Um dado de relevante importância nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, é a crescente incidência de mortes por doenças cardíacas, sendo a Parada Cardiorrespiratória (PCR) a situação mais temida pelos profissionais nos departamentos de emergência e em ambiente pré-hospitalar. O diagnóstico deve ser rápido e preciso, e as manobras de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP) devem ser iniciadas precocemente a fim de aumentar as chances de sobrevivência dos pacientes. Para um atendimento de qualidade são necessários conhecimentos técnicos e científicos, e programas de educação em RCP devem ser implantados. Considerando que a sobrecarga dos serviços de atendimento dificulta o acesso dos profissionais a capacitações, surge a necessidade da utilização de estratégias de ensino atrativas, sendo o computador uma alternativa eficaz, por facilitar a difusão de conhecimentos. Este estudo tem como objetivos desenvolver um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) para educação em Suporte Básico de Vida na PCR e avaliar a qualidade do seu conteúdo junto a especialistas na área de Urgência e Emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, de produção tecnológica. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi baseada no Modelo de Design Instrucional - ADDIE (em inglês: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation), que estrutura o planejamento de ensino- aprendizagem em estágios distintos: análise, desenho, desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação. O AVA para Capacitação em RCP foi composto por textos elaborados a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, links de domínio público, um vídeo construído a partir de um cenário de simulação em laboratório e questões para avaliar a fixação do conteúdo. O desenvolvimento dos conteúdos foi realizado em módulos, constituídos das seguintes estruturas: identificação do módulo, objetivos, conteúdo, links e referências. Para o desenvolvimento do AVA foi utilizada a linguagem HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), que permite a interação com o conteúdo e pode ser acessada por meio de plataformas como celulares ou tablets. O AVA foi submetido à avaliação junto a oito juízes, com objetivo de avaliar se este corresponde à proposta educacional a que se destina, assim como se o acesso é eficaz e eficiente. Os especialistas avaliaram que os objetivos foram alcançados, sugerindo algumas modificações. As melhorias foram feitas e o AVA foi disponibilizado para acesso no endereço eletrônico: www2.eerp.usp.br/nepien/pcr. Com o desenvolvimento deste estudo, espera-se apresentar e disponibilizar para uso uma estratégia de ensino inovadora, que poderá aprimorar o aprendizado, colaborando com a qualidade da assistência prestada / Relevant information in developed and developing countries such as Brazil is the growing incidence of deaths caused by heart disease; cardiorespiratory arrest is the situation most feared by professionals in emergency rooms and in care administered prior to hospital admission. The diagnosis must be fast and precise and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) must promptly be initiated to increase a patient\'s chances of survival. Technical and scientific knowledge is necessary to provide quality care and CPR training programs should be implemented. Considering that the overload of services hinders the access of workers to training programs, there is a need to use attractive teaching strategies; computers are an efficacious alternative to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge. This study\'s objectives include developing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to provide Basic Life Support in CPR training and assess the quality of its content with experts in the field of Emergency and Urgent Care. This is an applied study with technological matters. The methodology used was based on the instructional systems design ADDIE, which stands for analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation, different stages to structure the teaching and learning planning. The VLE to provide CPR qualification was composed of texts based on bibliographic research, public domain websites, video with a laboratory simulation scenario and questions to assess the apprehension of context. Content was developed in modules composed of the following structures: module identification, objectives, content, links and references. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) was used, which enables interaction with content and can be accessed from platforms such as mobile phones or tablets. Eight judges assessed the VLE. Their objective was to verify whether the VLE corresponded to its educational proposal and whether access was efficacious and efficient. The experts assessed which objectives were achieved and suggested some improvements. Changes were implemented and the VLE was released for access on the website: www2.eerp.usp.br/nepien/pcr. The development of this study is expected to present and make available an innovative teaching strategy that can improve learning and facilitate the quality of care delivery

