Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Whilst there are numerous studies on young people’s engagement in academic study, the internal relationship between young people and academic study is still unclear. This thesis seeks to explain the relation of young people to their academic study, in the context of Brunei Darussalam, through analysing young people’s motive hierarchy. The research is based on the understanding that young people are faced with multiple contradicting demands from the society, which evolve with their developmental age. The contradicting demands generate conflicts for young people as they participate across the different institutional practices in their everyday lives. The research entailed a semi-participatory research approach, which emphasised young people’s lived experiences, from a first-person perspective. Eight (8) young people aged 16-18 years who are studying for their GCE A Level examinations, played roles as both trained Student Researchers, as well as participants in this research. Data were collected from focus group discussions, annotated photo albums (MyAlbum) and a ‘participant self-generated’ questionnaire (MyQuestionnaire). The focus of the data collection was on the young people’s experiences of conflicts with respect to their academic study and the different agendas in their everyday lives. Intermediary tools were developed to focus the data analysis to identify motive-orientations and their relative importance in the construct of the motive hierarchy of a young person. An initial general model of motive hierarchy was developed from this study too. It is a societal demand for young people in late adolescence to be vocational and career oriented. However this study shows the eight (8) young people are also oriented towards other objects, apart from being future oriented. They can still have a dominant motive-orientation towards intimate personal relations, which usually prevails for early adolescence. Two other motive-orientations have also emerged from this study, i.e. the societal value system and self-comfort related. These different motive-orientations of the young people contradict the societal demands and create conflicts for the young people as they participate in and across the practices. These findings are important in informing intervention programmes to improve young people’s engagement in academic study.

Les molécules d’intérêt biologique ont pour caractéristique principale de participer aux processus biologiques, que ce soit au sein d’un organisme du monde du vivant, ou bien dans l’espace (exobiologie). Dans ces deux cas, l’eau joue un rôle prépondérant sur les propriétés des systèmes considérés. Les simulations numériques constituant désormais un élément incontournable pour l’interprétation des expériences, l’objectif de cette thèse sera de tenter de reproduire par des méthodes de chimie quantique les spectres IR expérimentaux relatifs à deux systèmes hydratés : les aérosols de nitrate, présents dans l’atmosphère, ainsi que les bases d’acides nucléiques microhydratées. Ce travail présente une même démarche afin d’obtenir la meilleure adéquation possible entre théorie et expérience. Tout d’abord, le modèle géométrique permettant de représenter au mieux nos systèmes a été recherché à partir de l’utilisation du code GSAM développé au laboratoire. Puis, nous nous sommes attachés à déterminer la méthode théorique la plus adaptée à l’étude de chacun des systèmes. Pour ce faire, différentes méthodes de calcul de structure électronique (dont B3LYP et ses analogues prenant en compte les interactions à moyenne et longue portée B3LYP-D et CAMB3LYP), de traitement vibrationnel (VPT2, VCI-P ou bien DM) ont été testées. L’évolution expérimentale observée pour les nombres d’onde associés aux cinq modes de vibration de l’ion nitrate en fonction du nombre de molécules d’eau au sein de l’aérosol est ainsi reproductible en utilisant un modèle d’agrégats d’agrégats du type (NaNO3,nH2O)3 au niveau calculatoire B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) à 15cm-1 près. En ce qui concerne les bases d’acides nucléiques (X=C, T, U, A et G) microhydratées, la meilleure représentation d’un environnement aqueux est constitué d’un modèle explicite du type X,nH2O avec n=1 à 5 -déterminé à partir de l’application du code GSAM-, associé à un modèle implicite tel que PCM. La comparaison des nombres d’onde dans la zone de signature vibrationnelle 1000-1800cm-1 pour chaque base et à deux niveaux calculatoires différents B3LYP et B3LYP-D a conduit globalement à favoriser la première. En revanche, les méthodes de traitement vibrationnel dépendantes et indépendantes du temps donnent des résultats voisins dans cette zone, avec un coût calculatoire moins important pour la méthode VPT2. / Molecules with biological interest participate to biological processes in living organisms