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No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisvasconselosamorim.pdf: 1161063 bytes, checksum: aac38066d24dbc2d0c776d5bdf0f71ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A partir da vivência do cuidado de enfermagem direcionado às mulheres em perioperatório cardiológico, emergiram inquietações acerca do ente após a cirurgia cardíaca, momento que se mostra lacunar no que concerne ao estudo das subjetividades que o permeiam e à atuação do enfermeiro na promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. Objetivou-se desvelar os sentidos do dasein neste dia a dia,a fim de contribuir para a reflexão acerca da integralidade da atenção à saúde do ser que volta para casa. Elegeu-se como método de pesquisa a abordagem qualitativa ancorada na Fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger. O cenário constituiu-se de uma Instituição Hospitalar de médio porte da Zona da Mata Mineira e os sujeitos foram dez mulheres submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca. A entrevista fenomenológica teve como questão norteadora: Como está sendo o seu dia a dia após a cirurgia? Buscou-se nos depoimentos as estruturas essenciais. Estas originaram as Unidades de Significados: Sensações físicas e problemas de saúde estão presentes; Sentem-se inúteis e limitadas ao depender de outros; Em determinados momentos, a ajuda que receberam foi essencial; Apresentam-se emotivas, assustadas, temendo a morte e buscando fé em Deus; Desejam que as consultas médicas as liberem para as atividades do dia a dia. A compreensão vaga e mediana culminou com o fio condutor, que por sua vez, originou o conceito de ser em direção à análise interpretativa. A hermenêutica desvelou um novo modo de ser-cardíaca desconhecido anteriormente pela mulher, anunciando-a no impessoal lançada na publicidade. Nesta vivência, deixa-se dominar pela cotidianidade sendo no falatório, na curiosidade e na ambiguidade. Experimenta a decadência a partir da angústia imprópria. Revela o temor da própria morte e da de seus familiares, desvelando o pavor, o terror e o horror. Na ocupação do cuidado à mulher os profissionais de saúde mostram-se inautênticos nos diversos cenários do Sistema de Saúde. É o profissional médico que participa de seus constantes retornos, atentando-se aos aspectos biologicistas, insuficientes para promover a melhora das questões subjetivas que permeiam o cotidiano da paciente. Esta pesquisa aponta a carência de comportamento atitudinal do enfermeiro que tem a possibilidade de atuar em diferentes cenários e possui na sua formação e experiência diárias, ferramentas capazes de trazer visibilidade às suas ações. Dentre elas destacam-se o processo de enfermagem, as teorias que devem alicerçá-lo e resoluções legais que respaldam 8 suas condutas. Vislumbra-se, portanto, a aplicação de metodologias do cuidar embasadas em teorias interacionistas e humanísticas. Neste sentido, a fenomenologia Heideggeriana apresenta considerável aproximação, uma vez que baliza o profissional ao encontro do Ser, movimentando-se da esfera ôntica à ontológica, resgatando o cuidado-com o paciente a partir de suas múltiplas necessidades. / Starting from the experience of nursing care to women in perioperative cardiovascular care some concerns have emerged referring this Being after cardiovascular surgery. Underlying this moment there are some gaps related to the study of subjectivities and also related to nurse work performance directed to health promotion, protection and recovery. This study aimed at revealing the meanings of Dasein in this daily routine in order to contribute to the reflection on integrality of health care towards patient who is returning home. A qualitative approach based on Martin Heidegger Phenomenology was selected as research method. The setting was a medium-sized hospital located in Zona da Mata Mineira. Research participants were ten women that had undergone cardiovascular surgery. The Phenomenological interview has been guided by the following question: How is your daily life after surgery? The essential structures were found in the statements during interviews. From these structures the following Signification Units were identified: Physical sensations and health problems are present; There is a feeling of uselessness and limitation caused by the dependence upon others; In some moments the help and support they received were essential; Women were emotional, scared, they have experienced the fear of dying and they have sought faith in God; they expect medical discharge so that they may get back to their normal daily routine. Vague and average understanding has resulted in the main theme which in turn originated the concept of Being towards interpretative analysis. The hermeneutics unveiled a new mode of Being a cardiac woman which was previously unknown to her, announcing her as an impersonal Being through publicity. During this experience this woman feels herself dominated by everyday life either through gossips, curiosity and ambiguity. She experiences decadence from anguish. She fears her own death but she also fears the death of a family member revealing extreme fear, terror and horror. During women's health care health professionals show themselves as inauthentic in many health system settings. It is the medical professional who takes part in several follow-up visits paying attention to biologicist aspects considered insufficient to enable the improvement of subjective issues that may be found in patient's daily activities. This research points out the lack of attitudinal behavior of nurses who have the possibility 10 to work in different scenarios and get from their training and daily experience the tools that may increase visibility of their actions. One of the most important tools are the nursing process, specific theories that must underpin this process as well as legal resolutions to support the conduct of nurses. It is therefore envisaged the application of care methodologies based on humanistic and interactionist theories. In this sense, there is a close contact with Heideggerian phenomenology since this approach encourages the professional to encounter himself/herself, making a move from ontic to ontological level and bringing care back to patients considering their multiple needs.

