This thesis is concerned with the formulation of a suitable notion of monotonicity of discrete and continuous-time dynamical systems on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces. In a linear space, monotonicity refers to the property of a system that preserves an ordering of the elements of the space. Monotone systems have been studied in detail and are of great interest for their numerous applications, as well as their close connections to many physical and biological systems. In a linear space, a powerful local characterisation of monotonicity is provided by differential positivity with respect to a constant cone field, which combines positivity theory with a local analysis of nonlinear systems. Since many dynamical systems are naturally defined on nonlinear spaces, it is important to seek a suitable adaptation of monotonicity on such spaces. However, the question of how one can develop a suitable notion of monotonicity on a nonlinear manifold is complicated by the general absence of a clear and well-defined notion of order on such a space. Fortunately, for Lie groups and important examples of homogeneous spaces that are ubiquitous in many problems of engineering and applied mathematics, symmetry provides a way forward. Specifically, the existence of a notion of geometric invariance on such spaces allows for the generation of invariant cone fields, which in turn induce notions of conal orders. We propose differential positivity with respect to invariant cone fields as a natural and powerful generalisation of monotonicity to nonlinear spaces and develop the theory in this thesis. We illustrate the ideas with numerous examples and apply the theory to a number of areas, including the theory of consensus on Lie groups and order theory on the set of positive definite matrices.

The existing environmental threats and the ever increasing global dependence on electric power highlight the importance of producing power in a sustainable manner. In accordance, it is vital to attract investments in electricity generation projects based on renewable energy sources, also called renewable energy projects (REP). This poses a challenge, as REP tend to be less financially competitive than their fossil fuel based counterparts. Moreover, the power grid has to be upgraded to integrate large amounts of RESs in an efficient and economic manner. An appealing alternative to enhance the financial appealing of REP is to improve the techniques used for their assessment. These tools produce robust and economically sound assessments, but tend to undervalue REP and other projects under uncertainty, as they neglect the flexibility of the projects to be adjusted in response to uncertainty. This can be corrected by extending the tools with the aid of real options (RO) theory. RO theory can be used to extend assessment techniques to value flexibility derived from the projects, their management, and even their environment, which can be used to enhance the financial value of REP in the changing power sector. In addition, the scope of RO theory is increasing to address flexibility in the design of the projects. Therefore, the theory can drive investments in REP and motivate the design of more profitable projects. This research project seeks to analyse the potential of RO theory to increase the financial worth of different types of REP in the current and changing power sector. The novelties of this research are that it expands RO theory by addressing the flexibility within the design of the projects, the potential of RO theory to manage uncertainties that are exclusive to the projects or typical in the power sector, and other relevant areas of research interest. The research produced several RO methodologies to model the planning, operation, and design of hydropower projects, wind power projects, and solar photovoltaic projects in existing power sector environments and environments characterised by high penetration of RESs and consumers with demand response capabilities. The results demonstrate the applicability of RO theory to enhance the financial value of different types of REP under a wide range of circumstances.

Esta dissertação apresenta técnicas de ajuste de estabilizadores de sistemas de potência (PSS) com um enfoque nos desafios encontrados por um engenheiro durante o comissionamento do sistema de excitação estático de uma unidade geradora de médio porte. Os métodos de ajuste tratados neste trabalho são principalmente os aplicáveis aos estabilizadores do tipo PSS2B. É dada prioridade às situações nas quais o engenheiro não dispõe de dados detalhados do modelo do gerador e do sistema de potência. Simulações computacionais nos domínios do tempo e da frequência são empregadas com objetivos didáticos ao longo do texto. A estrutura do PSS2B é detalhada, explicitando-se a função de cada parâmetro. São apresentados diferentes métodos de estabilizadores, dentre eles ressaltam-se: os métodos de comparação de grandezas no domínio do tempo e o método de compensação de fase. São mostrados resultados práticos obtidos durante comissionamentos em duas usinas hidrelétricas distintas. Comparam-se os diferentes métodos com o auxílio destes resultados práticos e de simulações computacionais / This work presents techniques for tuning power system stabilizers (PSS) with focus on the challenges faced by an engineer during the commissioning of a static excitation system of a medium sized hydro generator. The tuning methods discussed in this study are primarily those applicable to the PSS2B stabilizers. Priority is given to circumstances in which the engineer does not have a detailed model of the generator and power system. Computer simulations in the time and frequency domains are presented with didactic purposes throughout the text. The structure of PSS2B is detailed, the function of each parameter is explained. Among the different methods for tuning the PSS2B, two approaches stand out: the methods based on the comparison of magnitudes in the time domain and the method of phase compensation. The practical results obtained during commissioning of two hydroelectric power plants are presented. The different PSS tuning methods are compared with the aid of these practical results and computer simulations.

