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Cette thèse porte sur les caractéristiques du théâtre du monde telles qu’elles se manifestent dans différentes œuvres dramatiques contemporaines francophones. Il s’agit d’envisager sept pièces de ce répertoire comme autant d’images du monde, dans la mesure où elles convoquent les emblèmes de la vie terrestre : humaine, animale, végétale, et problématisent leurs interactions dans un espace-temps universel. Dans une partie introductive, on rassemble et commente les principales contributions universitaires à la réflexion sur la notion historique de théâtre du monde. Dans la partie principale, on observe les prolongements contemporains de la métaphore à travers l’étude des pièces du corpus. Une présentation générale des moteurs et motifs d’écriture des dramaturges introduit chaque analyse de texte, basée sur une grille de lecture calquée sur les catégories constitutives du drame : personnages, espace et temps, actions, didascalies. Le corps de la thèse est ainsi conçu comme l’exploration de sept déclinaisons du théâtre du monde, partant de la représentation la plus abstraite pour aboutir à la plus organique. Une synthèse boucle ce parcours en soulignant que les pièces dépendent de trois modèles de composition, déterminant autant de combinaisons des catégories dramatiques. Cette classification dévoile enfin l’ambition qui génère chaque projet d’écriture. En conclusion, il apparaît que le théâtre du monde dont on s’accorde généralement à penser qu’il est un topos daté évoquant la théâtralité de la vie humaine, est un cadre générique assez fort pour résister à la poétique du drame contemporain, assez vaste pour accueillir les inventions dramaturgiques les plus singulières. / This thesis deals with the characteristics of the theatre of the world metaphor, as they appear in several contemporary french-speaking plays. Seven plays have been selected as images of the world, since they summon various emblematic elements of life on earth: humans, animals and flora, and emphasize their interaction in a universal surroundings. Firstly, the principal academic contributions concerning the historical notion of theatre of the world are gathered and commented. The main part of the research consists of the demonstration of the metaphor's contemporary extensions, through the study of the corpus. The analysis of each play is preceded by a presentation of its author's writing motivations and motives. Then, the play itself is examined carefully with the help of a reading grid which focuses successively on the dramatic categories : characters, space and time, actions, stage directions. Thus, the thesis's body is built as an exploration of seven variations of the theatre of the world, beginning with the most abstract one and leading to the most organic one. A synthesis ends this journey, pointing out that the plays match three composition patterns, which induces many combinations of the dramatic categories. This classification unveils the ambition at the origin of each writing project. In conclusion, it appears that the theatre of the world, generally considered as an old topos which refers to the theatrality of human life, is a framework strong enough to stand up to the poetics of comtemporary drama, and vast enough to house the most singular dramaturgic inventions.

A hipótese apresentada em nossa pesquisa de doutorado é a de que as chamadas óperas joco-sérias do luso-brasileiro Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) reproduziriam o theatrum mundi o teatro do mundo , topos recorrente no pensamento e na produção cultural do século XVII. Nesse sentido, desenvolveremos a análise e a interpretação das peças cunho mitológico do autor, a saber, Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736), As variedades de Proteu (1737) e Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Nelas, a teatralidade barroca manifesta-se não apenas no uso inflacionado das maquinarias e demais recursos cênicos, mas, sobretudo e especialmente, no fingimento (ou simulação), e na mutabilidade das personagens, de modo que tal noção inscrever-se-ia na própria ação dramática, servindo como motor das intrigas. Em nossa argumentação, recorreremos não só ao procedimento analítico e interpretativo do corpus principal da investigação, mas à busca do diálogo com a perspectiva de pensadores, retóricos e dramaturgos especialmente do Seiscentos que atualizaram, explícita ou implicitamente, a ideia da teatralização da existência mundana. A escolha das óperas joco-sérias que resgatam a mitologia greco-latina justifica-se pela maior possibilidade de cotejamento de tais peças com outras fontes/paradigmas intertextuais, com o fito de investigarmos que elementos foram emulados por Antônio José da Silva no que se refere aos fingimentos e ao uso de artifícios levados a efeito pelas personagens. / The hypothesis presented in our doctoral research is that the so-called joco-serious operas of Luso-Brazilian Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) would reproduce theatrum mundi - the theater of the world -, recurrent topos in thinking and cultural production of the seventeenth century. In this sense, we will develop the analysis and interpretation of the mythological pieces of the author, namely Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736) and Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Baroque theatricality manifests itself not only in the inflated use of machinery and other scenic resources, but especially in the pretense (or simulation), and in the mutability of the characters, so that this notion would be part of own dramatic action, serving as the engine of intrigue. In our argument, we will resort not only to the analytical and interpretative procedure of the main body of research, but to the search for dialogue with the perspective of thinkers, rhetoricians and playwrights - especially the XVII century - who have explicitly or implicitly updated the idea of the theatralization of existence. The choice of the joco-serious operas that rescue the Greco-Latin mythology is justified by the greater possibility of comparing such pieces with other intertextual sources / paradigms, with the purpose of investigating which elements were emulated by Antônio José da Silva in what refers the pretenses and the use of artifacts carried out by the characters.

