One of the modern times worst environmental problem are polluted water resources. An example of source of pollution to water resources are, heavy metal leached from acid sulfate soils (ASS). When these soils are stable, which they are if they are left underwater in an anoxic environment (for example below the water table), they are often sought after since they consist of high amount of nutrients which farmers use as farmlands. ASS is therefore created when farmers drain their land and the sulfide soil gets exposed to air, resulting in its oxidation and therefore formation of sulfuric acid. In a previous study performed by scientists from Linnaeus University, it was concluded that a natural reserve located in Vattenriket, Kristianstad was possibly damaged by the drainage discharge of an adjacent acid sulfate soil. For remediation of acid sulfate soil, notably removal of metals from drainage waters, grounded coffee has been suggested to be able to perform well as an adsorbent. This study was performed to investigate how well grounded coffee could be used as an adsorbent, for calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), from water samples collected in Vattenriket, Kristianstad. It was also studied to see if grounded coffee could be cleaned using a sodium hydroxide solution to increase its adsorption capacity. To be able to evaluate how well it could be used as an adsorbent, it went through two different cleaning procedures and total organic carbon and pH readings was performed. The used method for this paper was to clean the grounded coffee in two different stages. The first stage consisted of using distilled water and letting it run through the residues until the water came out as transparent. Cleaning using a NaOH solution consisted of suspending the residues in a NaOH solution for 45 minutes and swapping the solution 6-8 times. After the grounded coffee had dried in an oven at 30o for 48 hours, it was put into different fraction sizes, weighed and bagged. The water samples then had to be filtered using a pump and Filtropur S 0.45 filters. Lastly, 45 falcon tubes containing 15 different amounts of grounded coffee had 50 ml of filtered water sample added to them. For analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used. The results showed that the maximum amount of adsorbed calcium was achieved at 1.5g of grounded coffee in a 50 ml water solution which managed to adsorb 99.53% of calcium. The maximum amount of adsorbed zinc was achieved at 1.25g of grounded coffee in a 50 ml solution which resulted in 99.16% of adsorbed zinc. The study also showed that when the total organic carbon-content was decreasing, due to excessive cleaning, the pH was increasing. This was further proof that the grounded coffee still had residues onto its surface that could inhibit its adsorption capabilities.

The drive of the EU countries and most of the world towards a circular economy and togenerate zero waste raised a need to study more efficient and less costly treatment processes. The treatment of secondary and by-product fractions to convert them from what is considered waste to a resource will contribute to the movement towards zero waste and circular economy. The fines fraction of construction and demolition waste (CDW) contains high organic materials measured as total organic carbon TOC above the allowed landfilling levels that are allowed for landfilling in Sweden, yet lower organic matter than is required for energy recovery by incineration. The need for new processes to reuse and recycle materials have emphasized the work of thisstudy, this thesis research aims to develop viable, simple treatment methods and pathways ofrecycling systems to convert by-products that are considered waste to reusable and treatable fractions by reducing the total organic carbon TOC. Which have been defined in the researchquestion of this study “How can functional recycling become more effective through the development of innovative treatment pathways for by-products of the recycling system”? and its sub-questions. This study examined a fines fraction from the CDW sorting in Norway using mechanicalseparation methods including single and combined sequential processes of air classificationand float/sink density separation. Using single process batch separation of float/sink had produced a 73.80% weight of the original fines fraction, with reduced TOC from originally 35.54% DM to 4.09% DM which can be considered to be landfilled as non-hazardous provided that it meets all other leachateanalysis criterion, on the other hand, the process produced concentrated the organic carbon inthe float fraction giving a TOC of 40.14% DM to consider treating it with energy recovery. Using a single separation process of high air velocity with the zigzag air classification has lowered the TOC of 19.49% weight of the treated fraction to 1.8% DM from 35.54% DM of the original fines fraction, which can be considered to be landfilled as inert waste if it meetsall other leachate analysis criterion, or can be considered to be used in road base layers, and concentrated the organic carbon in the other fraction to TOC of 19.90% DM that which need further treatment. Using sequential air classification followed by float/sink sequentialseparation produced different low TOC fractions suitable for landfilling in the categoriesinert, non-hazardous, and hazardous waste in Sweden and concentrated the organic content toTOC levels of 20-48% DM TOC which can be considered for energy recovery recycling. The use of sequential density separation processes can lead to better results and can be controlled more to produced better fractions. The conclusion of this study, using float/sink and airclassification separation methods as single or combined sequential processes had successfully produced two fractions firstly the reduced the total organic carbon separated fraction to be suitable the landfilling requirements in Sweden at the same time concentrated the organicmaterial of the other fraction to be suitable for incineration.