Orientador: Orlando Petrucci Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_DaviJose_M.pdf: 1422528 bytes, checksum: 5f812e7cbe51c1829fc9e16276efdd45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Introdução: A disfunção pulmonar durante cirurgias cardíacas ocorre pelos efeitos combinados da anestesia geral, circulação extracorpórea (CEC), trauma cirúrgico e isquemia pulmonar. A manobra de recrutamento alveolar (MRA) e a manutenção da pressão positiva no final da expiração (PEEP) durante a CEC são procedimentos que podem reverter o colapso alveolar e melhorar as trocas gasosas no pós-operatório. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da manobra de recrutamento alveolar e da manutenção da PEEP durante a CEC na mecânica respiratória e nos parâmetros de oxigenação, em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com utilização de CEC. Métodos: Foram incluídos 90 pacientes (57 masculino/ 33 feminino) consecutivos, divididos em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo recrutamento (GR) e grupo PEEP (GP), submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com utilização de CEC. O GC recebeu ventilação mecânica com volume corrente de 8 ml/kg e frequência respiratória de 12 ciclos por minuto; o GR foi submetido ao mesmo tipo de ventilação mecânica e acrescido ao recrutamento alveolar imediatamente após a saída de CEC, já o GP foi submetido ao mesmo tipo de ventilação mecânica durante o ato cirúrgico, porém no momento da CEC, os pacientes não foram desconectados da ventilação mecânica, onde foi mantido uma PEEP contínua de 8 cmH2O. Os pacientes foram seguidos do momento pré-operatório até a alta hospitalar. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a distância caminhada no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), complacência e resistência pulmonar, e mecânica respiratória. Resultados: A distância percorrida no TC6 no pós-operatório foi maior no GP comparado aos dois outros grupos no pós-operatório imediato e 2 meses após a cirurgia. A mecânica respiratória avaliada pela pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) variou igualmente nos três grupos não havendo diferença entre eles. A complacência pulmonar foi maior no GP no período pré-extubação comparado aos dois outros grupos. A saturação de oxigênio foi maior no grupo submetido ao recrutamento e no grupo PEEP, logo após a intervenção, mas este efeito não foi duradouro. Conclusão: A manobra de recrutamento alveolar no período intraoperatório e a manutenção de pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas durante a CEC proporcionaram melhora da saturação de oxigênio e da complacência pulmonar, mas estes efeitos não foram duradouros. A utilização da PEEP a CEC proporcionou maior distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos / Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary dysfunction related to cardiac surgery may occurs as consequence of several factors such as general anesthesia , cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) , surgical trauma, and pulmonary ischemia . The alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM ) or the maintenance of PEEP (Positive Expiratory End Pressure) throughout the CPB period may preclude the alveolar collapse and improve gas exchange at the postoperative period. The aim of this work was evaluate the effects of two different ventilatory strategies on mechanical respiratory physiology and oxygenation parameters in patients undergoing open heart surgeries using CPB. Methods: Ninety patients ( 57 male / 33 female) were allocated to three different groups named: control group (CG ), recruitment group (GR ) and PEEP group ( GP ). The CG were ventilated with a tidal volume of 8 mL/ kg and respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, GR were ventilated with the same parameters with additional alveolar recruitment right after weaning from CPB,, and the GP where the patients received a positive airways pressure of 8 cmH2O for the duration of the CPB time. Patients were followed-up up to 2 months of post-operative period. They were evaluated with 6-minute walk test (6MWT), pulmonary compliance resistance and respiratory muscle strength tests. Results: The GP showed longer distance walked in the 6MWT compared to GC and GR groups. The three groups were similar regarding respiratory muscle strength tests. There was an increase of lung compliance in GP at pre-extubation time compared to two other groups. The GR and GP groups showed a slight higher oxygen saturation compared to GC right after the intervention. However, these beneficial effects did not last until first day after surgery. Conclusion: Intraoperative recruitment maneuver and maintenance of PEEP during CPB produced to slight improvements on oxygen saturation and lung compliance, but these effects were not durable. The use of positive pressure during CPB improved the distance walked in six-minute walk test / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências

INTRODUÇÃO: A isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar e o uso do oxigenador de membranas são considerados fatores importantes na resposta inflamatória após a cirurgia cardíaca (CC) com utilização da circulação extracorpórea (CEC). Estudos anteriores que utilizaram os próprios pulmões dos pacientes como oxigenador em uma circulação extracorpórea biventricular (CECBV) em comparação à CEC convencional (CECC) mostraram efeitos benéficos na mecânica pulmonar e na reação inflamatória sistêmica. No entanto, a inflamação pulmonar ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida neste cenário. Os objetivos deste estudo foram observar o impacto da exclusão do oxigenador de membranas e da manutenção da ventilação e perfusão pulmonar na inflamação regional em porcos submetidos à CEC. MÉTODOS: Vinte e sete porcos ventilados mecanicamente foram submetidos à toracotomia e alocados randomicamente nos grupos: Controle (n=8), CECC (n=9) e CECBV (n=10). Os animais dos grupos CECC e CECBV foram submetidos respectivamente a uma CEC convencional ou a uma CEC biventricular com ventilação e perfusão pulmonar sem oxigenador de membranas por 90 minutos. As interleucinas (ILs) séricas foram avaliadas nos momentos: basal, após a CEC e 90 minutos após a CEC, e em momentos equivalentes no grupo Controle. As ILs do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) foram medidas nos momentos basal e 90 minutos após a CEC. Amostras de tecido pulmonar foram coletadas da região ventral e dorsal do lobo pulmonar esquerdo para avaliação do número de polimorfonucleares (PMN) e quantificação do edema pela área de parênquima. Os dados foram avaliados através de ANOVA, considerando-se estatisticamente significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O grupo CECC apresentou uma maior inflamação, com um aumento no número de PMN, comparado ao grupo Controle (p < 0,001) nas regiões: ventral (2,8 x10-6± 0,7 x10-6 vs. 1,6 x10-6 ± 0,5 x10-6 , respectivamente) e dorsal (3,3 x10-6 ± 1,0 x10-6 vs. 1,9 x10- 6 ± 0,5 x10-6, respectivamente) e ao grupo CECBV (p = 0,006) nas regiões: ventral (2,3 x10-6 ± 0,7 x10-7) e dorsal (2,1 x10-6 ± 0,7 x10-6). Edema foi maior no grupo CECC comparado ao Controle nas regiões ventral e dorsal (2,4 x10-2 ± 3,5 x10-2 vs. 8,2 x10-4 ± 0,2 x10-4 e 5,7 x10 -2 ± 4,3 x10-2 vs. 0,3 x10-2 ± 1,0 x10-2, respectivamente, p = 0,016) e mais intenso na região dorsal em todos os grupos (p = 0,004). As IL 10 e IL6 do LBA foram maiores nos grupos submetidos à CECC (41,9 ± 12,2, p = 0,010 e 239,4 ± 45,2, p < 0,001, respectivamente) e à CECBV (40,7 ± 12,0, p = 0,016 e 174,8 ± 61,2, p = 0,004, respectivamente) comparadas ao Controle (21,0 ± 6,9 e 71,8 ± 29,8, respectivamente). As ILs séricas não diferiram entre os grupos (p > 0,05). O Grupo CECC, comparado ao grupo CECBV, mostrou um aumento maior com o tempo na IL6 do LBA (239,4 ± 45,2 vs. 174,8 ± 61,2, p = 0,027, respectivamente) e na IL8 sérica (193,1 ± 108,8 vs. 147,0 ± 59,4, p = 0,040, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Em modelo experimental de circulação extracorpórea em porcos, a manutenção da perfusão e ventilação dos pulmões na CEC biventricular atenua a inflamação pulmonar em comparação à CEC convencional / BACKGROUND: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and the membrane oxygenator are considered important factors in the inflammatory response after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Previous studies using the own lung as the oxygenator with a biventricular bypass demonstrated the beneficial effects of this technique. However, lung inflammation was not fully evaluated in this scenario. The aim of this study was to observe the impact of the exclusion of the membrane oxygenator and maintenance of lung perfusion on regional lung inflammation in pigs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Twenty-seven mechanically ventilated pigs were subjected to a thoracotomy and randomly allocated into Control (n=8), CPB (n=9) or Lung Perfusion (n=10) groups. Animals from the CPB group and Lung Perfusion group were subjected respectively to a conventional CPB or to a biventricular bypass with pulmonary ventilation and perfusion without a membrane oxygenator for 90 minutes. The systemic interleukins (ILs) were determined at baseline, after bypass and 90 min after bypass or at equivalent times in the Control group. ILs from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were evaluated at baseline and 90 min after bypass. Tissue samples were collected from the dorsal and ventral regions of the left