Title: Relation between throwing velocity and accuracy in women handball. Objectives: The main of this thesis is finding of relation between throwing velocity and accuracy among difference performance levels and difference gaming experience female handball players. Methods: As part of the survey, a one-off measurements of the maximum throwing velocity and accuracy throwing was performed for two groups women handball players. Speed measurement was performed using radar device Stalker PRO II. The measurement was performed by one-handed overarm throw in three different ways. The resulting values are statistically processed in MS Excel 2007. I used the testing method and the observation method. Results: The results of this thesis show close relation between throwing velocity and accuracy in women handball. Both groups exceeded 90% border of the maximum throwing velocity when trying to hit a defined space. Keywords: Team handball, throwing velocity, throwing accuracy

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, May, 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Darbo objektas ― pajėgiausių Lietuvos ir pasaulio disko metikų rezultatų kaita ir treniruočių technologijos. Darbo aktualumas ― išanalizavus geriausių Lietuvos ir pasaulio disko metikų rezultatų kaitą ir treniruočių metodikos ypatumus, galima sėkmingai planuoti jaunų sportininkų treniruočių procesą, parinkti optimalius krūvius ir, sudarius modelines charakteristikas, siekti aukštų rezultatų svarbiausiose sezono varžybose. Darbo tikslas ― nustatyti disko metikų antropometrinių duomenų, amžiaus ir sportinių rezultatų sąveikos ypatumus bei ištirti geriausių Lietuvos ir pasaulio disko metikų treniruočių technologijas. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti geriausių pasaulio pastarojo dešimtmečio disko metikų rezultatų kaitą: a) amžiaus aspektu; b) olimpinio keturmečio ciklo metu; c) lyginant sezono geriausią disko metimo rezultatą su atsakinguose startuose pasiektais; d) pasaulio čempionatuose 1983 ― 2009 m. m. 2. Nustatyti geriausių pasaulio disko metikų antropometrinių duomenų (ūgio, svorio, KMI) sąveiką su varžybiniu rezultatu. 3. Ištirti trijų geriausių pastarųjų dešimtmečių Lietuvos disko metikų fizinio parengtumo rodiklius 4. Išanalizuoti V. Aleknos (2000 m Olimpinės žaidynės) ir G. Kanter‘io (2007 m Pasaulio čempionatas) pasirengimo varžyboms treniruočių technologijas. Išvados: 1. Išanalizavus geriausių pasaulio pastarojo dešimtmečio disko metikų rezultatų kaitą nustatėme, kad: a) geriausio asmeninio rezultato pasiekimo amžius disko metime vidutiniškai yra 28,1 ± 3,09 m, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the study ― sports results alternation and training technologies of the best Lithuanian and world discus throwers (men) Topicality ― when we analyzed Lithuanian and world’s discus throwers results and training process we can really plan good young athlete’s training processes, choose optimal loads, create model characterizations and reach high results in main competitions. The aim of study ― To examine discuss throwers anthropometric findings, age and result interaction each other and also make a research of Lithuanian‘s and world‘s discuss throwers training technologies. Tasks: 1. To analyze best discus throwers results changes of the last 10 years: a) by year b) in Olympic four year cycle c) comparing the best throw of the year and in the main competition. d) in world championships from 1983 to 2009. 2. Make a research of the best discus throwers anthropometrical results (height, weight, BMI) influence to result. 3. Make a research of three Lithuania‘s best discus throwers testing results of the last years. 4. Analyze V. Alekna‘s (2000 y. Olympic games) and G. Kanter‘s (2007 world championships) preparation for competition technologies. Conclusions: 1. When we analyzed world‘s best ten years results changes, found out, that: a) highest personal best is reached above discus throwers when they are 28.1 ± 3.09 y. and best Lithuanian discus throwers like V. Alekna and R. Ubartas reached there best at age of 28. b) best results discus throwers show in Olympic... [to full text]