This project focus on investigating the dissolution of low water-soluble intermediate organic compounds called active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and organic substances that are manufactured by a pharmaceutical company, Cambrex Karlskoga in Sweden. Several dissolution methods were used and evaluated using methods including total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Microtox toxicity test. The selection of solvents were based on previous studies and specifications from the Swedish Institute of Standards, SIS.The performance of eight solvents for different organic substances were evaluated using the above mentioned methods. Solvents that are highly volatile and have low solubility in water were excluded. Therefore, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) and Pluronic F-68, that had highest water solubility, low acute toxicity and not degradable by microorganisms, were further used to dissolve four organic substances. Furthermore, DMSO and DMF were then also used to dissolve four censored chemicals with addition of physical treatment and solvent mixtures (DMF:DMSO with ratio 1:2).Results from each method were discussed and statistical tests were also performed in order to compare different dissolution methods. In addition, quality control and quality assurance were made in order to ensure the quality of measured values from analytical methods. Four organic substances were dissolve in DMSO, DMF and Pluronic F-68 with dissolution ≥79% using six ratios of DMSO and DMF and five ratios of Pluronic F-68 which were analyzed using TOC. Physical treatment increased dissolution of two APIs with 40%. Using BOD, para-aminobenzonic acid (PABA) and 5-nitroisophthalic acid (5-NIPA) had values higher than the guideline values, which indicate high biodegradability of these organic substances. PABA, 5-NIPA and bupivacaine base were acute toxic where PABA showed EC50 values of 27.9 mg/L using DMSO and 36.0 mg/L using DMF, and EC50 values of 5-NIPA were 102 mg/L using DMSO and 84.0 mg/L using DMF, and bupivacaine base had EC50 value of 174 mg/L using solvent mixture (DMF:DMSO with ratio 1:2). With increasing amount of Pluronic F-68, 5-NIPA had increased values of EC50, thereby Pluronic F-68 was not appropriate to use.In conclusion, DMSO and DMF were most appropriate solvents to use in order to dissolve APIs and organic substances with analyte: DMSO ratio of 1:0.5 and analyte: DMF ratio of 1:0.25. In addition, physical treatment could be used in order to increase dissolution of the APIs.

Theoretical part of the diploma thesis purveys information on drinking water and quality requirements, changes of drinking water quality during distribution and accumulation caused by disinfection, chemical processes, corrosion of constructional materials, incrusting solids, biofilms, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen, sediments in pipelines, elution of harmful matter. Attention was given to drinking water quality indicators which are associated with changes in drinking water distribution systems. In experimental part are studied changes of drinking water quality during distribution on the basis of selected drinking water quality indicators. There is specifically chemical oxygen demand, concentration of iron, manganese, ammonia ions, nitrites, nitrates, chloroform and chlorine. For periodical monitoring were selected suitable locality within the framework of Brno distribution system; for illustration were taken water samples from distribution systems of drinking water treatment plants Švařec, Vír, Štítary and Mostiště. For selected methods of analytical determination of above mentioned drinking water quality indicators are presented their characteristics. Obtained information on drinking water quality is mentioned in tabular and graphical form.

