Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelin_Valeirao.pdf: 652146 bytes, checksum: 50056be4ea89a74f0d4e0d308a568f9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / This thesis seeks to reflect on how the power governamentality relation can contribute to today s educational praxis, based on Foucault s thought categories. From the understanding that the questioning Was ist Aufklärung? guides the diagnosis of Foucault s philosophy in a present-day ontology, we go back in philosophy history and propose that, while Kant elaborates the present from the Aufklärung concept, Foucault lays the foundation of his critical genealogy on the neologism governamentality , which is power technology operating at its full, a research tool, a lens that allows us to see how safety devices work. Leading the discussion towards Education, we realize that the educational praxis is a new way to guide children s behavior nowadays. It is not, however, something entirely detached from the educational praxis that existed until then, typical of a disciplinary society. We should not understand such passages as compartmentalized substitutions from one society to another, once realizing the present we live in a clearer way demands the perception of the shift from a disciplinary society towards a control one, as well as the study of the way this movement is connected, not only to a specific manner of conducting people s behavior but also linked to the so-called education crisis . It seems that today s educational praxis acts as a device that works in harmony with a specific governamentality model. Thus, on thinking of the connection between governamentality and educational praxis today, we realize that the latter is to be found inside a discursive order which supports control society governamentality, and is in turn supported by the former. / Esta Dissertação busca, amparada em categorias do pensamento de Michel Foucault, pensar como a articulação entre poder e governamentalidade contribui para pensar a práxis educacional hoje. A partir do entendimento de que a pergunta Was ist Aufklärung? é a problematização que orienta o diagnóstico da filosofia de Foucault numa ontologia do presente, retrocedo na história da filosofia e proponho pensar que enquanto Kant pensa o seu presente a partir do conceito de Aufklärung, Foucault alicerça sua genealogia crítica no neologismo governamentalidade . Este último é uma tecnologia de poder em pleno funcionamento, uma ferramenta de pesquisa, uma lente que permite enxergar como operam os dispositivos de seguridade. Levando esta discussão para a Educação, percebo que a práxis educacional hoje constitui-se numa nova maneira de conduzir a conduta das crianças. Não se trata, entretanto, de algo absolutamente apartado da práxis educacional que vigorava até então, tipicamente na sociedade disciplinar. Não devemos compreender tais passagens como substituições compartimentalizadas de uma sociedade a outra, uma vez que perceber com maior nitidez o presente em que vivemos exige a percepção do deslocamento da sociedade disciplinar para a sociedade de controle, assim como o estudo da forma como este movimento está vinculado não somente a uma maneira específica de conduzir a conduta das pessoas, mas também ligado à chamada crise da educação . Ao que parece, a práxis educacional hoje atua como um dispositivo que funciona em plena sintonia com uma determinada forma de governamentalidade. Assim, ao pensar na articulação entre governamentalidade e práxis educacional hoje, percebo que esta última se coloca dentro de uma ordem discursiva que dá sustentação à governamentalidade da sociedade de controle, assim como é por ela sustentada.

Examining how different media news outlets frame the same situation is an important step towards understanding how the world’s media systems behave. This study examines how four influential news media outlets, belonging to different media systems, have framed Sweden's management of the Covid-19 pandemic during two time-periods when the Covid-19 virus surged. These two media systems are state owned news outlets, consisting of RT (previously Russia Today) and Xinhua, and commercial news outlets, through BBC News and the New York Times.ThestudyusesadeductiveFramingTheorymethod,asdefinedbySemetkoand Valkenburg (2000), to understand how the framing of this case differs between the two media systems. Beyond Framing Theory, the theoretical framework is extended by including the Propaganda Model (Durham and Kellner 2012; Fuchs 2018) and Nation Branding (Potter 2009), to further understand the contextual forces that influence the news outlets. The results of the study determines that there are differences in the use of framing between the two media systems as well as where they stem from. This implies that the context in which the outlet finds itself impacts the framing of the produced articles. Overall, Attribution of Responsibility proved to be the most common frame, followed by Conflict framing. The first one wasmostcommoninthestateownedoutlets,whereasConflictwasmostcommonforthe commercial news outlets.