lung for assessment of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) per parenchyma area and edema. Data were evaluated using ANOVA and p< 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The CPB group showed increased lung inflammation, with an increased PMN count compared to the Control (p<0,001) at ventral (2.8 x10-6± 0.7 x10-6 vs. 1.6 x10-6± 0.5 x10-6 , respectively) and dorsal regions (3.3 x10-6 ± 1.0 x10-6 vs. 1.9 x10-6 ± 0.5 x10-6, respectively) and to Lung Perfusion Group (p = 0.006) at ventral (2.3 x10-6 ± 0.7 x10-7) e dorsal regions (2.1 x10-6 ± 0.7 x10-6). Edema was higher in the CPB group compared to the Control at ventral and dorsal regions (2.4 x10-2± 3.5 x10-2 vs. 8.2 x10 -4± 0.2 x10-4 and 5.7 x10 -2 ± 4.3 x10-2 vs. 0.3 x10-2 ± 1.0 x10-2, respectively, p = 0.016) and increased in the dorsal region in all groups (p = 0.004). BAL IL10 and IL6 were higher in groups subjected to CPB group (41.9 ± 12.2, p = 0.010 e 239.4 ± 45.2, p<0.001, respectively) and to Lung Perfusion group (40.7 ± 12.0, p = 0.016 e 174.8 ± 61.2, p = 0.004, respectively) compared to Control group (21.0 ± 6.9 e 71.8 ± 29.8). Systemic interleukins did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). The CPB group compared to Lung Perfusion group showed a higher increase in BAL IL6 (239,4 ± 45,2 vs. 174,8 ± 61,2, p = 0,027, respectively) and in serum IL8 over time (193,1 ± 108,8 vs. 147,0 ± 59,4, p = 0,040, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In a pig model of extracorporeal circulation, maintenance of lung perfusion and ventilation with biventricular bypass attenuates the pulmonary inflammation as compared to conventional CPB

Ischemic heart disease is currently the leading cause of death globally. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is considered the best treatment for many patients and its success depends on the long-term patency of the conduits. Greater use of arterial grafts has been advocated because of their higher long-term patency compared to saphenous vein grafts (SVGs). Despite this, SVGs account for up to 80% of all grafts used in CABG. Consequently, the long-term patency of the saphenous vein (SV) is one of the most crucial challenges in cardiovascular surgery. The no-touch (NT) SV in CABG has shown a superior patency rate, slower progression of atherosclerosis, and better clinical outcome compared to conventional veins up to 8.5 years postoperatively. The aim of this thesis was to study the long-term angiographic, echocardiographic, and clinical aspects of CABG patients receiving either NT or conventional vein grafts and to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this patient group. Studies I-II report a randomized trial between NT and conventional veins where 74 patients were followed-up at a mean of 16 years postoperatively. Study III is a prospective cohort trial in which 97 patients with NT vein grafts anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were included and followed-up at a mean of 6 years postoperatively. Study IV included 257 patients in whom HRQoL and graft patency were studied during the same follow-up visit. Overall, NT vein grafts showed a higher patency compared to conventional veins at a mean of 16 years, 83% vs. 64% (p=0.03), which was similar to the patency of the left internal thoracic artery, 88%. The NT group had a better left ventricular ejection fraction compared to the conventional group, 57.9% vs. 49.4% (p=0.011). After a mean of 6 years, the patency rate of NT SVs to the LAD was 95.6% and to non-LAD targets, 93.9%. Graft patency was an independent predictor of HRQoL in CABG patients. These patients reported a function and wellbeing similar to that of the Swedish population and clearly higher health status than those in the same disease group in the general population.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the capability and performance of the University of South Florida’s (USF) Human Exposure Chamber (HEC) using aerosols in the thoracic range. The goals of this research were two-fold: to obtain an average particle size of 10 µm (thoracic-size range) inside the chamber during dust production and to test for evenness of dust concentration within the chamber. The USF HEC can be used for studies using gases and/or particulates. The chamber measurements are 4.16 ft x 2.67 ft x 6.75 ft, for a total volume of 75 ft3 or 2.13 m3. This research has public health significance since outdoor air pollution is found most commonly in the thoracic size range; future studies with the HEC could focus on the impact of outdoor air pollution on human subjects under various exposure conditions, and various particle size ranges. Soda lime glass beads were used in this study due to their uniformity in shape and size. A Wright Dust Feeder (WDF) was used to generate the glass beads aerosol in the chamber. Nitrogen gas and HEPA-filtered fresh air were used to transport the aerosol through the system and into the chamber. A total of nine different chamber configurations were made in order to increase the average particle size closer to the goal of 10 µm. Chamber reconfiguration provided statistically significant effect on increasing particle size with the exception of two intermediate settings. It was concluded that aerosol distribution within the chamber was even during operation of the chamber, and modification steps utilized in the study provided size distribution within +/- 6% of the target particle size.