or in space (exobiology). Water plays a predominant part on properties of considered systems.Since computations take an important part in interpretation of experiments, the aim of this phD will be to try to reproduct IR experimental spectra with methods of quantum chemistry for two different hydrated systems : nitrate aerosols and microhydrated nucleic acid bases. This work presents a same approach to obtain the best agreement between experience and theory. First, the geometrical model for representation of hydration was investigated with the GSAM code developed at the laboratory. Then, the most adapted theoretical method was determined for studies of each system. Different methods of determination of electronic structure, especially B3LYP and their analogs considering medium and long range interactions B3LYP-D and CAMB3LYP, and vibrational treatments (VPT2, VCI-P and MD) were tested. The experimental evolution observed for wavenumbers associated to the five vibrational modes of the nitrate ion depending on the number of water molecules within the aerosol is reproducible using a model of aggregates of molecular clusters labeled (NaNO3,nH2O)3 at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory : the average discrepancy between theory and experience reaches 15cm-1. Concerning microhydrated nucleic acid bases (X=C, T, U, A et G), the best representation of aqueous environment is made of an explicit model labeled X,nH2O with n=1 to 5 -determined from the application of the GSAM code-, with an implicit one like the PCM model. The comparison of wavenumbers calculated at the B3LYP and B3LYP-D levels of theory in the 1000-1800cm-1 spectral region which represents the vibrational signature for each base favoured the first method. But time-dependent and time-independent methods of vibrational treatment provide comparable results in this region, with a computational cost less important for the VPT2 approach.

Die Qualität der Schnittstelle eines Videospiels kann wesentlich zu dessen kommerziellen Erfolg beitragen. Dennoch beschränkt sich die entsprechende Evaluation primär auf die Auswertung qualitativer Daten, die etwa in Nutzertests erhoben werden. Inferenzstatistische Verfahren kommen bisher mangels theoretischer Grundlagen kaum zum Einsatz. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt daher ein theoretisches Framework zur quantitativen Analyse verschiedener Dimensionen der Schnittstellengestaltung in Videospielen zur Verfügung. Dabei wird ausgehend von spielwissenschaftlichen Überlegungen und einer Erweiterung von Huizingas Konzept des „magic circle“ ein Bogen von perzeptiven, psychologischen und soziologischen bis hin zu kulturellen Aspekten gespannt. Methodisch handhabbar wird dieses Konstrukt durch eine Ausrichtung am Genre-Begriff, der für den Bereich der Videospiele diskutiert wird. So entsteht ein ganzheitliches Modell, das den Grundstein zu einem zielgruppenspezifischen und quantitativen Messinstrument für Interfaces in Videospielen legt. / The quality of a videogame’s interface is a decisive factor to its commercial success. However, the current evaluation methods focus primarily on qualitative research data like those generated in usability tests. Methods of inferential statistics are not common yet because of a lack of theoretical fundamentals. To address this issue, this paper provides a theoretical framework for quantitative analysis on different dimensions of interface design in videogames. Aspects of perception, psychology, sociology as well as culture are dealt with in this context and the associated scientific concepts are conflated by a theoretical extension of Huizinga’s “magic circle”. The technical term “genre” in regard to videogames is also discussed in this paper and it proves to be a basis for connecting the various concepts methodically. As a result, this paper presents a holistic model, which can be applied in future audience-specific and quantitative measuring instruments for interfaces in videogames.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

A qualitative approach was taken to explore Canadian Congolese refugees’ experience of war trauma recovery. Six volunteers (three men and three women), who self-identified as traumatized by their experience of war in Congo and had lived in Canada for less than ten years, participated in in-depth interviews. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach to analysis, a core construct of Surviving War was identified. A hierarchical model of surviving war was developed that subsumed all other categories. By extrapolating principles from this model, a theory of Surviving War was developed which identifies factors that contribute to surviving war. Limitations of the current research are presented along with suggestions for further research. Recommendations for professionals working with a refugee population are also presented.