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilena Estrella Facuri.pdf: 2879526 bytes, checksum: 081e9d72c47da479cf0bfc89f8c1061d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-16 / The world is undergoing transformation in pursuit of acquiring knowledge, this context has received several denominations: the knowledge society (Levy, 1999), information age (Oliver, 1999), the network society (Castells, 2000). Access to knowledge has never been so available through networks that circulate among millions of users these new social and economic goods. Their acquisition processes in based on information and communication technology platforms have become indispensable to the programs and projects for training and education. Without such insights and understandings about these devices, platforms, theoretical arrays and methodologies in the new relations of teaching and learning stagnate. The blended mode - in accordance with Portaria MEC nº. 4.059/2004 - is characterized as any teaching activities, modules or units of teaching and learning focused on self-learning under the tutelage of qualified teachers and with the mediation of learning resources organized in different information media using technologies of remote communication. This hybrid model (the classroom and the use of Virtual Learning Environment - VLE) has raised questions about how interaction and pedagogic mediation between teachers and students could occur in VLE. This research aims to understand the process of pedagogical interaction and mediation of the teacher who uses the Virtual Learning Environment Aluno on-Line of Centro Universitário de Rio Preto - UNIRP and student learning. Methodologically the research will be realized by the method of case study that will seek also to study how meaningful learning and knowledge construction mediated by Virtual Learning Environment occur. Data collection will be performed by direct analysis of the records of the interfaces of VLE. Contemporary theories of learning closer to this study are: Jean Piaget's constructivism, the social constructivist interactionist or sociointeractionists of Vygotsky and meaningful learning of Ausebel. Although these theories were not originally designed to examine the cognitive development of adult students, they adapt to our discussions for presenting the cognitive characteristics that emphasize the concepts of interaction and mediation as well as the influence that the environment and context have to a constructed and meaningful learning / O mundo está em processo de transformação na busca pela aquisição de conhecimento, esse contexto tem recebido diversas denominações: sociedade do conhecimento (LÉVY, 1999), era da informação (OLIVER, 1999), sociedade em rede (CASTELLS, 2000). O acesso ao conhecimento jamais esteve tão disponível por meio de redes que fazem circular entre milhões de usuários essa nova mercadoria social e econômica. Seus processos de aquisição em plataformas baseadas nas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação tornaram-se imprescindíveis para os programas e projetos de formação e de educação. Sem tais percepções e compreensões acerca destes dispositivos, as plataformas, as matrizes teóricas e metodologias nas novas relações de ensino e aprendizagem ficam estagnados. A modalidade semipresencial - de acordo com a Portaria MEC nº. 4.059/2004 - é caracterizada como quaisquer atividades didáticas, módulos ou unidades de ensino-aprendizagem centrados na auto-aprendizagem, sob a tutoria de docentes qualificados e com a mediação de recursos didáticos organizados em diferentes suportes de informação que utilizem tecnologias de comunicação remota. Este modelo híbrido (sala de aula e o uso do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem - AVA) suscitou questionamentos a respeito de como poderia ocorrer interação e mediação pedagógica entre docente/discente no AVA. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender o processo de interação e mediação pedagógica do professor que utiliza o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Aluno On-Line do Centro Universitário de Rio Preto - UNIRP e a aprendizagem do aluno. Metodologicamente a pesquisa irá se concretizar pelo método de estudo de caso que buscará estudar como se processa a aprendizagem significativa e a construção do conhecimento mediada pelo Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem AVA. A coleta de dados será realizada por meio de análise direta dos registros das interfaces do AVA. As teorias contemporâneas de aprendizagem que mais se aproximam deste estudo são: o construtivismo de Jean Piaget, a socioconstrutivista interacionista ou sociointeracionismo de Vygotsky e a aprendizagem significativa de Ausebel. Embora essas teorias não tenham sido originalmente criadas para analisar o desenvolvimento cognitivo de alunos adultos, elas se adaptam às nossas discussões por apresentarem características cognitivas que enfatizam os conceitos de interação e mediação, bem como a influência que o meio e o contexto têm para um aprendizado construído e significativo