Contables investigaciones sostienen y explican la importancia que poseen las Mypes en la actualidad dentro de un país y el aporte económico que generan a este. En el Perú, uno de los muchos problemas que afrontan las Mypes va relacionada con la baja eficiencia en un entorno muy competitivo, que no solo valora el tiempo de entrega sino también la calidad del producto. Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio de una pequeña empresa fabricante de muebles de melamina, la cual cuenta con problemas de eficiencia en su proceso de producción donde se implementarán las metodologías Lean y TOC con el objetivo de validar su integración y efectividad, creando una ruta hacia su satisfactoria implementación. Mediante la metodología Lean-TOC se busca mejorar los indicadores eficiencia, porcentaje de actividades NVA y variación del Lead Time. Para el cálculo de estos indicadores se plantearon 3 escenarios, de los cuales el último resultó ser el más eficiente de acuerdo al Simulador Arena que nos permite trabajar con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron afirmar que es posible implementar herramientas Lean en empresas con recursos limitados mediante un enfoque TOC, las cuales permitieron que la empresa seleccionada pueda evaluar y controlar sus procesos operativos con la finalidad de incrementar su eficiencia a 50.05%. / Accounting research supports and explains the importance of MSMs today within a country and the economic contribution they generate to it. In Peru, one of the many problems that MSEs face is related to low efficiency in a very competitive environment, which not only values ​​delivery time but also product quality. This article presents a case study of a small melamine furniture manufacturing company, which has efficiency problems in its production process where Lean and TOC methodologies will be implemented in order to validate their integration and effectiveness, creating a route towards its successful implementation. The Lean-TOC methodology seeks to improve the efficiency indicators, percentage of NVA activities and Lead Time variation. For the calculation of these indicators, 3 scenarios were proposed, of which the last one turned out to be the most efficient according to the Arena Simulator, which allows us to work with a confidence level of 95%. The results obtained allowed to affirm that it is possible to implement Lean tools in companies with limited resources through a TOC approach, which allowed the selected company to evaluate and control its operational processes in order to increase its efficiency to 50.05%. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

[pt] Durante o período compreendido entre junho e dezembro de 2014, foram coletadas amostras de MP2.5 e MP10 ao longo da orla marítima do Rio de Janeiro, com a finalidade de caracterizar quimicamente as espécies presentes, identificar as possíveis fontes e avaliar a influência do oceano nas amostras. As amostras foram coletadas por um período de 24 h utilizando Hi-Vol e filtros de fibra de vidro e quartzo. A massa do material particulado (MP) foi determinada por gravimetria. Os filtros com MP foram extraídos com água e/ou HNO3. O extrato ácido foi analisado por Espectrometria de Massas com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado para a determinação de onze elementos. O extrato aquoso foi analisado por Cromatografia Iônica e Carbono Orgânico Total, para a determinação de íons inorgânicos e de ácidos orgânicos e carbono orgânico. As maiores concentrações de íons inorgânicos, foram obtidas para SO42->Na+>NO3->Cl->C2O42- na maioria das estações monitoradas. Em MP2,5 correlações acima de 0,7 foram observadas entre os íons NO3- e SO42-, além disso, estes aníons também apresentaram coeficientes de correlação significativos com o NH4+, sugerindo fontes antrópicas e a formação de aerossóis secundários. Por outro lado, no MP10 foi possível observar a contribuição marinha nas amostras, através das correlações fortes, entre o Na+, principal traçador de água de mar, com o Cl-, Mg2+ e Ca2+. Finalmente, através da fração mássica reconstituída se observou que as fontes naturais, representadas pelo aporte do solo e do sal marinho contribuem com cerca do 50 porcento dos aerossóis nas duas frações, apresentando maiores porcentagens no MP10, enquanto que, os aerossóis secundários predominam no MP2,5. / [en] During the period between June and December of 2014, was collected samples of PM2.5 and PM10 along the seafront of Rio de Janeiro, in order to chemically characterize the species present, identify the possible sources and evaluate the influence of the ocean in the samples. The samples were collected for a 24 h period using Hi-Vol and quartz and glass fiber filters. The particulate material (PM) mass was determined by gravimetry. The filters with PM were extracted with water and/or HNO3. The acid extract was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the determination of eleven elements. The aqueous extract was analyzed by Ionic Chromatography and Total Organic Carbon, for the determination of inorganic ions and organic acids and organic carbon. The highest inorganic ions concentrations were obtained for SO42->Na+>NO3->Cl-->C2O42- in most of the monitored stations. In PM2,5 correlations were observed above 0,7 between the ions NO3- and SO42-, furthermore, this anions also showed significant correlation coefficients with NH4+, suggesting anthropogenic sources and the formation of secondary aerossols. On the other hand, in PM10 was possible to observed the marine contribution in the samples, through the strong correlations, between o Na+, major tracer of seawater, with Cl-, Mg2+ e Ca2+. Finally, through the reconstituted mass fraction it was observed that the natural sources, represented by land and sea salt contributes about 50 percent of the aerossol in the two fractions, showing higher percentages in the PM10, while, the secondary aerossol prevail in the PM2,5.