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / Mid-back pain (mbp) is defined as pain occurring within the limits of the third thoracic (T3) and ninth thoracic (T9) vertebrae, caused by the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal structures in the thoracic spine. It can present as pain and/ burning between the shoulder blades with reduced thoracic spine mobility and increased muscle tension. Congenital disorders such as scoliosis and Scheuermann’s disease, or acquired disorders such as thoracic facet and costovertebral joint dysfunction may cause mbp. The thoracic facet and costovertebral joints are similar in anatomy and share a mutually dependent biomechanical relationship. There were a handful of controlled studies that highlighted the effectiveness of thoracic facet manipulation on mbp, but there were none on the effects of costovertebral manipulation on mbp. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation on mbp in terms of pain perception, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM). Design A prospective single-blind randomised comparative clinical trial. Setting This study was conducted in a university setting at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic Participants Fifty participants were recruited via responses to advertisements placed around the Durban University of Technology (DUT) campuses and individuals presenting at the Chiropractic Day Clinic (CDC). Intervention The participants were divided into two groups of twenty-five. Group A received the thoracic facet joint manipulations and Group B received a combination of the thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulations. Outcome measures All subjective and objective measurements were taken before and after the application of the manipulations. Pain perception i.e. subjective measurement) was measured by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), pressure pain thresholds (PPT) (i.e. objective measurement) were measured by the Wagner’s FDK Force Gage Algometer and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM) i.e. objective measurement was measured by the Saunders Digital Inclinometer. Results The data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS and a p-value = 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Descriptive statistics in the form of univariate analysis described the data in terms of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Data that was distributed normally was analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA. Data that was distributed abnormally was analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon ranked and Mann Whitney tests. Nominal and ordinal data was analyzed using the Chi squared test. The results of the intra-group analysis indicated a statistically significant decrease in pain perception (p ≤ 0.000), increase in PPT (p ≤ 0.05) and decrease in thoracic spine ROM (p ≤ 0.000). However, the results for the inter-group analysis indicate there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception (p = 0.386), PPT (p > 0.05) and thoracic spine ROM (p >0.05) between Group A and Group B. Conclusions These results showed that the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation was as effective as thoracic facet joint manipulation alone, in the treatment of mbp. These findings suggested that manipulation of the costovertebral joints may not be necessary for the effective treatment of mbp. / M