In January 2020, the world heard about a new virus, Covid-19, that soon reached around theentire globe. Covid-19 became a global challenge that would lead to widespread restrictionsin the name of prevention – and debates about weather states were doing the right thing. Thispaper looks at the outbreak in Germany and Russia and compares what measures have beentaken to contain the pandemic, and how one Russian state media outlet has interpreted theseactions. A qualitative analysis will be conducted to determine how the state-affiliated newsprovider Russia Today Deutsch framed the situation in Germany and Russia and which voicesthey treated as salient as the pandemic progressed to a German speaking audience. It will beshown that Russia Today Deutsch has different approaches between the two countries: while itcriticises the German government, it praises the Russian state to institute near identicalmeasures.

The main purpose of this study was to compare how the Step-by-Step™ (S-b-S) and the newly developed How Was School Today (HWST) prototype can support participation in narrative activities for a 10-year-old boy with complex communication needs (CCN) when he interacts with two typically developed peers. The researchers wanted to find out how the use of the different communication aids affected interaction. The S-b-S is a low technology communication device with a voice recording function. The HWST prototype is a simulation of the HWST system, which is a high technology system that automatically collects information and creates stories about what the user has done in school. The researchers focused on different aspects of gaze and questions as vital communicative practices for the boy‟s involvement in the interaction, and hence, thestory telling activity. The data was analysed mainly qualitatively with conversation analysis (CA). A descriptive quantitative analysis was also developed. The results indicate that the HWST prototype provides a framework for establishment of joint orientation towards the prototype and questions about it. The S-b-S on the other hand creates a context in which it is easier to establish eye contact. There is an uneven distribution of questions with a much higher frequency in the session where the HWST prototype was used. There are not many studies on narrative ability in children with CCN together with peers. Future research on shared stories in natural environments is suggested. / Denna studies huvudsyfte var att jämföra hur kommunikationshjälpmedlen Step-by-Step™ (S-b-S) och den nyligen utvecklade How Was School Today-prototypen (HWST) kan stödja deltagandet i berättandeaktiviteter för en 10-årig pojke med komplexa kommunikativa behov när han interagerar med två typiskt utvecklade kamrater. Forskarna ville ta reda på hur användandet av de olika kommunikationshjälpmedlen påverkade interaktionen. S-b-S är ett lågteknologiskt kommunikationshjälpmedel med röstinspelningsfunktion. HWST-prototypen är en simulering av HWST-systemet, som är ett högteknologiskt system som automatisk samlar in information och skapar berättelser om vad användaren har gjort i skolan. Forskarnas fokuserade på olika aspekter av blickriktning och frågor, som centrala kommunikativa praktiker för pojkens involvering i interaktionen, och därmed i berättandet. Data analyserades främst kvalitativt med metoden samtalsanalys. Det utvecklades även en deskriptiv kvantitativ analys. Resultaten visar att HWSTprototypen förser samtalet med ett ramverk som underlättar etablerandet av gemensam orientering till prototypen och frågor som rör den. S-b-S skapar å andra sidan en kontext i vilken det är lättare att utveckla ögonkontakt. Det är en ojämn fördelning av frågor, med en mycket högre frekvens i sessionen där HWST-prototypen användes. Det finns inte många studier om narrativ förmåga hos barn med CCN i samtal med kamrater. Framtida studier av berättande i naturliga miljöer föreslås. / "How was School today…?" in the Wild

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study assumes the theoretical framework of text construction as advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) for the analysis of Sepedi texts of government speeches from the magazine: ANC TODAY. The theory that is used in this study invokes the linguistic elements that can be used by both the teachers and learners to critically analyse texts in classrooms. This genre-theoretic approach is employed as framework, for analysing the linguistic, rhetorical and discourse properties for Sepedi texts. It also addresses the parameters of the ethnography of writing advanced by Grabe and Kaplan: "who writes what to whom, for what purpose, why, when and how?' The text construction analysis executed in the study enable the learners to acquire skills, knowledge and values of outcomes-based language teaching. The information structuring of text analysis and construction enables learners to write, read and use language structure and conventions for learning and career pathways. The textlinguistic strategies for analysing written texts in language teaching enables learners to analyse texts successfully and gain an awareness of language use in texts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie aanvaar die teoretiese raamwerk van tekskonstruksie soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996) in die analise van Sepedi tekste van regeringstoesprake uit die tydskrif ANC TODAY. Die teorie wat aanvaar word, gebruik die linguistiese elemente wat aangewend kan word deur taalonderwysers sowel as taalleerders om tekste krities te ontleed. Die genre-teoretiese benadering word ingespan as raamwerk vir die analise van die linguistiese, retoriese, en diskoerskenmerke van Sepedi tekste. Dit spreek ook die etnografie van skryf, soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan, aan: wie skryf wat aan wie, vir watter doel, wanneer, waarom, en hoe. Die tekskonstruksie analise uitgevoer in hierdie studie stel leerders in staat om vaardighede, kennis en waardighede van uitkoms-gebaseerde taalonderrig te verwerf. Die informasie strukturering in teksanalise stel leerders in staat om te lees, skryf en praat in hulle toekomstige beroepe. Die tekslinguistiese strategieë vir die analise van geskrewe tekste in taalonderrig stel leerders in staat om tekste suksesvol te ontleed en 'n bewussyn te ontwikkel van taalgebruik in tekste.