Produced water is the largest waste product by volume in the oil industry and its treatment in onshore or offshore fields poses bigger and different challenges than what water engineers are used to encounter. Process to achieve reuse quality of this water is very expensive with many technical hurdles to overcome making the optimization of the treatment steps necessary. Electrocoagulation (EC) generates coagulants in-situ responsible for destabilizing oil droplets, suspended particles, and common pollutant in produced water. Furthermore, EC is a very efficient technology compared with traditional primary treatments used in the oil & gas industry and has several advantages such as: no hazardous chemical handling (which diminishes the risk of accident and logistic costs), high efficiency potential concerning boron removal, potential small footprint and less sludge generation. In this research, the treatment of produced water using EC was investigated in a practical manner for the oilfield to aim for a cleaner effluent for further processing and help to achieve a reuse quality. For this, an EC cell was designed using different parameters normally used in the literature to fit this scenario. After preliminary tests, the treatment time was set to 3 seconds. Response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the operating conditions for TOC removal on a broad quality of synthetic produced water while varying: salinity, initial oil concentration and initial pH. TOC was chosen to be the main response because of its importance in legislation and sensibility on the method. Furthermore, turbidity removal, change of pH value after EC in water with lack of buffer capacity, aluminum concentration and preliminary tests involving boron removal and influence of hydrogen carbonate were also studied. Real produced water was treated with EC to assess the optimum conditions obtained by the RSM showing the results were closely related. Finally, an estimation of volume required and operating cost for EC in the different types of produced water was made to assess how realistic it is for onshore and offshore applications.:ERKLÄRUNG DES PROMOVENDEN I ACKNOLEDGEMENT III ABSTRACT V TABLE OF CONTENT VII LIST OF FIGURES IX LIST OF TABLES X LIST OF EQUATIONS XII ABBREVIATIONS XIV 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PRODUCED WATER 6 2.1 Characterization of Oilfield Produced Water 6 2.2 Produced Water Management 10 2.2.1 Discharge and Regulations 10 2.2.2 Efforts on Reuse 11 2.2.3 Cost 14 3. PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT 17 3.1 Most Common Primary Treatment 17 3.1.1 Hydrocyclones 17 3.1.2 Flotation unit 18 3.2 Further Water Treatment Technologies 19 3.2.1 Membrane Process 19 3.2.1.1 Microfiltration 19 3.2.1.2 Ultrafiltration 21 3.2.1.3 Nanofiltration 23 3.2.1.4 Reverse Osmosis 24 3.2.1.5 Forward osmosis 24 3.2.2 Electrodialysis 25 3.2.3 Biological treatment 28 3.2.3.1 Aerobic and anaerobic process 28 3.2.3.2 Combining membrane and bio-reactor 29 3.2.4 Oxidative process 30 3.2.4.1 Oxidation process 30 3.2.4.2 Anodic oxidation 32 3.2.5 Thermal technology 34 3.2.5.1 Evaporation 34 3.2.5.2 Eutectic freeze crystallization 35 3.2.6 Adsorption and ion-exchange 36 3.3 Electrocoagulation 39 3.3.1 Colloidal Stability Theory 39 3.3.2 Theory of Electrocoagulation 40 3.3.3 Mechanism of Abatement of Impurities 44 3.3.4 Operational parameters and efficiency 49 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS 51 4.1 Analytical Techniques and Synthetic Solutions 51 4.1.1 Analytical Techniques 51 4.1.2 Synthetic Produced Water 51 4.2 Design of Experiment and Models 54 4.3 Experimental Protocol for EC 56 4 .4 Development of the new Electrocoagulation cell 57 4.5 Real Produced water 58 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59 5.1 Designing EC Cell Process 59 5.1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics for EC manufacturing 59 5.2 Preliminary Experiments 61 5.2.1 TOC Removal and Residence Time Determination 61 5.2.2 Aluminum Concentration 64 5.3 Models Quality and Range of Validity 66 5.3.1 TOC Removal 66 5.3.2 Turbidity Removal 69 5.3.3 Final pH value 71 5.3.4 