Esta dissertação apresenta técnicas de ajuste de estabilizadores de sistemas de potência (PSS) com um enfoque nos desafios encontrados por um engenheiro durante o comissionamento do sistema de excitação estático de uma unidade geradora de médio porte. Os métodos de ajuste tratados neste trabalho são principalmente os aplicáveis aos estabilizadores do tipo PSS2B. É dada prioridade às situações nas quais o engenheiro não dispõe de dados detalhados do modelo do gerador e do sistema de potência. Simulações computacionais nos domínios do tempo e da frequência são empregadas com objetivos didáticos ao longo do texto. A estrutura do PSS2B é detalhada, explicitando-se a função de cada parâmetro. São apresentados diferentes métodos de estabilizadores, dentre eles ressaltam-se: os métodos de comparação de grandezas no domínio do tempo e o método de compensação de fase. São mostrados resultados práticos obtidos durante comissionamentos em duas usinas hidrelétricas distintas. Comparam-se os diferentes métodos com o auxílio destes resultados práticos e de simulações computacionais / This work presents techniques for tuning power system stabilizers (PSS) with focus on the challenges faced by an engineer during the commissioning of a static excitation system of a medium sized hydro generator. The tuning methods discussed in this study are primarily those applicable to the PSS2B stabilizers. Priority is given to circumstances in which the engineer does not have a detailed model of the generator and power system. Computer simulations in the time and frequency domains are presented with didactic purposes throughout the text. The structure of PSS2B is detailed, the function of each parameter is explained. Among the different methods for tuning the PSS2B, two approaches stand out: the methods based on the comparison of magnitudes in the time domain and the method of phase compensation. The practical results obtained during commissioning of two hydroelectric power plants are presented. The different PSS tuning methods are compared with the aid of these practical results and computer simulations.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study has the objective to present some key elements of systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. Systems theory has widely circulated in the past half century, with contributions from biology, cybernetics and mathematics. Luhmann rejects the old tradition based on ontological concepts, the notion of system as a whole composed of parts, the search for the essence of the elements. In exchange initially proposes a systems theory that is guided by the distinction between system and environment. In its mature phase designs functionally differentiated social systems, autopoietic, self-reference and endowed with meaning. The first chapter will be devoted to the presentation of the evolution of systems theory, elements that are common to any social system and to question the place of the subject in theory luhmannian. The second chapter is devoted to communication, synthesis of information, the act of communicating and the act of understanding. Communication is the basic operation of social systems. We'll see how the contact with the psychic and living systems. The third chapter is devoted to the law. This subsystem has the social function of generating expectations of conduct. The self-reference, autopoiesis and select the legal operations of non-legal. The binary code legal / illegal conduct legal communication and indicates the pipes that are nonconforming or conforming to the law. The recursion of operations and the memory of the right, through positive and repeated decisions, reinforce this subsystem normative. Luhmann's work is vast, having numerous references to the tradition of philosophy and sociology, as it appropriates elements of the exact sciences and natural sciences. You can find two phases this author reference in their works. The division occurs in March with the introduction of the concept of autopoiesis, rescued the theory of Maturana and selfreference design and functionality. For all that, the theory developed by Luhmann shows extremely interesting and complex. Keywords: Theory of systems. Self-reference. / O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de apresentar alguns elementos centrais da teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann. A teoria dos sistemas possui grande difusão na metade do século passado, com contribuições da biologia, da cibernética e da matemática. Luhmann rechaça a tradição vétereo-européia baseada nos conceitos ontológicos, na noção de sistema como todo composto de partes, na busca da essência dos elementos. Em troca propõe inicialmente uma teoria dos sistemas que se pauta pela diferenciação entre sistema e entorno. Na sua fase madura concebe os sistemas sociais funcionalmente diferenciados, autopoiéticos, autorreferenciais e dotados de sentido. O primeiro capítulo será dedicado à apresentação da evolução da teoria dos sistemas, dos elementos que são comuns a qualquer sistema social e à pergunta pelo lugar do sujeito na teoria luhmanniana. O segundo capítulo é dedicado à comunicação, síntese da informação, do ato de comunicar e do ato de entender. A comunicação é a operação elementar dos sistemas sociais. Veremos como ocorre o contato com os sistemas psíquicos e vivos. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao direito. Esse subsistema social possui a função de gerar expectativas de conduta. A autorreferência e a autopoiésis selecionam as operações jurídicas das não-jurídicas. O código binário legal/ilegal conduz a comunicação jurídica e indica as condutas que são conformes ou desconformes ao direito. A recursividade das operações e a memória do direito, através da positividade e das reiteradas decisões, reforçam esse subsistema normativo. A obra de Luhmann é vasta, possuindo diversas referências à tradição da filosofia e sociologia, da mesma forma que se apropria de elementos das ciências exatas e biológicas. É possível encontrar nesse autor duas fases de referência em suas obras. O marco de divisão ocorre com a introdução do conceito de autopoiésis, resgatado da teoria de Maturana, e a concepção de autorreferência e funcionalidade. Por tudo isso, a teoria desenvolvida por Luhmann se mostra extremamente interessante e complexa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Rister de Sousa Lima.pdf: 654839 bytes, checksum: c4199c84b6dbf07e0e80e7e18ff9f279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-02 / This study aimed at investigating the role of communication in the construction of Law subsystem as well as the role of judicial decisions, under the perspective of the Systems Theory by Niklas Luhman. This investigation is justified by the fact that this German sociologist has revisited concepts of the traditional sociology theory and proposed a new perspective of description for the complex society. The methodology was based on bibliographic research which was conducted not only in primary sources but also in secondary ones. Taking analytic reasoning as basis, following the Chaim Perelman definition, we started from the premises such as the Systems Theory toward the thesis, which can only be considered valid as long as the reasoning follows the chosen axiom. The results point at the identification of communication as the key and fundamental element in the constitution of the partial systems and the judicial decisions. Therefore, as a core part of the Judicial System it should be issued as basis in the respective binary code, that is licit/illicit. On the other hand, disregarding the binary systems characteristic causes code corruption and its corroboration for the construction of another system / O trabalho em comento investiga o papel da comunicação na formação do subsistema do Direito e qual o papel da decisão judicial, sob inspiração da Teoria Sistêmica da autoria de Niklas Luhmann. A justificativa da pesquisa encontra-se no fato do referido sociólogo alemão ter revisitado conceitos da teoria sociológica tradicional, propondo uma nova perspectiva de descrição à sociedade complexa. Para realização do trabalho utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, tanto as fontes primárias, como as secundárias. Tem-se por base o uso do raciocínio analítico, na linha do explicitado por Chaïm Perelman, parte-se de premissas por exemplo, a teoria sistêmica -, para se chegar à tese, que só será tida como válida à medida em que o pensamento for conduzido sob o axioma escolhido O resultado da pesquisa é a identificação da comunicação como peça fundamental à formação dos sistemas parciais e a decisão judicial, como parte do centro do Sistema Jurídico, deve ser emitida com base no respectivo código binário, qual seja: lícito/ilícito. Em contrapartida, o desrespeito à binaridade sistêmica proporciona corrupção do código e a sua reiteração a formação de outro sistema

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-03T14:13:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Ragnini Scherer_.pdf: 4709462 bytes, checksum: c2712b965209d1f13cca1045e1043cfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T14:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Ragnini Scherer_.pdf: 4709462 bytes, checksum: c2712b965209d1f13cca1045e1043cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Nenhuma / A tese tem como tema a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos. A delimitação centra-se na função do Direito no estágio da reconstrução pós-desastre. O problema proposto consiste em saber: sob quais condições a policontexturalidade dos SE instrumentaliza a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos? O objetivo geral é analisar reflexivamente as possibilidades de observação do Direito em relação à policontexturalidade dos SE e a gestão circular do Direito para a reconstrução resiliente no pós-desastre. A estrutura do trabalho está construída de modo que cada capítulo acompanhe cada objetivo específico, sendo estes: a) examinar como o Direito observa os riscos climáticos para estabelecer os fundamentos da gestão pelo Direito; b) abordar a gestão cíclica dos desastres climáticos e sua assimilação pelo contexto jurídico nacional e; c) analisar reflexivamente a instrumentalidade policontextural dos SE e sua aderência ao estágio da reconstrução, por meio da diferenciação funcional para prevenção das catástrofes climáticas. O método de abordagem é o sistêmico funcional, o de procedimento é o monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa é a bibliográfica. A pesquisa confirma a hipótese no sentido de que na reconstrução