This thesis traces the career of the prolific eighteenth-century author Eliza Haywood through narratological analysis of some of her key works. It contributes to the new wave of Haywood criticism that is moving away from the thematic, gender based focus that has dominated discussion of her oeuvre since her critical rediscovery in the 1980s. My narratological method demonstrates how understanding at a formal and thematic level is enhanced by the employment of theoretical narrative paradigms. Narratology is interested in the relationship between the events of a narrative (story) and how these events are presented (text). I utilize the narratological terminology of Gérard Genette because it is narrative discourse, rather than the mere events of a story, that provides the basis for a meaningful discussion concerning matters of presentation. Making the topic of narrative discourse central to the study requires analysis of voice, point of view, speech, and temporality, as it covers the ways in which the story is told. Throughout her career, Haywood manipulates these narrative features so as to create inventive texts that adapt to the changing trends of the literary marketplace. Key topics of discussion include Haywood s continuous but developing use both of the embedded narrative and anachronies; the differing levels of intrusion created by her narrators employment of metanarrative commentary; and her progressive use of metalepsis: from her inclusion of simple scene changes in her earlier work, to her emphatic use of explicit diegetic interruptions in her later work that mirror those utilised by Henry Fielding. The thesis follows a chronological structure and is historically and bibliographically informed. This approach enables the thesis to provide extended comparison of Haywood s narrative choices with those of her main forebears and contemporaries, especially Aphra Behn, Delarivier Manley, Samuel Richardson, Tobias Smollett, and Henry Fielding.

This study is an inquiry into the relationship between the contemporary American writer's understanding of American reality and his attempt to convey this reality by the use of an insane first-person point of view character. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the insane narrator's point of view not only recreates the feeling of absurdity through the disjointed point of view of the madman, but also points to the absurdity in contemporary American life. The first part of this study analyzes the narrators in Henderson the Rain King, The Bell Jar, and Lancelot. The second part uses A Fan's Notes, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Breakfast of Champions to discuss the problems that arise from the use of an insane narrator.

L’objet de cette analyse est de dépeindre un siècle de littérature fantastique à travers le statut du narrateur qui implique d’envisager aussi le statut de son alter-ego, le narrataire. L’idée principale repose sur la théorie d’une évolution depuis les narrateurs d’E. A. Poe jusqu’à ceux de Richard Matheson, via les auteurs français et anglo-saxons tels Charles Nodier, Jules Verne, Guy de Maupassant, Robert Louis Stevenson, Bram Stoker, Hoxard Phillips Lovecraft.L’histoire de la littérature fantastique peut se subdiviser en trois périodes principales qui ont permis au fantastique de naître (par la critique des genres), de triompher (par la critique de la narration elle-même), et de survivre (par la critique du langage). La littérature fantastique suit l’évolution générale de la littérature, mais le narrateur se présente comme un cas à examiner dans ses interactions avec les événements surnaturels qu’il raconte,avec son propre récit, avec son propre personnage, avec son éthos. Ce narrateur “indigne de confiance” est, même pour la narratologie, un mythe. / The purpose of this analysis is to depict one century of “littérature fantastique” through thestatus of the narrator which implicates also the status of its alter ego, the narratee. The mainidea rests on the theory of an evolution from Edgar Allan Poe’s narrators to Richard Matheson’svia French and Anglo-Saxon authors like Charles Nodier, Jules Verne, Guy de Maupassant, RobertLouis Stevenson, Bram Stoker, Henry James, Howard Phillips Lovecraft.The history of “littérature fantastique” is divided into three important periods, each of thempermitting it successively to be born (by generic criticism), to triumph (by the criticism of narrationitself) and to survive (by the criticism of language).“Littérature fantastique” follows the generalevolution of literature, but its narrator is a realcase to examine in its interactions withsupernatural events he tells, with the narrativeitself, with its proper character and with its“éthos”. This unreliable narrator is, fornarratology, like a myth.

This work focuses on finding instruments which confer a lyrical character to the novel La última niebla of the Chilean writer María Luisa Bombal. The study is based on Emil Staiger's observations about basics concepts of poetic. Specifically, the work treats his concept of lyricism. B asically, the Swiss literary theorist underscored the role of the author, which must necesarilly cancel a distance between himself and his creation in order to achieve lyrical tone. All in all, this and other informations about the lyrical prose of the 20th century prove that lyricism depends especially on the representation of the entity of narrator. María Luisa Bombal as a cosmopolitan writer managed with her production to introduce new style of writing in backward Chilean literary scene. Obvisouly, the p resence of innovative elements such as a utilization of dream poetic or natural symbology takes part in final lyrical tone of the novel La última niebla, however, the most essential renovations within her production are the specific concept of narrator and narrative perspective.

6 The result of my thesis is the finding that narrative analysis is an approach that allows understanding biblical text in a bigger scope. The better comprehension is particularly given by understanding of the deep narrative structures. This works also for the exegesis where the narrative-analytical frame serves as a sieve that separates statements burdened by theology. However these statements can be seen as the door through which we can enter the story and determine its fundamental message. On the other hand, narrative approach cannot be considered as an all-embracing approach for understanding the Old Testament text, because it does not help us neither to discover what exactly led the author to create the Absalom's cycle, nor to define what demands he places on the readers.

