar o Exame do Toque Retal (ETR). Para isto, realizou-se três estudos. No Estudo 1 foi realizado um capítulo teórico sobre a TAP e sua aplicabilidade a comportamentos de saúde do homem, com ênfase no comportamento de realização do ETR. Já os estudos 2 e 3 foram empíricos, realizados com homens entre 40 e 70 anos de idade, dividindo-os em dois grupos: Fez o ETR x Não fez o ETR. No Estudo 2, procurou-se identificar as principais crenças de homens acerca do ETR, comparando padrão de respostas por grupo. Aqui, utilizou-se um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e clínicas, além da técnica de evocação livre de palavras. Constatou-se que os homens que já fizeram o ETR costumaram evocar mais termos voltados à suscetibilidade e gravidade do câncer de próstata, enquanto que os homens que não o fizeram destacou a suscetibilidade ao câncer e, também, os benefícios de realizar o ETR. Tais dados mostraram como cada grupo vê o ETR, possibilitando intervenções pontuais. Já o Estudo 3 investigou o modelo preditivo da TAP (atitudes, normas e percepção de controle), visando identificar os principais preditores da intenção de realizar o ETR. Foi utilizada uma escala com os construtos da TAP, além de questões sociodemográficas e clínicas. Em suma, os resultados revelaram que a atitude prevê melhor a intenção de homens que nunca fizeram o ETR, enquanto as normas preveem melhor a intenção de homens que já o realizaram. Já a percepção de controle pareceu funcionar junto ao público masculino independentemente de ter feito ou não o exame. Enfim, entende-se que a TAP e o estudo das crenças podem auxiliar os pesquisadores sociais e da saúde a entender os fatores únicos que induzem uma pessoa a engajar-se no comportamento de interesse, neste caso, entender como homens se engajam na realização do ETR.

Human - Technology - Organization (HTO) is a well-established, general unifying concept in the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority (SHK) that represents an approach, knowledge and use of various tools regarding interactions between people, technology and organizational factors. The HTO-perspective is well described in literature but there are few studies on how SHKs staff experiences working according to this method in their investigations. The aim of this study was therefore to describe their HTO-perspective, examine how it is used in the investigations at SHK and describe the investigators experience of working with the HTO-perspective as well as the method's usefulness compared to old methods in accident investigations. A literature study has been conducted in the areas of HTO, Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and safety culture. TPB and safety culture are described in this paper since they highlight the different aspects of a HTO-perspective. The hypothesis was answered by using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed by a content analysis and themes were identified. Furthermore the material from the interviews was subsequently structured through a Strength – Weakness – Opportunities – Threats analysis (SWOT), i.e. the informants' view on the HTO-perspective was structured based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats SHKs staff experience that the method has in the investigative work. The informants consisted of two investigators at SHK who 3have worked with accident investigations for a long time in various roles. The results yielded that the investigators had a positive attitude towards conducting investigations according to the HTO-perspective because they feel that this perspective provides them with cross-competence. A flaw is though that the perspective lacks a structured approach. As a result of this, the investigators own experiences and expertise play a major role in the quality of the investigation. As the study's aim is met and the informants are considered to be experts the validity requirements are also fulfilled.

Krisberedskap är ett aktuellt ämne som ur individperspektiv främst rör den egna förmågan att tillgodose sina grundläggande behov av vatten, värme, mat, kommunikation och medicin i minst 7 dygn om en kris inträffar. Detta ställer krav på individers medvetenhet och kunskap om kris och krisberedskap. Det saknas forskning på området och de studier som finns visar att medvetenheten och kunskapen är låg. Studiens syfte är att undersöka högskolestudenters oro för att en kris ska inträffa, deras kunskap och medvetenhet om kris och krisberedskap samt vilken beredskap studenter har att hantera en kris och eventuella samband mellan dessa. En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes. Resultatet visar att studenternas medvetenhet och kunskap om kris och krisberedskap är låg. Studenterna har störst oro för att en terroristattack ska ske och anser det troligt att en terroristattack kan inträffa inom fem år. Generellt är dock studenternas oro för att en kris ska inträffa låg. T-test genomfördes för att undersöka eventuella samband och skillnader i krisberedskap utifrån grad av kunskap och medvetenhet. Inga signifikanta samband eller skillnader påvisades. Studiens resultat diskuteras i relation till teorierna Health belief model och Theory of planned behaviour. Då kris och krisberedskap är ett aktuellt men obeforskat ämne rekommenderas vidare studier.

Dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur la mobilité internationale, nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse aux motivations des cadres français dans leur intention d’accepter une affectation internationale. Notre étude nous permet de soutenir que cette intention ne dépend pas uniquement des attitudes. Le contrôle comportemental perçu contribue également à la détermination de cette intention. Ce travail s’appuie sur la Théorie du Comportement Planifié (TCP). L’apport théorique de notre recherche est d’appliquer le modèle de la TCP auprès des cadres français pour savoir dans quelle mesure ils ont l’intention d’accepter une affectation internationale. L’apport managérial est de proposer aux entreprises des clés de compréhension leur permettant d’améliorer leurs pratiques de mobilité en identifiant les motivations des cadres pour une affectation internationale. L’apport méthodologique est la proposition de scénarios en fonction du pays de destination pour mettre en évidence la contribution des trois déterminants de cette intention en termes d’attitudes, de normes sociales et de contrôle perçu. / In the context of international mobility, we aim to explore in this thesis the motivations of the French executives regarding their intentions to accept an international assignment.Our study is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and enabled us to conclude that the intentions to accept international assignment does not depend solely on the attitudes. The perceived behavioral control also contribute to the determination of this intention. The theoretical contribution of our research is to apply the model of TPB on the French executives who have the intention to accept an international assignment. The managerial contribution is to offer the firms some key guidelines to broaden their understanding pertaining to the improvement in their practices of mobility by identifying the motivations of the executives for an international assignment.The methodological contribution is the proposition of scenarios based on country of destination for exhibiting the contribution of three determinants of this intention in terms of attitudes, social norms and perceived control.

The aim of this thesis is to define in more detail a safety factor, a factor of passage of time and an ecological behaviour factor influencing the mode choice on the Prague-Munich route in relation to railway as a reference mode, and to estimate the change in mode choice after HSR completion with emphasis on defined factors. The work qualitatively analyzes the sets of ideas and understandings of selected factors, which in turn affect the travel behavior and the mode choice. Defining these factors creates space for estimating and proposing perspectives for the development of expected travel behavior in the context of the planned HSR system on the Prague-Munich route. The presented thesis discusses and interprets the comparison of selected factors between existing modes of transport. The significance of the thesis lies in the understanding and definition of selected factors that are important for HSR planning strategies between Prague and Munich. Keywords: high-speed rail, travel behaviour, transport safety perception, perception of time, grounded theory, theory of planned behavior