L’épidémiologie des anévrismes de l’aorte est un problème de santé publique majeur dans les pays industrialisés. Cette pathologie peut engendrer la mort du patient en cas de rupture de l’anévrisme. Actuellement les critères d’intervention chirurgicale sont basés sur la morphologie de l’anévrisme et il existe des difficultés à évaluer correctement le risque de rupture pour chaque patient. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer une méthode d’identification des propriétés mécaniques de la paroi artérielle de manière personnalisée permettant d’affiner les critères d’intervention chirurgicale. Des essais de gonflement utilisant des mesures de champs et le développement d’une méthodologie d’analyse ont permis de quantifier la distribution des contraintes des anévrismes de manière expérimentale et de mettre en évidence l’apparition des affaiblissements ponctuels dans la paroi afin de prédire la localisation de la rupture de l’anévrisme. Ensuite, une méthode d’identification de propriétés mécaniques a été mise en place pour mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité du tissu artériel et pour localiser les endroits à l’origine de la rupture du tissu. L’identification des lois de comportement à partir de données expérimentales issues de patients permettra d’améliorer les modèles numériques artériels utilisées aujourd’hui. De plus, la méthodologie créée pour l’analyse de la rupture d’anévrismes pendant cette thèse ouvre la porte à une étape qui vise à développer la caractérisation mécanique in-vivo par l’utilisation de l’imagerie médicale. L’objectif final sera d’évaluer le risque de rupture de l’anévrisme de chaque patient de manière non-invasive. / Epidemiology of aortic aneurysms is a major public health issue that affects a significant proportion of the population in industrialized countries and can cause the death of the patient in case of rupture of the aneurysm.Currently the only criteria for surgery are based on the morphology of the aneurysm, and there are problems to accurately assess the risk of rupture for each patient.The aim of this thesis was to develop a method to identify the mechanical properties of the arterial wall in a personalized way to refine the criteria for surgery.Inflation tests, full-field measurements and a methodology developed were used in order to quantify experimentally the stress distribution of aneurysms. It was possible to highlight the appearance of localized weakening in the wall which will let us predict the location of the rupture on the aneurysm. Then a method was developed to identify the mechanical properties of the aortic tissue. It was possible to highlight the heterogeneity of arterial tissue and locate the places where the rupture of the tissue may occur.The identification of the aneurysm’s mechanical properties from experimental data will improved arterial numerical models used today. In addition, the methodology developed for the analysis of the rupture of aneurysms during this thesis opens the door to a step that aims to develop the in vivo mechanical characterization by the use of medical imaging. The ultimate goal will be to assess the risk of rupture of the aneurysm of each patient in a noninvasive manner.

Orientadores: Ricardo Kalaf Mussi, Ivan Felizardo Contrera Toro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_LuciaraIrenedeNadai_M.pdf: 2177736 bytes, checksum: c5b98455a79296bccbd702f701b8ee15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Após simpatectomia torácica por videocirurgia para tratamento de hiperidrose primária comumente ocorre sudorese reflexa como efeito colateral e pode ser causa de insatisfação nos resultados. Objetivos: Avaliar a intensidade de sudorese reflexa com o grau de ansiedade e sua interferência na qualidade de vida de indivíduos submetidos à simpatectomia por videotoracoscopia nos períodos pré e pós-operatório. Método: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes, sendo 33 do gênero feminino e 21 do gênero masculino, através de dois questionários (Questionário de qualidade de vida em pacientes com hiperidrose primária e Escala para Ansiedade e Depressão) antes da cirurgia, 30 e 180 dias após a cirurgia. Os pacientes foram submetidos à simpatectomia em nível R3-R4. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida logo após 30 dias da realização da simpatectomia, resultado que se manteve após os seis meses. Houve significância estatística (p<0,025) para comprovar que quanto maior o nível de ansiedade do paciente, maior a intensidade da sudorese reflexa após 180 dias. Não houve complicação cirúrgica em nenhum paciente. Conclusões: A simpatectomia torácica por videocirurgia melhora a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com hiperidrose primária, mesmo com o surgimento da sudorese reflexa. A ansiedade está diretamente relacionada com a intensidade de sudorese reflexa, sem comprometer o grau de satisfação dos pacientes. Descritores: Hiperidrose. Qualidade de vida. Ansiedade. Simpatectomia, Cirurgia torácica videoassistida / Abstract: After video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis commonly occurs reflex sweating as a side effect and can be a cause of dissatisfaction in the results. Objectives: Evaluate the intensity of reflex sweating with anxiety levels and their influence on quality of life of individuals undergoing thoracoscopic sympathectomy in the pre and postoperative. Method: Were evaluated 