A qualitative approach was taken to explore Canadian Congolese refugees’ experience of war trauma recovery. Six volunteers (three men and three women), who self-identified as traumatized by their experience of war in Congo and had lived in Canada for less than ten years, participated in in-depth interviews. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach to analysis, a core construct of Surviving War was identified. A hierarchical model of surviving war was developed that subsumed all other categories. By extrapolating principles from this model, a theory of Surviving War was developed which identifies factors that contribute to surviving war. Limitations of the current research are presented along with suggestions for further research. Recommendations for professionals working with a refugee population are also presented.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T19:58:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO A. ROBALINHO.pdf: 1434074 bytes, checksum: 605367616252bca17032d84fdf6bbf27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T19:58:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO A. ROBALINHO.pdf: 1434074 bytes, checksum: 605367616252bca17032d84fdf6bbf27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-11-29T11:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO A. ROBALINHO.pdf: 1434074 bytes, checksum: 605367616252bca17032d84fdf6bbf27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-12 / The current work concerns the performance of municipal health systems, focusing on maternal/child healthcare. With the aim of identifying possible weaknesses in health systems, specifically those in which Primary Attention (PA) is the main or exclusive strategy of municipal administration activity, the theoretic model of health indicators named ADS, was created. Applied in cities with populations between 14,000 and 35,000 inhabitants, where the health system is exclusively based on PA policy, this model was constructed using the consensus technique, with the formation of a group of 12 specialists in the area of collective health to define and validate the criteria for analysis of the systems. Tested in the town of Itai, located in the Meridian hinterland, 282 kilometers from the capital of Pernambuco, the ADS indicated below average environmental and socio-economic factors, besides vulnerabilities in maternal/child healthcare which negatively influenced the condition of health in the municipality. The evaluation further verified unsatisfactory performance in terms of child and pre-natal accompaniment through medical appointments (effectiveness); child assistance (continuity); appointment realization for children and pre-natal immunization for mothers (access to Primary Attention services); productivity of the actions performed by health professionals (efficiency) and capacity to investigate infant mortality, quality of registers and pre-natal control of syphilis (health vigilance). A low level of investment in healthcare was also observed, combined with inadequate human resources and material to provide services. At the end of the research, it was possible to identify the viability of the models application in planning / O presente trabalho aborda o desempenho dos sistemas municipais de saúde, tendo como foco a saúde materno-infantil. Com o objetivo de apontar as possíveis fragilidades dos sistemas de saúde, especificamente daqueles em que a Atenção Primária (AP) é a principal ou exclusiva estratégia de atuação da gestão municipal, foi criado um modelo teórico de avaliação dos indicadores de saúde, denominado de ADS. Aplicado às cidades com população entre 14 mil e 35 mil habitantes, onde o sistema de saúde se baseia exclusivamente na política de AP, esse modelo foi construído por meio da técnica de consenso, com a formação de um grupo de 12 especialistas na área de saúde coletiva para definição e validação de critérios para análise dos sistemas. Testado na cidade de Iati, localizada no Agreste Meridional e distante 282 quilômetros da capital pernambucana, o ADS apontou fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos abaixo da média, além de vulnerabilidades da assistência materno-infantil que influenciam negativamente a situação de saúde do município. A avaliação verificou ainda desempenho insatisfatório no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento das crianças e gestantes por meio de consultas médicas (efetividade); assistência à criança (continuidade); cobertura de consultas em crianças e imunização de gestantes (acesso aos serviços da Atenção Primária); produtividade das ações realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde (eficiência) e capacidade de investigação dos óbitos infantis, qualidade