A hipótese apresentada em nossa pesquisa de doutorado é a de que as chamadas óperas joco-sérias do luso-brasileiro Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) reproduziriam o theatrum mundi o teatro do mundo , topos recorrente no pensamento e na produção cultural do século XVII. Nesse sentido, desenvolveremos a análise e a interpretação das peças cunho mitológico do autor, a saber, Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736), As variedades de Proteu (1737) e Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Nelas, a teatralidade barroca manifesta-se não apenas no uso inflacionado das maquinarias e demais recursos cênicos, mas, sobretudo e especialmente, no fingimento (ou simulação), e na mutabilidade das personagens, de modo que tal noção inscrever-se-ia na própria ação dramática, servindo como motor das intrigas. Em nossa argumentação, recorreremos não só ao procedimento analítico e interpretativo do corpus principal da investigação, mas à busca do diálogo com a perspectiva de pensadores, retóricos e dramaturgos especialmente do Seiscentos que atualizaram, explícita ou implicitamente, a ideia da teatralização da existência mundana. A escolha das óperas joco-sérias que resgatam a mitologia greco-latina justifica-se pela maior possibilidade de cotejamento de tais peças com outras fontes/paradigmas intertextuais, com o fito de investigarmos que elementos foram emulados por Antônio José da Silva no que se refere aos fingimentos e ao uso de artifícios levados a efeito pelas personagens. / The hypothesis presented in our doctoral research is that the so-called joco-serious operas of Luso-Brazilian Antônio José da Silva (1705-1739) would reproduce theatrum mundi - the theater of the world -, recurrent topos in thinking and cultural production of the seventeenth century. In this sense, we will develop the analysis and interpretation of the mythological pieces of the author, namely Os encantos de Medeia (1735), Anfitrião ou Júpiter e Alcmena (1736), Labirinto de Creta (1736) and Precipício de Faetonte (1738). Baroque theatricality manifests itself not only in the inflated use of machinery and other scenic resources, but especially in the pretense (or simulation), and in the mutability of the characters, so that this notion would be part of own dramatic action, serving as the engine of intrigue. In our argument, we will resort not only to the analytical and interpretative procedure of the main body of research, but to the search for dialogue with the perspective of thinkers, rhetoricians and playwrights - especially the XVII century - who have explicitly or implicitly updated the idea of the theatralization of existence. The choice of the joco-serious operas that rescue the Greco-Latin mythology is justified by the greater possibility of comparing such pieces with other intertextual sources / paradigms, with the purpose of investigating which elements were emulated by Antônio José da Silva in what refers the pretenses and the use of artifacts carried out by the characters.

Figure patricienne incontournable du panorama de la création théâtrale, digne successeur d’Eugene O’Neill, de Tennessee Williams et d’Arthur Miller, Edward Albee (1928-2016) a insufflé une nouvelle vitalité au théâtre américain. Son œuvre iconoclaste, reçue avec ricanements, consternation ou enthousiasme, rejette l’existence d’une coupure entre la réalité, ses apparences, et l’imaginaire. Meneur de jeu imaginatif et provocateur, Albee cherche à produire un théâtre “réaliste” en abordant le problème des rapports entre apparences et réalité dans le théâtre du monde (Theatrum Mundi), sur le plan social (rôle et dimension humaine), logique (sens et non sens) et psychologique (raison et folie), ainsi que sur le plan de la représentation théâtrale (personnage et acteur). Cette étude explore, sous l’angle de la métaphore du jeu, les dernières pièces du dramaturge, riches en questionnements philosophiques, qui présentent le parcours initiatique du Sujet entre représentation et expérience, imaginaire et réalité. Du jeu au “je”, le personnage protéen, dans les coulisses du théâtre de l’intime, prépare son audition sur la scène du théâtre du monde. Empreinte de mystère, de poésie, de sagesse, de cocasserie ou de pathétique, l’aire de jeu inédite du dramaturge, où se prépare une expérience de vérité, déploie une vision humaniste optimiste qui ouvre in fine sur l’expérience esthétique de la catharsis. / A patrician key figure of the theatrical landscape, the worthy heir of Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, Edward Albee (1928-2017) has breathed new life into the American theatre. His iconoclastic body of work, which was met with sneering, dismay or enthusiasm, disproves the split between the real, its appearances and imagination. An imaginative, provocative playmaker, Albee aims at producing a “realistic” drama by tackling the problem of the links between appearances and reality in the Theatrum Mundi on various levels : social (role and human dimension), logical (meaning and absurdity), psychological (reason and madness), as well as on the level of performance (character and actor). Through the game metaphor, this study focuses on the playwright’s last plays, which are rife with philosophical interrogations and stage the Subject’s initiatory journey between representation and experience, imagination and reality. As a player, Albee’s protean character prepares backstage to audition for his role on the stage of the Theatrum Mundi. Imbued with mystery, poetry, wisdom, comicality and pathos, the playwright’s original playground, where an experience of truth is under way, brings forth an optimistic, humanistic vision that opens onto the aesthetic experience of catharsis.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die Rekonstruktion der sozialen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen, unter denen dramatische Stücke zwischen Shakespeares Tod im Jahre 1616 und der Schließung der Theater im Jahre 1642 produziert wurden. Mithilfe einer Vielfalt zeitgenössischer Quellen erfolgt eine Rekonstruktion des historischen Kontextes aus zeitgenössischer Sicht. Die Arbeit analysiert wer die Menschen waren, für die Shakespeares Nachfolger ihre Stücke für die öffentlichen und privaten Bühnen Londons schrieben. Des Weiteren stellt die Arbeit dar, wie der Gang ins Theater in einer bisher von der Forschung nur wenig beachteten Epoche aussah und zeigt auf, wer genau in diesen Jahren ins Theater ging und wie diese Zuschauer und ihre Erwartungen an die Bühne durch eine Vielzahl externer und stetig wechselnder kultureller, politischer und sozialer Faktoren (z.B. Bärenhatzen, Prostitution, Hinrichtungen etc.) beeinflusst wurden. Zudem liegt ein weiteres Hauptaugenmerk der Arbeit darauf, wie die drei Autoren John Ford, Richard Brome und James Shirley in den Prologen und Epilogen zu ihren Stücken die Gegenwart der Zuschauer thematisiert und die Entwicklung des frühneuzeitlichen Theaters metadramatisch und selbstreflexiv angesprochen haben.

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