54 patients, being 33 females and 21 males, using two questionnaires (Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Hyperhidrosis and Anxiety and Depression Scale) before surgery, 30 and 180 days after surgery. Patients underwent sympathectomy at R3-R4 level. Results: The patients showed significant improvement in quality of life after 30 days of completion of the sympathectomy, a result that remained after six months. Statistical significance (p < 0.025) to prove that the higher the level of anxiety of the patient, the greater the intensity of compensatory sweating after 180 days. There were no postoperative complications in any patient. Conclusions: Video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy improves the quality of life of patients with primary hyperhidrosis, even with the emergence of reflex sweating. The anxiety is directly related to the intensity of reflex sweating, without compromising the degree of patient satisfaction. Descriptors: Hyperhidrosis. Quality of life. Anxiety. Sympathectomy, Video assisted thoracic surgery / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestra em Ciências

Introduction: During cardiac surgery several factors contribute to the development of pulmonary complications and the installation of postoperative comorbidities. Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) is being used as promising therapeutic instrument to improve the functionality in this cases. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity of patients in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization and heart valve replacement submitted to non-invasive prophylactic ventilation. Method: Randomized controlled clinical trial developed in four groups of patients submitted to two cardiac surgeries: Revascularization and Valve Replacement. It was enrolled patients of both genders, aged 20 to 70 years. In the revascularized group, the sample consisted of 40 patients, assigned to the Experimental Group (GE) with 21 patients and Control Group (CG) with 19 patients. The group undergoing valve replacement was composed of 50 patients, 25 in the GE and 25 in the CG. At the time of hospital admission, the patient underwent a preoperative evaluation, which included patient identification, vital signs, clinical diagnosis, type of surgery, personal history, medication and ejection fraction and Functional Independence Measure (MIF). After the surgical procedure, the patients were referred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and submitted to the standard physiotherapeutic treatment. Patients enrolled in experimental groups, also used NIV in the CPAP mode, 3 times within the first 26 hours after extubation, with positive pressure of 10 cmH2O and treatment duration of 1h each application. A functional reevaluation was made on the 3rd and 5th postoperative day (POD) and in the 7th POD/ discharge hospital day, besides the functional evaluation, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and gait velocity test (T10) was performed. It was also monitored the length of surgery, extracorporeal circulation, ICU and hospital stay, in addition to the postoperative ejection fraction of both groups. Results: In the group of revascularized patients, the TC6 analysis presented a difference between groups, where the GC 207.05 ± 68.8 meters and the GE 284.73 ± 94.8 meters (p = 0.006). The variable T10 also presented difference, where the GC 0.68 ± 0.22 m / s and the GE 1.08 ± 0.39 m / s (p <0.0001). The total MIF at hospital discharge was 117.19 ± 11.04 and the GC was 82.52 ± 13.26 (p = 0.01). There was no difference in ICU and hospital admission times between groups. The heart valve replacement patients groups, the 6MWT analysis also showed a significance diference between groups, the GC 264.34 ± 76 meters and the GE 334.07 ± 71 meters (p = 0.002). On the other hand, the analysis of T10, MIF and ICU and hospital admission times did not present differences between the groups. Conclusion: NIV as a therapeutic resource proved to be effective, suggesting an improvement in the functionality of the patients studied in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, however, it did not influence the length of ICU stay or the general time of hospitalization of the patients with cardiopathy. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR - 8bxdd3. / Introdução: A cirurgia cardíaca está atrelada a alguns fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de complicações pulmonares e instalação de comorbidades pós-operatórias. A Ventilação Não Invasiva (VNI) é um recurso terapêutico utilizado na melhora da funcionalidade deste tipo de paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional de pacientes no pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio e de troca valvar cardíaca submetidos à ventilação não invasiva profilática. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, desenvolvido em dois grupos de cirurgias cardíacas: Revascularização (RM) e Troca Valvar (TV), em indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade de 20 a 70 anos. No grupo dos revascularizados, a amostra foi composta por 40 pacientes, alocados em Grupo Experimental (GE) com 21 pacientes e Grupo Controle (GC) com 19 pacientes. Já o grupo submetido à troca valvar foi composto por 50 pacientes, sendo 25 no GE e 25 no GC. No momento da internação hospitalar o paciente foi submetido a uma avaliação pré-operatória, que constava da sua identificação, sinais vitais, diagnóstico clínico, tipo de cirurgia, antecedentes pessoais, medicamentos e fração de ejeção e Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). Após procedimento cirúrgico, os pacientes foram encaminhados à Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e submetidos ao tratamento fisioterapêutico padrão, sendo acrescido ao GE o uso da VNI, no modo CPAP, por 3 aplicações dentro das primeiras 26h pós extubação, com pressão positiva de 10 cmH2O, duração de tratamento de 1h cada aplicação. Foi realizada reavaliação no 3º e 5ºDPO através da MIF e no 7ºDPO/Alta além da MIF, foram aplicados o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e o teste de velocidade de marcha (T10), realizado o monitoramento dos tempos de cirurgia, de circulação extra-corpórea, de UTI e de internação hospitalar, além da fração de ejeção pós-operatória de ambos os grupos. Resultados: Avaliando os pacientes revascularizados, a variável TC6 apresentou diferença entre os grupos, o GC = 207,05 ± 68,8 metros e o GE = 284,73 ± 94,8 metros (p= 0,006). A variável T10 também apresentou diferença, o GC = 0,68 ± 0,22 m/s e o GE = 1,08 ± 0,39 m/s (p<0,0001). A MIF total na alta hospitalar GE 117,19 ± 11,04 e do GC 82,52 ± 13,26 (p=0,01). Não houve diferença estatística nos tempos de UTI e de internamento hospitalar entre os grupos. Os pacientes de troca valvar, na análise do TC6, o GC = 264,34 ± 76 metros e o GE = 334,07 ± 71 metros (p=0,002). Já a análise do T10, MIF e dos tempos de UTI e de internamento hospitalar, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. Conclusão: A VNI como recurso terapêutico se mostrou eficaz, sugerindo melhora da funcionalidade dos pacientes no pós-operatório de RM e TV, porém não influenciou no tempo de internação na UTI, nem no tempo geral de hospitalização dos pacientes cardiopatas estudados. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR – 8bxdd3. / Aracaju, SE

Positron emission tomography (PET) visualizes increased cellular [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is conceived of a proliferative disease of the lung vessels. Increased glucose uptake can be quantified as pulmonary [18F]FDG uptake via PET imaging. Because the angioproliferative mechanisms in PH are still in need of further description, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging can elucidate these pathophysiologic mechanisms in different etiologies of PH. Patients (n = 109) with end-stage pulmonary disease being evaluated for lung transplant were included in this observational study. Mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of predefined regions of interest in lung parenchyma (LP), left (LV), and right ventricle (RV) of the heart, and SUVmax in pulmonary artery (PA) were determined and normalized to liver uptake. These SUV ratios (SUVRs) were compared with results from right heart catheterization (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP], pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR]), and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Group comparisons were performed and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. The [18F]FDG uptake ratios in LP, RV, RV/LV, and PA, but not in LV, were found to be significantly higher in both patients with mPAP ≥25 mm Hg (P = 0.013, P = 0.006, P = 0.049, P = 0.002, P = 0.68, respectively) and with PVR ≥480 dyn·s/cm5 (P < 0.001, P = 0.045, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.26, respectively). The [18F]FDG uptake in these regions positively correlated also with mPAP, PVR, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The SUVR of PA positively correlated with the SUVR of LP and RV (r=0.55, r=0.42, respectively). Pulmonary and cardiac [18F]FDG uptake in PET imaging positively correlated with the presence and severity of PH in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Increased glucose metabolism in the central PAs seems to play a certain role in terms of severity of PH. These results suggest that [18F]FDG-PET imaging can help understand the pathophysiology of PH as a proliferative pulmonary disease.