dos registros e controle da sífilis em gestantes (vigilância à saúde). Também foi observada baixa alocação de investimentos em saúde em combinação com a carência de recursos humanos e materiais para prestar os serviços. Ao final da pesquisa, foi possível constatar a viabilidade de aplicação do modelo para planejamento das auditorias, avaliando o desempenho dos indicadores de saúde no âmbito municipal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloECC.pdf: 1930969 bytes, checksum: a18acd846ec916fc7e0ef038e923a6b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The knowledge management has received major attention from product designers because many of the activities within this process have to be creative and, therefore, they depend basically on the knowledge of the people who are involved in the process. Moreover, Product Development Process (PDP) is one of the activities in which knowledge management manifests in the most critical form once it had the intense application of the knowledge. As a consequence, this thesis analyzes the knowledge management aiming to improve the PDP and it also proposes a theoretical model of knowledge management. This model uses five steps (creation, maintenance, dissemination, utilization and discard) through the verification of the occurrence of four types of knowledge conversion (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) that it will improve the knowledge management in this process. The intellectual capital in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) managed efficiently and with the participation of all employees has become the mechanism of the creation and transference processes of knowledge, supporting and, consequently, improving the PDP. The expected results are an effective and efficient application of the proposed model for the creation of the knowledge base within an organization (organizational memory) aiming a better performance of the PDP. In this way, it was carried out an extensive analysis of the knowledge management (instrument of qualitative and subjective evaluation) within the Design department of a Brazilian company (SEBRAE/RN). This analysis aimed to know the state-of-the-art of the Design department regarding the use of knowledge management. This step was important in order to evaluate in the level of the evolution of the department related to the practical use of knowledge management before implementing the proposed theoretical model and its methodology. At the end of this work, based on the results of the diagnosis, a knowledge management system is suggested to facilitate the knowledge sharing within the organization, in order words, the Design department / A gest?o do conhecimento tem recebido grande aten??o dos profissionais que atuam no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP), pois muitas das atividades deste processo t?m um car?ter criativo e, portanto, dependem fundamentalmente do conhecimento das pessoas que o realizam. Al?m disso, o PDP ? um dos processos onde a necessidade da gest?o do conhecimento se manifesta de forma mais cr?tica devido a intensa aplica??o do conhecimento. Assim, esta disserta??o analisa a gest?o do conhecimento com o objetivo da melhoria do PDP e prop?e um modelo te?rico de gest?o do conhecimento. Este modelo utiliza-se de cinco passos (cria??o, manuten??o, dissemina??o, utiliza??o e exclus?o) atrav?s da verifica??o da ocorr?ncia de quatro tipos de convers?es do conhecimento (socializa??o, externaliza??o, combina??o e internaliza??o) que poder? potencializar a gest?o do conhecimento nesse processo. O capital intelectual nas pequenas e m?dias empresas gerenciado eficientemente e com a participa??o de todos que a comp?e vem se tornando o mecanismo fomentador dos processos de cria??o e transfer?ncia de conhecimento, auxiliando e, conseq?entemente, melhorando o PDP. Os resultados esperados s?o uma efetiva e eficaz aplica??o do modelo proposto para a cria??o da base de conhecimento numa organiza??o (mem?ria organizacional) atingindo, assim, um desempenho no PDP superior ao diagnosticado anteriormente. Desse modo, foi realizado um diagn?stico de gest?o do conhecimento (instrumento de avalia??o qualitativa e subjetiva) no setor de Design do SEBRAE/RN na tentativa de saber o estado da arte do setor com rela??o ? gest?o do conhecimento. Esta etapa ? imprescind?vel para avaliar em que n?vel o setor se encontra com rela??o ?s pr?ticas de gest?o do conhecimento antes de implementar o modelo e sua metodologia. Ao final do trabalho, mediante os resultados do diagn?stico, sugere-se uma ferramenta de gest?o do conhecimento para facilitar o compartilhamento do conhecimento dentro da organiza??o, no caso, do setor

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