The title of the presented thesis is The Media Image of the Czech Republic in the English-speaking World. The media image of the Czech Republic is analyzed in three different English-written newspapers. The chosen newspapers are USA Today, The Daily Mail and The Australian. The overall goal of the thesis is to compare media images which are constructed by defined periodicals and it is reached by checking of the hypotheses which are defined in the introduction and thanks to the comparison of data gathered during the research. The theoretical part of the thesis anchors the work itself within contemporary theories and academic approaches. The news production with international news flows included are described in the theoretical chapter along with stereotypes and their relation to media images. The whole chapter is ended by subchapter about hard and soft news and subchapter about evaluation in media. The analytical part of the thesis begins with a description of a used research method and a definition of used data. Subsequently, there is a detailed description of used variables. The very last part of the whole paper presents complex results of the research, the hypotheses are proved or falsified and the differences among the media image of the analyzed newspapers are described.

As immigration turns into the scapegoat of political and social tensions all over the world and politicians that seem to be talking about migration flows communicate instead their conception of the world and where it should head, this study investigates the refugee crisis of 2015 as represented in the two global television channels RT and BBCW. Widely studied for the depiction the press gives of the refugees, for the first time the refugee crisis is analyzed as an arena where competing understandings of international relations are constructed, in a media ecology where a myriad of actors have a chance to foreground their truth and where wars are fought, and possibly won, through the weapons of values, culture and the attraction they exercise (Nye Jr. 1990, 2013). Borrowing the concept of strategic narratives from international relations (Miskimmon et al. 2013) and applying it to textual analysis, the study employs framing analysis to operationalize it and explores a sample of 144 news items (74 from RT and 70 from BBCW) broadcast in August and September 2015 to retrace the narratives of the two channels. It finds out that, although conflicting with each other, both RT’s and BBCW’s narratives are strategic and aim at constructing a past, present and future of international relations that can influence what we expect, consider acceptable or conceivable on the international theater. The channels’ narratives are about the destiny of Europe and countries, depicting a reality that still responds to old Cold War dividing lines. An analysis of the actors allowed to speak and represented as acting confirms that in RT and BBCW political elites and the nations they represent have a greater chance, compared to other actors, to define international politics and shape shared understandings of how international relations works and where it is heading.

No description available.

In the information age, media has come to be recognized as a credible mean and foreign policy tool to pursue soft power. Authoritarian states like Russia are competing in the realm of ideas through state-funded news outlets such as Russia Today (RT). This by reaching out to global and foreign public spheres and by reporting on an alternative reality of events, issues and problems. This thesis studies the role of the media news outlet RT as a mean to promote Russian soft power. This with a focus on how the channel attempts to persuade and attract an international audience based on the construction of a compelling narrative. To approach this theme empirically, a media frame analysis is conducted utilizing five news frames including; morality, human interest, responsibility, conflict and economic consequences. The overall results suggest that RT attracts and persuades largely by providing an alternative Russian perspective on events, issues or problems. It attracts by appealing both in the direction of the western- and eastern world. It appeals to the west by emphasizing how the West needs Russia to find answers to the pressing issues in global politics. It appeals to the east by suggesting an alternative model of development. RT attempts to persuade are made through the construction of counter-narratives which delegitimizes the Western approach in international affairs. The channel devotes efforts to boost these narratives by selective news porting and handpicking statements made by intellectuals from the perceived “other” western camp.

The first part of this thesis is addressing the general characteristics of volleyball including the game content and its mechanics. In the next part, the author aims to describe the important events of the volleyball history both in the world and in the Czech Republic specifically. The main part of the paper contains detailed information about the evolution of volleyball rules together with the most important adjustments from the beginning until today, in chronological order. The final part of the thesis compares the development of several chosen rules, outlining their advantages, disadvantages, and potential impacts on the game. Keywords: volleyball, rules, development, history, beginning, today, the Czech Republic, world