Ao considerarmos hipoteticamente três alunos com aptidões e potencialidades similares para as aulas de Educação Física, poderemos observar que um deles se identifica e realiza o programa proposto, enquanto outro apenas cumpre com seu dever de participar e para um terceiro as situações que surgem nas aulas são desagradáveis e enfadonhas. As diferenças de motivação podem explicar, em parte, níveis de envolvimento diferenciados. Apesar de sua importância para a aprendizagem, motivação raramente recebe a devida atenção de professores e pesquisadores. Com a realização deste estudo buscou-se discutir a importância do conhecimento e aplicação intencional de conceitos motivacionais em sua complexa dinâmica de desencadeamento. Nesta perspectiva, o professor deve reconhecer não somente temas de planejamento como: metodologia, conteúdos, avaliação e objetivos, mas considerar também a dimensão emocional e motivacional de sua atuação. O presente estudo teve a intenção de compreender o fenômeno motivação em seus diferentes aspectos estabelecendo e analisando as relações mais significativas entre os componentes motivacionais e o processo ensino e aprendizagem em Educação Física. Mediante tal análise, estabeleceu-se o propósito de proporcionar conhecimentos necessários à construção de um ambiente de aprendizagem: a) favorável ao aprimoramento da qualidade de oportunidades de aprendizagem e envolvimento dos alunos frente às atividades propostas, e; b) favorável à criação de impressões positivas relacionadas às atividades físicas e corporais, podendo contribuir assim, na incorporação dessas práticas à vida das pessoas. Dessa maneira este estudo se propôs a apontar orientações didáticas comprometidas com questões motivacionais, compondo diretrizes úteis para desenvolver a motivação em aulas de Educação Física / Considering hypothetically three students with similar aptitudes and potentialities for Physical Educations class, we will be able to observe that one of them can identify himself/herself and accomplish the proposal program, while another one can just fulfills with his/her duty to participate and for a third one the situations that appear in the classes are unpleasant and boring. The motivation differences can explain, in part, differentiated levels of involvements. Although, being important for the learning, motivation rarely receives the significant attention from teachers and researchers. This study searched to examine the importance of the knowledge and intentional application of motivational concepts in its dynamic complex of occurrence. In this perspective, the teacher must not only recognize planning subjects as: methodology, contents, evaluation and objectives, but he must also consider the emotional and motivational dimension of its performance. The present study had the intention to understand the motivation phenomenon in its different aspects, establishing and analyzing the most significant relations between the motivationals components and the process of education and learning in Physical Education. Through such study, it was established the intention to provide the necessary knowledge to the construction of a learning environment: a) favorable to the improvement of the quality of learning opportunities and the students involvements during the activities proposals, and; b) favorable to the creation of positive impressions related to the physical and corporal activities, being able to contribute thus, in the incorporation of these practical to the life of the people. In this way, this study proposed to point didactic orientation compromised with motivationals issues, composing useful lines of direction to develop the motivation in Physical Education\'s classes

Skolinspektionen fick i uppdrag att mellan 2015-2017 granska 82 förskolor för att se om undervisning sker i förskolan så som skollagen (SFS2010:800) föreskriver och konstaterade då att barn visserligen ges möjlighet att utvecklas och lära i förskolan men att det sällan sker genom medveten undervisning (Skolinspektionen 2016). De konstaterade också att barnens nyfikenhet och vetgirighet inte togs tillvara samt att en fjärdedel av de undersökta förskolorna inte stimulerade barnen till att samspela och lära av varandra. Läroplanen har varit tydlig, och är det även i Lpfö18 (Skolverket, 2018), med att man ska vistas både inne och ute och i skiftande miljöer. Utevistelsen ger sinnesstimulans och rörelse vilket borde innebära att möjligheterna att lära ute är väldigt bra. Det som jag vill undersöka i den här studien är om man i förskolan tycker att utevistelsen är en plats för undervisning och hur man tolkar undervisning som begrepp. Studien vill belysa hur pedagogerna i förskolan ser på begreppet undervisning och hur de förhåller sig till utevistelsen som undervisningsmiljö. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ design och samlat in material med hjälp av fokusgruppsintervjuer. För att analysera det insamlade materialet har Tematisk analys använts och fyra teman för respektive frågeställning har fastställts. Teman jag fått fram på frågan om vad undervisning är blev: ”Skolifiering”, ”Lärande utifrån intresse och läroplan”, ”Lek är undervisning” och ”Planerad eller oplanerad aktivitet som leder till ett lärande”. Temana för hur utomhusmiljön fungerar till undervisning blev: ”Upplevelser”, ”Utforskar”, ”Tillsammans” och ”Lek”. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna först tagit emot undervisningsbegreppet med stor skepsis för att efter ett tag inse att det faktiskt var något som redan pågick i förskolan. Då det var förskolor med en utomhuspedagogisk profil så var det självklart för dem att använda sig av utevistelsen som plats för undervisning. Undervisning i förskolan har gått ifrån en rädsla att skolifiera förskolan till att man gjort en egen tolkning av undervisning i förskolan, en förskolifiering.