The monotonous and strenuous shoulder moving pattern during throwing may result in microtrauma and fibrous adhesions between the layers of fascia among athletes. In the last decade, self myofascial release (SMR) has gained good reputation as a way to treat these adhesions. However, there is limited data demonstrating the effects on upper body performance among athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the effects from an acute bout of upper body SMR or from dynamic stretch (DS), on shoulder range of motion (ROM), throwing velocity and throwing accuracy. Also to examine correlations between shoulder ROM and throwing velocity/accuracy and between playing experience (PE) and changes in throwing velocity/accuracy and ROM. METHODS: 20 elite male handball players (age 20 ± 5 years, weight 84 ± 9 kg) were included in the study. The study had an experimental cross-over design in which participants first performed baseline measures. They also performed SMR and DS in two different trials. The trials were supervised and separated by 14 days. During SMR, the athletes performed a series of foam rolling exercises during two minutes for the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint. The same muscles were stretched for two minutes during the DS trial. Directly after foam rolling and DS, shoulder ROM, throwing velocity and throwing accuracy were measured using a gravity reference goniometer, radar gun and a high speed videocamera. ANOVA with repeated measures and t-tests were used to analyze differences between and within groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in either shoulder ROM, throwing velocity or throwing accuracy between the three trials. There was a moderate correlation between shoulder extension and mean accuracy (r = 0.62; p = 0.004) after DS. When dividing the group into high and low experienced players, among the players in the PE-low group, the most experienced players elicited the greatest increase in peak throwing velocity after DS (r = 0.58; p = 0.10). Change in peak accuracy showed moderate but conflicting correlations after SMR (r = -0.53; p = 0.09) and DS (r = 0.50; p = 0.11) for the players in the PE-high group, indicating a better result after SMR. CONCLUSION: An acute bout of upperbody SMR does not affect ROM and does not improve throwing velocity or throwing accuracy compared to baseline or DS among elite male handball players. Nor could any correlation between ROM and throwing velocity or throwing accuracy be observed. The associations between PE and throwing performance was inconclusive. Further studies is needed to define if PE should be taken into consideration when using SMR or DS in order to improve throwing performance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent delivered non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) on decreasing throwing behavior exhibited by a young child with autism. During the pretreatment phase of the experiment the participant went a functional analysis to determine the target behavior of throwing. Baseline data was collected followed by the intervention phase. During the intervention phase, the non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) procedures were conducted. Attention was given to the participant on a fixed-time schedule and was influenced based on the participant’s behavior. The schedule of reinforcement was slowly increase with the decrease or lack of throwing attempts. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine whether parent delivered fixed-time schedules of non-contingent reinforcement decrease the non-preferred activities of throwing objects.

Shoulder injuries often comprise two separate yet related components, structural tissue damage and pain. The role of each of these components on shoulder function is difficult to ascertain. Experimental pain models allow the assessment of consequences of localized pain when applied to healthy individuals. By understanding the role of pain on shoulder function, clinicians will be able to more efficiently assess and treat shoulder injuries. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of experimentally-induced sub-acromial pain on shoulder isokinetic rotational strength and throwing accuracy. This was a block counterbalanced, crossover, repeated measures study design utilizing 20 individuals without self-reported shoulder or cervical pathology. Shoulder function was measured with and without experimental pain injection (2 mL of 5% hypertonic saline) in the sub-acromial space. Functional tasks consisted of shoulder rotational strength utilizing isokinetic testing and throwing accuracy via the functional throwing performance index. The hypertonic saline induced moderate pain levels in all participants (4.3-5.1/10). Normalized shoulder internal (t = 3.76, p = 0.001) and external (t = 3.12, p = 0.006) rotation strength were both diminished in the painful condition compared to the pain free condition. Throwing accuracy was also reduced while the participants experienced pain (t = 3.99, p = 0.001). Moderate levels of experimental shoulder pain were sufficient to negatively influence shoulder strength and throwing accuracy in participants without shoulder pathology.

No description available.