A presente dissertação apresenta uma primeira tradução em língua portuguesa (variante brasileira) para o conto \"O forno\" (1969), do escritor soviético Evguéni Kharitónov, seguida de um glossário. A proposta do trabalho é realizar uma análise literária desse texto, centrada na figura do narrador-protagonista e suas peculiaridades. O desenvolvimento dessa análise dar-se-á em três partes: considerações a respeito do narrador em primeira pessoa e a caracterização de seu discurso como sendo um \"discurso amoroso\"; a construção das demais personagens do conto e suas relações com o narrador-protagonista; as relações que esse narrador-protagonista estabelece com o tempo e o espaço de sua narrativa; e, por fim, a conclusão. Além da tradução e da análise, esta dissertação apresenta, em apêndice, uma cronologia da vida e obra do escritor, bem como quatro outros textos ficcionais de sua autoria. Há também anexos com imagens referentes ao conto \"O forno\", com o intuito de ilustrar um pouco o contexto em que a história se passa, e algumas fotos do próprio Kharitónov. / The present dissertation presents the first translation in Portuguese (Brazilian variant) of the short story \"The Oven\" (1969), by the soviet writer Yevgeny Kharitonov, followed by a glossary. The works proposition is to carry a literary analysis of the text out, centered on the first person narrator and its peculiarities. The analysis development will happen in three parts: considerations about fisrt-person narrator and the characterization of its discourse as a \"lover\'s discourse\"; the characters construction and their relations with the narrator; the relations the first-person narrator establishes with time and space in the narrative; and lastly, the conclusion. Besides the translation and the analysis, there are, in appendix, a life and work chronology, as well as four additional fiction texts of the author. There are also, in addendum, images related to the short story \"The Oven\", in order to illustrate the contex of the story, in addition to some photos of Kharitonov himself.

La catégorie du roman du qui ? comprend des romans écrits par des romanciers qui ne sont pas strictement contemporains les uns des autres, tels Henry Miller, Paul Auster et Michel Houellebecq. Ces romanciers suggèrent une problématicité de la parole, marquée par des indices référentiels contradictoires et ambigus. Ils compensent l’incertitude de ces indices par la stabilité qu’ils prêtent aux personnages et parce qu’ils se veulent réalistes : ils inscrivent leurs romans nettement dans leur époque et font de leurs personnages les témoins de cette époque. Cette dualité — incertitude du statut de la parole et réalisme — explique qu’au cadre spatial et temporel réaliste soient liés des jeux instables d’énonciation et d’identité. Cela justifie la catégorie de « roman du qui ? » et permet de lire, chez Henry Miller, Paul Auster et Michel Houellebecq, une problématicité, celle de la parole, celle des temps qu’évoquent ces romans. / The category of the novel of the whom? includes novels written by novelists who are not strictly contemporaries of each other, such as Henry Miller, Paul Auster and Michel Houellebecq. These novelists suggest a problematics of speech, marked by contradictory and ambiguous referential indices. They compensate the uncertainty of these indices by the stability they lend to the characters and because they want to be realistic: they write their novels clearly in their time and make their characters witnesses of this time. This duality - uncertainty of the status of the speech and realism - explains that the realistic spatial and temporal framework are linked by unstable games of enunciation and identity. This justifies the category of the “novel of the whom?” and allows Henry Miller, Paul Auster and Michel Houellebecq to read a problematic, that of speech, of the times evoked by these novels.

[pt] A dissertação propõe questões sobre uma conduta determinada de narrador literário - um narrador que relate somente o que se pode ver e ouvir -, apresentando uma produção própria de ficção feita dentro desta forma e tecendo considerações a partir desta produção. Dessa forma, ela se constitui de três contos e ensaios em torno de questões desta produção. Pretende-se assim falar, por conseqüência, da própria criação literária, de seus caminhos e suas bordas, a partir de leituras de textos conhecidos sobre a própria escrita, como os de Edgar Allan Poe, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Italo Calvino, Umberto Eco e Ricardo Piglia. / [en] This dissertation raises questions concerning a certain form of literary narrative - that of a narrator who reports only what can be seen and heard -, presenting the author s own literary work of this form and making considerations about it. The dissertation consists of three short stories and essays raising questions over these fictional texts. The intention is to discuss literary creation itself, its paths and borders, taking as starting point readings of well-known texts on writing itself by Edgar Allan Poe, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Italo Calvino, Umberto Eco and Ricardo Piglia.

Neste trabalho pretendemos realizar uma leitura do Lazarillo de Tormes que além de considerar o discurso do narrador, Lázaro de Tormes, considere também a voz do autor implícito dentro da obra e a forma como essa voz influencia a construção do sentido dela. Reconhecendo a voz desse autor implícito no prólogo da obra e em meio ao discurso do narrador, é possível identificar a sua perspectiva, que nem sempre coincide com a do narrador. O encontro dessas diferentes perspectivas forma contradições no discurso de Lázaro como narrador, e é na conjunção dessas perspectivas que consideramos formar-se o sentido da obra. / The aim of this work is to accomplish a reading of Lazarillo de Tormes considering the discourse of the narrator and also the voice of the author within the story and how it influences the construction of its sense. By recognizing the voice of this implicit author in the prologue of the story among the narrators discourse it is possible to identify the perspective of the author which is not always the same of the narrator. The encounter of these two perspectives forms some contradictions in Lázaros discourse as the narrator and it is through this conjunction that we consider to be forming the sense of the novel.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a realização de uma análise comparativa entre as vozes que narram os romances A geração da utopia e Predadores, do escritor angolano Pepetela, a partir, principalmente, do mapeamento das consonâncias e dissonâncias entre as vozes, possibilitadas pelas condições históricas e ideológicas presentes em suas composições. / The aim of the present research is to provide a comparative analysis between the narrative voices of the novels A geração da utopia and Predadores, written by the Angolan writer Pepetela. The comparison is mainly based on the mapping of the consonances and dissonances among these voices, allowed by historical and ideological conditions existent in his works.