resiliente os serviços ecossistêmicos devem ser assimilados pelo Direito a partir de elementos oriundos de múltiplos contextos com o da Ciência, da Política e da Economia. Tal assimilação, por sua vez, deve operar de forma recíproca pelas organizações nos processos de avaliação, monitoramento e estruturação das decisões jurídicas de curto e de longo prazos, considerando que o contexto jurídico nacional inclui a prevenção como força motriz no tratamento dos desastres pela abordagem sistêmica de ações (prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta e recuperação) e pela integratividade de políticas públicas. Assim é possível uma evolução para assimilação da infraestrutura natural oferecida pelos serviços ecossistêmicos com a diferenciação funcional para a prevenção e a precaução no enfrentamento aos desastres climáticos. / The thesis takes the theme of the function of Right in the reconstruction identified by the circular gestion of climatic disasters. Its limits center on the function of Law at the time of reconstruction post-disaster. The proposed problem consists in knowing: under what conditions are Ecosystem Services polycontexturality instrument for circular management of climatic disasters through Right, separated from the reconstruction stage? The general goal is to analyze reflexively the observation possibilities of Law in relation of the polycontexturality of ecosystem services and the circular management of Law for resilient reconstruction after the disaster. The structure of work is built so that every chapter follows his specific goals, which are: a) to examine how Law studies climatic risks to establish the fundamentals of Law management; b) approach the cyclic management of climatic disasters and their assimilation by the national legal context and; c) analyze reflexively the polycontexturality instrumentality of the ES and its adherence to the stage of reconstruction through the functional changes to prevent climatic disasters. The approach method is the systemic functional one, the proceeding is the monographic one and the research is bibliographic. The research confirms the hypothesis in the sense that in a resilient reconstitution, ecosystem services must be assimilated by Law, starting from elements coming from multiple contexts with Science of Politics and Economy. Such assimilation must operate reciprocally by the organizations through processes of evaluation, monitoring and structuring of legal decisions in the long and short terms, considering the national legal context and including prevention as the driving force in the treatment of disasters through systemic actions of approach (prevention, mitigation, preparation, response and recovery) and through the integration of public policies. This way, an evolution is possible to assimilate the natural infraestracture offered by ecossistemic services with function diferences for prevention and the precaution in face of climatic disasters.

Behavioural scientists argue that ‘social learning' provides the link between biological phenomena and cultural phenomena because of its role in the ‘cultural transmission' of knowledge among individuals within and across generations. However, leading authors within the social sciences have proposed alternative ways of thinking about social life not founded on the Modern oppositions including nature-culture, biology-culture, body-mind, and individual-society. Similarly, the distinction between a domain of nature and a domain of nurture has also been extensively criticized within biology. Finally, advocates of ‘radical embodied cognitive science' offer an alternative to the representational-computational view of the mind which supports the conventional notion of culture and cultural information. This thesis attempts to integrate developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking, with the goal to bring the field of social learning closer to these critical theoretical developments. In Chapter 2, I find no justification for the claim that the genome carries information in the sense of specification of biological form. Chapter 3 presents a view of ontogeny as a historical, relational, constructive and contingent process. Chapter 4 uses the notions of environmental information, abilities, affordances, and intentions to make sense of behaviour and learning. In Chapter 5, I argue that the notion of social learning can be understood in terms of relational histories of development rather than in terms of transmission of information. I then report empirical studies investigating behavioural coordination and social learning consistent with this theoretical framework. Chapter 6 presents evidence that dyads in a joint making activity synchronize their attention constrained by their changing situation and that coordination of attention is predictive of implicit and explicit learning. Chapter 7 presents evidence that joint attention does not require gaze following and that attentional coordination is predictive of learning a manual task. Together, these theoretical and empirical studies suggest a new way of thinking about how humans and other animals live and learn socially, one that is consistent with critical theoretical and philosophical developments that are currently neglected in the literature on social learning.