Ionic Strength and Interpolation for Different Salinities 73 5.3.5 Partial Conclusions 76 5.4 Evolution of the Final pH Value 78 5.5 Operation Region for Effective Treatment of Produced Water with EC 80 5.5.1 Produced Water with Low Salinity 80 Organic Compounds Removal 80 Turbidity Removal 83 5.5.2 Produced Water with Medium Salinity 84 Organic Compounds Removal 84 Turbidity Removal 86 5.5.3 Produced Water with High Salinity 87 Organic Compounds Removal 87 5.6 Influence of Hydrogen Carbonate 90 5.7 Real Produced water 91 5.8 Boron Removal 93 5.9 Estimation of the Size for EC in Full scale 94 5.10 Produced Water with Very Low Salinity and EC 95 5.11 Estimation of Operation Cost 96 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 98 6.1 Conclusion 98 6.2 Recommendations for Future Work 101 Scale up on EC for upstream 101 Further processing and reuse 101 Online optimization for EC 101 Recommendations for any research related to upstream produced water 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY 102 APPENDIX A 117 APPENDIX B 120

Le Trouble obsessionnel-compulsif (TOC) de l’enfant et de l’adolescent est un trouble fréquent mais encore peu reconnu. Le traitement de première intention est la thérapie cognitive et comportementale (TCC). Les objectifs de cette étude sont de démontrer la faisabilité d’un protocole de TCC en population clinique et de montrer l’évolution symptomatique pendant 18 mois. Neuf patients présentant un TOC âgés de 6 à 16 ans ont reçu 12 séances hebdomadaires de TCC. Une évaluation est réalisée avant et après le traitement puis tous les 6 mois pendant 18 mois, elle comprend la mesure des TOC (CY BOCS), également des symptômes anxieux (ECAP), de dépression (CDI), une échelle de fonctionnement global (C GAS) et d’amélioration (CGI). Trois subtests du WISC IV permettent d’analyser les capacités attentionnelles. Résultats : les patients s’améliorent de 46% à la CY BOCS après la TCC, de 69% à 18 mois. Les variations intra-individuelles montrent des profils évolutifs différents : réponse très rapide puis rémission, amélioration retardée suivie de rémission ou amélioration puis rechute. Un seul patient n’est pas répondeur. Un changement psychologique dans une optique différentielle et intra individuelle, par des techniques de ré échantillonage (Bootstrap) et de comparaison des profils (test de Kolmogorov-Smirnof) est observé pour les patients les plus sévèrement atteints initialement. Conclusions : Un protocole de TCC dans le TOC de l’enfant et de l’adolescent est réalisable en population clinique. L’efficacité est montrée et se poursuit pendant les 18 mois. La TCC permet une amélioration globale (CGI, C GAS), symptomatique (CY BOCS, ECAP, CDI) et cognitive (WISC IV). / Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent but a not usually recognized trouble. The first –line treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Objective : To demonstrate the feasibility of CBT protocol delivered in an outpatient community-based clinic and to evaluate clinic symptoms at 18 months follow-up. Nine participants (age 6-16 years) received 12 CBT weekly sessions. Assessment is realized at pre and post treatment, and every 6 months during 18 months, including symptoms of TOC (CY BOC), of anxiety(ECAP), of depression ((CDI), global functioning (C GAS) and improvement (CGI). Three WISC IV subtests allow attentional capacity analysis. Results: patients improvements are : 46% at post treatment, and 69% at 18 months follow up. The intra-individual variations show differents evolutionary profiles : quick response and remission, delayed improvement followed by remission or improvement followed by relapse. Only one is non responder. A psychological change in a differential and intra-individual optical, with sample rate (Bootstrap) and profiles comparaison (test de Kolmogorov-Smirnof) is observed for the pre treatment more severe patients. Conclusions : CBT protocol of OCD in children and adolescent is feasible in community-base clinic. Efficiency is showed and continues during 18 months. CBT allows global (CGI, C GAS), symptom (CY BOCS, ECAP, CDI) and cognitive (WISC IV) improvements.