Students' motivation has been identified as a critical factor for meaningful engagement and positive academic achievement in various educational settings. In particular, self-regulation strategies have been identified as important skills in online learning environments. However, applying self-regulation strategies, such as goal setting, strategic planning, and reflect performance takes significant effort. Without motivation, students will not enact these types of strategies. Autonomous self-regulation has been investigated in traditional classroom settings and there is ample empirical evidence of a significant relationship between autonomous self-regulation and engagement and academic achievement. However, such research was limited in online learning environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affected students' autonomous or self-determined forms of regulation as defined in self-determination theory (SDT). The study examined the relations between students' self-regulated motivation and four other variables (students' interests in the course, students' perception of their instructor's interaction type, students' technology self-efficacy, and students' perception of the degree to which their online learning environment used constructivist-based pedagogy), and the interactions among these variables in college online courses. In addition, the study examined the relationship between students' autonomous forms of regulation and their engagement, learning achievement, interaction behaviors, and satisfaction in the online course. For students' interaction behaviors, the total number of authored and read messages, the total number of visits to the content page, the total number of visited topics in the content page, and total duration spent in the content page were examined. One hundred forty students in 19 online courses participated in this study. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed: (a) Both environmental factors, instructors' autonomy-supportive interaction and learning environments using constructivist-based pedagogy predicted students' autonomous self-regulated motivation (b) Students' autonomous self-regulated motivation predicted students' self-reported engagement, achievement, and satisfaction (c) Two personal factors, interest in the course and technology self-efficacy did not predict students' autonomous self-regulation (d) Students' autonomous self-regulated motivation did not predict any interaction behaviors. The findings from this study are largely congruent with prior theory and research in the fields of academic motivation, self-determination, and online learning, which note that environmental factors, instructors' autonomy-supportive interaction and constructivist-based pedagogy significantly affect students' autonomous self-regulation in online learning environments.

Skolinspektionen fick i uppdrag att mellan 2015-2017 granska 82 förskolor för att se om undervisning sker i förskolan så som skollagen (SFS2010:800) föreskriver och konstaterade då att barn visserligen ges möjlighet att utvecklas och lära i förskolan men att det sällan sker genom medveten undervisning (Skolinspektionen 2016). De konstaterade också att barnens nyfikenhet och vetgirighet inte togs tillvara samt att en fjärdedel av de undersökta förskolorna inte stimulerade barnen till att samspela och lära av varandra. Läroplanen har varit tydlig, och är det även i Lpfö18 (Skolverket, 2018), med att man ska vistas både inne och ute och i skiftande miljöer. Utevistelsen ger sinnesstimulans och rörelse vilket borde innebära att möjligheterna att lära ute är väldigt bra. Det som jag vill undersöka i den här studien är om man i förskolan tycker att utevistelsen är en plats för undervisning och hur man tolkar undervisning som begrepp. Studien vill belysa hur pedagogerna i förskolan ser på begreppet undervisning och hur de förhåller sig till utevistelsen som undervisningsmiljö. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ design och samlat in material med hjälp av fokusgruppsintervjuer. För att analysera det insamlade materialet har Tematisk analys använts och fyra teman för respektive frågeställning har fastställts. Teman jag fått fram på frågan om vad undervisning är blev: ”Skolifiering”, ”Lärande utifrån intresse och läroplan”, ”Lek är undervisning” och ”Planerad eller oplanerad aktivitet som leder till ett lärande”. Temana för hur utomhusmiljön fungerar till undervisning blev: ”Upplevelser”, ”Utforskar”, ”Tillsammans” och ”Lek”. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna först tagit emot undervisningsbegreppet med stor skepsis för att efter ett tag inse att det faktiskt var något som redan pågick i förskolan. Då det var förskolor med en utomhuspedagogisk profil så var det självklart för dem att använda sig av utevistelsen som plats för undervisning. Undervisning i förskolan har gått ifrån en rädsla att skolifiera förskolan till att man gjort en egen tolkning av undervisning i förskolan, en förskolifiering.