In this article we establish a bridge between dynamical systems, including topological and measurable dynamical systems as well as continuous skew product flows and nonautonomous dynamical systems; and coalgebras in categories having all finite products. We introduce a straightforward unifying definition of abstract dynamical system on finite product categories. Furthermore, we prove that such systems are in a unique correspondence with monadic algebras whose signature functor takes products with the time space. We substantiate that the categories of topological spaces, metrisable and uniformisable spaces have exponential objects w.r.t. locally compact Hausdorff, σ-compact or arbitrary time spaces as exponents, respectively. Exploiting the adjunction between taking products and exponential objects, we demonstrate a one-to-one correspondence between monadic algebras (given by dynamical systems) for the left-adjoint functor and comonadic coalgebras for the other. This, finally, provides a new, alternative perspective on dynamical systems.

Esta tese trata, de forma ampla, da relação ciência e sociedade. Especificamente procura compreender o processo de construção do sistema biotecnológico em face do contexto ao qual está relacionado. A argumentação teórica estrutura-se em torno de questões levantadas pelos estudos sociais da ciência e tecnologia, e tem como marco teórico a teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann, que parte da diferença sistema/entorno para compreender a relação ciência e sociedade. A questão levantada refere-se à estrutura de reprodução da ciência contemporânea e sua relação com o entorno. A hipótese argumenta que a estrutura do sistema biotecnológico sofreu uma mudança, da reprodução baseada na "verdade" à reprodução baseada no "funcionamento". Esta última forma de reprodução emerge em função das perturbações do entorno da ciência, principalmente em função do contexto caracterizado por exigências tecnológicas. Vinculadas a tais exigências estão ainda exigências de aplicação, legalidade, lucratividade, segurança, inovação. A pesquisa utilizou entrevista semi-estruturada com líderes de grupos de pesquisa em biotecnologia em seis estados da federação, e pesquisa documental, como métodos de coleta de dados, e utilizou técnicas qualitativas de análise, especificamente, a análise de conteúdo temática. De maneira mais específica, a investigação localiza-se na periferia do sistema global de ciência e tecnologia, e apresenta como a diferenciação centro/periferia também incide na reprodução do sistema biotecnológico. Para tanto, constrói-se o conceito de regime de produção de conhecimento, um regime de perturbações recíprocas entre sistemas, limitado pelas configurações institucionais dos Estados nacionais. Tal regime, no Brasil, foi caracterizado pelos sistemas do direito, da economia, da política e da ciência, e as perturbações dos três primeiros na biotecnologia é o que se investiga nesta pesquisa. Conclui-se que a pesquisa biotecnológica produz um outro tipo de verdade, a saber, a verdade eficaz. / This thesis deals with the relationship between science and society. It particularly seeks to understand the process of construction of biotechnology and its context. Beyond this, it searches to link biotechnology research to the global society and to the specific context of peripheral science The theoretical argument is structured around issues raised by social studies of science and technology, and uses the theoretical framework of the theory of social systems of Niklas Luhmann, who considered the difference system / environment to understand the relationship between science and society. The main question raised refers to the structure of the reproduction of contemporary science and its relation with the environment. Therefore, our hypothesis argues that the structure of the biotechnology has changed from a reproduction based on "truth" to a reproduction based on "operation". The latter form of reproduction emerges in the light of disturbances around the science, especialy in a context characterized by technological requirements. Besides theses, there are requirements for application, legality, profitability, safety and innovation. This research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with leaders of biotechnology research groups from six brazilian states. Besides, a documentary research was conducted and a thematic content analysis was performed. Particularly, this research is located at the periphery of the global system of science and technology, and presents how the differentiation center/periphery also affects the reproductive system of biotechnology. In this sense, we construct the concept of knowledge production regime, a regime of mutual disturbances between systems, which is limited by the institutional configurations of national states. In Brazil, such regime was characterized by systems of law, economy, policy and science. This research has focused on the disturbance of the first three on biotechnology. It is concluded that research biotechnology produces another kind of truth, namely truth effectively.