L'objectif de ce travail a consisté à identifier des polluants émergents dans des eaux usées issues de stations d'épuration ainsi que dans le milieu naturel et à proposer une méthode de remédiation et un suivi de ces polluants. Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifié les polluants organiques contenus dans les échantillons d'eaux usées et issues du milieu naturel par chromatographie en phase liquide ou gazeuse couplée à une spectrométrie de masse, chromatographie en phase gazeuse par espace de tête statique et par spectrométrie par torche à plasma couplée à une spectrométrie de masse. Différents polluants ont été trouvés tels que les phtalates, des substances médicamenteuses, le cholestérol et des éléments de traces métalliques. Dans le but de piéger ces polluants, différents polymères de cyclodextrine (CD) solubles et insolubles dans l'eau ont été synthétisés et leurs capacités d'adsorption ont été évaluées. Après adsorption sur les polymères de CD, nous avons observé une diminution de la teneur en carbone organique total (COT) de l'effluent. Ces polymères se sont révélés être des adsorbants efficaces. Dans un second temps, des verres du système pseudo-ternaire Agl-HgS-As₂S₃ ont été synthétisés en ajoutant le composé le composé Agl dans le système pseudo-binaire HgS-As₂S₃. Ces verres de chalcogénures sont des membranes ionosélectives permettant de détecter les ions Hg²⁺ dans les effluents. Tout d'abord, nous avons défini le domaine vitreux des verres à l'aide de la diffraction des rayons X, ensuite les propriétés macroscopiques des verres ont été déterminées. Ainsi, les propriétés de transport ont été étudiées à l'aide de la spectroscopie d'impédance complexe montrant que l'ajout d'Agl dans le verre pseudo-binaire HgS-As₂S₃ provoque une augmentation de la conductivité ionique. Afin de comprendre ce phénomène, diverses études structurales ont été déployées par spectroscopie Raman, diffraction de neutrons et de rayon X haute énergie. Ces techniques ont montré que l'évolution de la conductivité ionique est dépendante de la structure du verre qui forme des chemins préférentiels de conduction. Enfin, différents capteurs avec différentes compositions sont testés afin de définir la sensibilité, la limite de détection et les coefficients de sélectivité en présence d'ions interférents. / The aim of this work was to identify the emerging pollutants in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants as well as in the natural environment, and to propose a method of remediation and monitoring of these pollutants. In the first part of the thesis, we have identified the organic pollutants contained in the wastewater samples using (i) gas and/or liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry, (ii) static-headspace gas chromatography, and (iii) inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Different pollutants were found such as phthalates, drugs, cholesterol, and heavy metal traces. In order to trap these pollutants, various water soluble/insoluble cyclodextrin β-CD polymers have been synthesized and their adsorption capacities were evaluated. After the analysis of the effluent samples, we observed a decrease of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC). This decrease was attributed to the adsorption of pollutant by CD polymers which have proven to be effective adsorbents. The second part of the thesis included two main sub-parts : (i) a synthesis and characterization part and (ii) an application part. In the first sub-part, chalcogenide glasses in the pseudo-ternary Agl-HgS-As₂S₃ system have been synthesized by adding silver iodide "Agl" to the quasi-binary HgS-As₂S₃ system. The vitreous domain and the macroscopic properties of glass samples were determined. Electrical conductivity of glasses was studied using both the complex impedance spectroscopy and resistivity measurements ; it was found that adding Agl to the quasi-binary HgS-As₂S₃ alloy causes an increase in the ionic conductivity. Structural studies, using various techniques as Raman spectroscopy, neutron scattering and high-energy X-ray diffraction, have been performed in order to decipher the relation between both structural and transport properties in these glasses. In the second sub-part, the obtained glasses in the ternary system were used as membranes in chemical sensors dedicated to mercury detection in aqueous solution. As a result, various sensors with different compositions were tested to determine their corresponding sensitivity, detection limit and selectivity coefficients in the presence of interfering ions.