Thesis (M Sport Sc (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The ability to execute a powerful throw is an essential skill for netball and cricket players. Numerous accurate, powerful throws are being made during the course of a match. It is thus necessary to focus on the development of excellent technique, as well as the development of the physical aspects that might contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the throwing action. The aim of the study was to determine which specific physical factors play a significant role in the distance that netball and cricket players can throw a ball. The distance of the thrown ball was also seen as an indirect measure of the power with which the throw was executed, with a greater distance implying more power. A group of volunteer subjects was drawn from the local netball and cricket clubs from the Stellenbosch area. Thirty nine injury-free, club level subjects participated in the study, of whom twelve (n=12) were male and twenty four (n=24) were female. Various physical factors were selected that give an indication of its contribution to a powerful throw for distance. Range of motion assessments involved the range of the shoulder joint, as well as the elbow joint, wrist joint and the back. The strength of the internal rotators was compared to the strength of the external rotators in the shoulder joint. Core stability was assessed by doing two different tests, with one involving shoulder stability as well. The relationship between upper-limb length and the throwing distance was assessed. Various anthropometric measurements were done, including height, weight, skinfolds, and the “wing span”. Throwing for distance was measured while the subjects remained seated on a chair. This throwing position was chosen in an attempt to eliminate the contribution of the kinetic chain that generates momentum in the lower extremities which get transferred to the upper extremities. It was thus an attempt to only focus on the involvement of the upper extremities. This seated throwing position is also often used as a test for throwing ability in athletes. Throwing for distance was also done with the subject strapped onto the chair to exclude the involvement of the core in the transfer or generation of energy. Results from this study showed that there were very few physical factors that had significant correlations in both groups. In the cricket players, factors from the isokinetic testing played a significant roll, but not in the netball players. There was a significant correlation which was positive with the average peak torque concentric/concentric 180 degrees/second with external rotation seated on the chair (r=0.46; p=0.03). There is also a tendency towards a significant correlation when the subject was seated in average peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second both with internal (r=0.52; p=0.06) and external rotation (r=0.62; p=0.05). The peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second during external rotation (r=0.61; p=0.06) and the peak torque concentric/concentric at 90 degrees/second during internal rotation (r=0.49; p=0.06). Both tended to a correlation but were not significant. There was found to be a few positive and statistical significant factors the average power concentric/concentric contractions at 90 degrees/second during external rotation when seated on the chair (r=0.64 and p=0.03) and average power concentric/concentric contractions at 180 degrees/second during external rotation when seated on chair (r=0.58; p=0.04) as well as strapped in on chair (r=0.06; p=0.03). It cannot be concluded there are any specific physical factors that would influence the distance thrown in both the netball and the cricket players. It can thus be assumed that a number of other factors might play a more important role in the execution of a powerful throw for distance, such as the involvement of the total well-coordinated kinetic chain, and the throwing techniques.

Appearances and first impressions are deceiving. My figurines represent the twisted world where everything on the surface appears to be perfect, but there are skeletons in everyone's closet.

Title Evaluation of walking, running and overarm throwing of preschool children. Work objectives The thesis aim is to identify and assess the level of selected movement skills of walking, running and overarm throwing in preschool children from three to six years. Movement level will be determined using the manuals and methodologies written by Haywood. During the measurement, we will focus on gender differences in movement levels and movement differences between various age categories, thus between 3 - 4 and 5 - 6 years old children from the analyzed sample. The sub-objective is to determine whether manuals and methodologies, written by the mentioned author above, can be applied to preschool children in the Czech conditions. Methodology Physical level of preschool children was assessed qualitatively. Qualitative assessment of the walking, running and overarm throwing level was executed by observation. For a record of our observation, we used a digital camera, which enables more precise movement analysis by slow motion mode. The statically placed camera recorded movements from sides, front and back. Results 31 children including 18 boys and 13 girls were evaluated in overall. We have noticed that children acquire the walking best, because all 31 children reached the mature form of walking....