Academic enablers comprise a set of beliefs and skills that significantly contribute to student success. Although these skills are crucial to academic competence, gaps exist in the research related to the development of academic enablers. Namely, previous research has not investigated how these behaviors change over the kindergarten year. Moreover, there are inconsistent findings regarding the influence of experiences prior to entering kindergarten, specifically preschool attendance and the home learning environment, on the development of academic enablers in young students. Using a sample of 83 parent-child dyads, the present study investigated academic enablers in kindergarten students. A mixed between-within analysis of variance found that girls displayed greater academic enablers at the beginning of the kindergarten year, but neither gender demonstrated growth over the kindergarten year. Additionally, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were run to determine whether environmental factors predicted academic enablers at the beginning and end of kindergarten. Findings indicated the length of preschool experience did not predict adaptive academic enablers at the beginning of the kindergarten year or the end of the year, regardless of gender. Conversely, the home learning environment predicted kindergarten students' levels of academic enablers at the beginning of the year, such that those with educationally enriched home environments displayed higher levels of academic enablers, regardless of gender. This influence was not maintained over the kindergarten year. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att få kännedom om hur studiero i klassrummet är kopplat till elevers språkutveckling. Den språkliga utvecklingen är nödvändig för eleverna och för att den ständigt ska kunna utvecklas behövs en lugn och trygg klassrumsmiljö där undervisningen ska kunna bedrivas på bästa möjliga sätt. Studien har utgått ifrån frågeställningarna Vilka ledarskapskompetenser använder lärare för att främja studiero under lektionerna? och Hur reflekterar lärare kring sambandet mellan klassrumsmiljö och elevers språkutveckling? Studien har utförts med en kvalitativ ansats där lärare som varit verksamma på Umeå kommun, Botkyrka kommun, Haninge kommun samt Järfälla kommun berättat om sina tankar och tillvägagångssätt om ämnet. Syftet med att intervjua olika lärare från olika delar i landet har varit för att göra studien så nyanserad som möjligt där flera lärare från olika ställen delat med sig av sina reflektioner och tillvägagångsätt i sitt yrke. Resultatet indikerade att klassrumsmiljön är starkt kopplat till elevers språkutveckling och att det inte går att förbise detta. Ett lugnt och tryggt klassrumsklimat är nödvändigt för att eleverna ska kunna ständigt stimulera sitt språk på bästa möjliga sätt. Enligt samtliga respondenter var goda lärar- och elevrelationer avgörande för att skapa studiero och trivsel i klassrummet. Lärarna bör således ständigt sträva efter att skapa goda relationer till sina elever eftersom det ger goda förutsättningarna till att skapa ett trivsamt klimat där en ömsesidig respekt mellan alla parter blir befintlig. Sammanfattningsvis ansåg samtliga lärare att strävan för att skapa en god arbetsro kan vara komplex, men att det är ett aktivt ledarskap hos pedagogen som är nödvändig där goda och tillitsfulla relationer till eleverna är centralt. Pedagogerna delade synpunkten om att en trygg klassrumsmiljö stimulerar elevernas språkutveckling och därför är dessa delar nödvändiga för att läraren ska kunna bedriva en undervisning som ger förutsättningar för en god språkutveckling bland eleverna. / The purpose of this study has been to gain knowledge about how a good classroom environment is connected to pupils' language development. Language development is necessary for pupils and in order for it to be constantly developed, a good classroom environment is desirable. The study has been based on the questions What leadership skills do teachers use to promote a calm and good classroom environment? and How do teachers think about the connection between a good classroom environment and pupils’ language development? The study has been carried out with qualitative methods and five interviews were conducted with different teachers from the country where they have talked and discussed about their thoughts on the subject. The results showed that the teachers believed that the classroom environment is strongly linked to pupils' language development and that it is necessary for the teachers to create good relationships with their pupils in order to create a good classroom climate. Teachers should therefore constantly strive to create good relations with their pupils as it provides good conditions for creating a good learning climate. Overall, the teachers considered that the striving to create a good learning environment can be complex, but an active leadership of the teacher is necessary where good relationships with pupils are a central part. The teachers also considered that a good classroom environment bring better language development among pupils, therefore, a good classroom environment is necessary so the teacher can be able to conduct a teaching that provides the conditions for good language development.