A website’s foundation should be its usability and its user engagement. Designers can go further and persuade users. The design practice of persuasive design revolves around affecting people indirectly by changing attitudes or behaviors through product features or service characteristics. This has been utilized in various fields with great success. The field of sustainability has become a new theme of study with the goal of influencing user behavior toward more sustainable actions. Researchers have claimed that persuasive design is an effective way to change behaviors and could be utilized to reach different sustainability goals with websites being a viable medium for this. Frameworks for the entirety of the design process have been suggested but there seems to be a lack of literature on guidelines for existing sustainability website designs. This thesis aims to provide guidelines for websites of sustainability-related projects by researching the involvement of similar projects through people’s experiences, motivations, and intentions along with identifying persuasive design characteristics that can increase engagement. The resulting guidelines will be useful for existing designs of websites for sustainability-related projects to increase its persuasive power. A literature review was conducted along with empirical methods of data collection such as a survey, semi-structured interviews, and competition analysis. Theory of planned behavior (TPB), Fogg Behavior Model (FBM), and the Persuasive Systems Design model (PSD) were utilized as theoretical frameworks for collecting data. The empirical methods results were analyzed through a table connecting the theoretical frameworks to understand the results. The findings suggested that people have strong motivations and positive attitudes toward sustainability-related projects but the involvement in such projects is affected by limited ability caused by different barriers. By optimizing the interactive system and applying the persuasive design characteristics, the barriers can be reduced, and the websites’ persuasive power can be increased. Five guidelines were suggested based on the empirical results. An evaluation of the guidelines was not conducted which is proposed as the next step for further research. / Grunden av en webbplats bör vara dess användbarhet och användarengagemang. Utifrån denna grund kan designers gå längre och övertala användare via webbplatsen. Persuasive design är ett tillvägagångssätt inom design vilket kretsar kring att indirekt påverka människors attityder eller beteenden genom produkt- eller tjänsteegenskaper. Detta tillvägagångssätt har använts framgångsrikt inom varierande områden. Hållbarhet har blivit ett nytt studietema med målet att påverka användarnas beteende mot mer hållbara åtgärder. Forskare har hävdat att persuasive design är ett effektivt sätt att förändra beteenden och skulle kunna användas för att nå olika hållbarhetsmål med webbplatser som ett möjligt medium för detta. Ramverk för hela designprocessen har föreslagits men det förefaller vara brist på litteratur om riktlinjer för befintlig design av hållbarhetsrelaterade webbplatser. Denna studie syftar till att ge riktlinjer åt webbplatser för hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt genom att undersöka involveringen av liknande projekt genom människors erfarenheter, motivationer och avsikter samt att identifiera övertalande egenskaper hos persuasive design som kan öka engagemang. De resulterande riktlinjerna kommer att vara användbara för befintliga designer av webbplatser för hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt för att öka dess övertalande kraft. En litteraturgenomgång utfördes tillsammans med empiriska metoder för datainsamling som semistrukturerade intervjuer, en enkät, samt en konkurrentanalys. Teorin om planerat beteende (TPB), Foggs beteendemodell (FBM), samt modellen för Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) användes som teoretiska ramverk för att samla in data. De empiriska metodernas resultat analyserades genom en tabell som kopplade samman de teoretiska ramarna för att förstå resultaten. Studiens slutresultat tyder på att människor har starka motivationer och positiva attityder till hållbarhetsrelaterade projekt men engagemanget i sådana projekt påverkas av begränsad förmåga orsakad av olika hinder. Genom att optimera det interaktiva systemet och tillämpa de övertalande designegenskaperna från persuasive design kan hindren minskas och webbplatsernas övertalande kraft kan ökas. Fem riktlinjer föreslogs baserat på de empiriska resultaten. En utvärdering av riktlinjerna har inte genomförts vilket föreslås som nästa steg för vidare forskning.

Purpose: This research’s purpose is to test previous used factors that influence the green purchase intentions of apparel products on a not yet tested target group, young consumers in the Netherlands. The goal that goes with the purpose is to stimulate the sustainable apparel consumption in the Netherlands. Research design: To fulfill the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire has been distributed to young consumers in the Netherlands. A total of 400 valid respondents were collected through the convenience sampling- and snowball sampling method. With the valid respondents the multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Findings: The current study has found enough evidence to statistically prove that attitude, subjective norm, perceived environmental concern, a low aesthetic risk, and willingness to pay premium have a positive influence on the purchase intention. The study did not find enough evidence to statistically prove that perceived behavioral control, perceived environmental knowledge, and perceived consumer effectiveness have a positive influence on the purchase intention.

Holiday air travel behaviors are nowadays a significant issue in relation to climate change and sustainable tourism. Indeed, transportation, and especially air transportation, have a significant role in climate change. Hence, it is important that the tourism industry includes the transportation sector when developing solutions for sustainable tourism. As students are the future main target group of this industry, it is important to understand the reasons behind their choices. Until now, travel behaviors have been explained using single and specific theories, which did not include many factors explaining holiday air travel decisions. In this study, this concern is addressed by combining two theories in relation to behavior formation - the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory - in order to understand all motivations and barriers behind students’ holiday air travel behaviors. The analysis of the findings shows that many internal and external factors affect students decisions in regards to flying during holidays, including values, beliefs, social and personal norms, as well as accessibility, country of origin, price, time, distance, and social influence. However, the analysis of the results also demonstrates two gaps between attitudes and behaviors within the student community, which link to the cognitive dissonance theory: an awareness-attitude behavior gap and a contextual gap. The paper argues that while the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory can be used simultaneously in order to analyze decisions regarding holiday air transportation, they are not sufficient as these two gaps emerged. The study concludes suggesting destination developers and national governments to take into account the present factors behind students’ decisions in order to develop sustainable destinations.