As the need for educational reform is increasingly recognized, so too is the need for effective professional development (Guskey, 2000). Historically the evaluation of professional development experiences has been limited to exit surveys, noticeably failing to examine the long-term impact of the effort. This study assessed the impact on the classroom learning environment of a yearlong, job-embedded professional development opportunity for middle-school mathematics teachers. The application of learning environment instruments to the evaluation of professional development is a unique feature of this study. The research employed the Questionnaire on Teacher Interactions (QTI) and a modified version of the What Is Happening In this Class? (WillIC) survey with over 1000 middle-school mathematics students in 57 classrooms in the state of Washington. Both instruments were administered at the beginning and end of the school year. Teacher interviews were conducted with a sample of participants in order to further illuminate the impact of the professional development. Data from the study were examined for changes in the learning environment and to cross-validate the QTI and WIHIC with this specific population. Results indicate that the QTI and WIHIC are valid and reliable with the middle-school population is this study. Statistical analyses of learning environment data indicate that any pretest-posttest changes that were observed are mostly likely too small to be of educational significance. This study contributes to a better general understanding of the impact of this professional development, and its findings could be utilized in the preparation of future professional development opportunities.

This study involved examining differences and similarities between the learning environment perceptions of students attending the Computer Science department and the Management department at an information technology university in Jakarta, Indonesia. In doing so, the study investigated which types of learning environments were most likely to strengthen student outcomes in computer-related courses and identify ways in which the university could enhance the teaching and learning process.The study examined whether relationships exist between students' cognitive and affective outcomes and four productivity factors: the learning environment; the quality of teacher-student interactions; students' aptitude; and students' motivation to select their chosen subject. To measure the four productivity factors, 422 students from 12 classes were asked to respond to four questionnaires that were modified to suit tertiary-level computing students: (1) the What is Happening in this Class? questionnaire (WIHIC) to measure students' perceptions of the learning environment, (2) the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) to measure students' perceptions of the student-teacher interaction; (3) the Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT) to measure the students' aptitude; and (4) a scale that was developed to measure students' motivation towards their course. To measure students' cognitive outcomes, information was retrieved from the university database and, to measure students' attitudes towards their computer-related subjects, four modified scales from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) were used.Each of the instruments was found to be valid and reliable in the Indonesian language for use at the university level in terms of factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and ability to differentiate between the perceptions of students in different classrooms. These instruments ++ / provide a, means by which lecturers can monitor their classroom environments, their lecturer interaction behaviour and their students' logical thinking, motivation and attitudes. Generally, it was found that computer science students perceived the classroom environments more favourably than management students. These findings related to departmental differences at the university level provide insights into how students from different departments perceive the learning environment. Also, the study pointed to departmental differences in students' logical thinking which could influence the types of learning environment that suit students from different departments. Departmental differences in students' perceptions of the lecturer-student interpersonal behaviour suggest that lecturers should take note that the personal relationships which they build and the ways in which they treat students.