Predators often have strong top-down effects on ecosystems and are considered a priority for conservation and management. Predator activity can influence prey distribution, abundance, and foraging behaviors and are likely to influence habitat by impacting ecological and environmental characteristics as well as presence of competitor species. There are knowledge gaps of the functional diversity of fish assemblages, non-consumptive predator effects, and environmental effects on fish assemblages. With this study, effects of top marine predators, such as sharks and great barracuda, on diversity and abundance of prey communities were examined in putative low (north side of South Bimini = lagoon) and high-risk (south side of South Bimini = flat) areas around South Bimini, The Bahamas. Baited remote underwater video surveys (BRUVs) deployed in the nearshore habitat captured abundance and potential predator-prey interactions. Predator and prey abundances at each site were compared to determine potential risk affect within high and low risk environments. A general baseline of predator and prey species was established throughout six months of observation (January- June 2018). Results showed a difference in prey communities between high and low risk habitats. Teleost abundance was highest on the south side of South Bimini. There were no differences in flight behavior of prey from predator (sharks vs barracuda). Longitude, depth, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were significantly linked to biotic assemblages. The identification of significant factors influencing predator-prey interaction is important in understanding community composition and for future implementation of conservation and management practices pertaining to nearby mangrove and seagrass habitats.

The diploma thesis discusses the potential of interpretation of typographical language LATEX and describes the structure of this language, its functions and their syntax. Also it analyses possibilities of LaTeX interpretation into HTML (HyperText Markup Language), in order to create typographically accurate publications, which could be viewed by common web browser. The solution concept and outlines of possible problems follows.

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Der von der Firma ibb durch Herrn Mirko Krimmel geplante Vortrag im Rahmen der Saxsim 2014, umfasst die Vorgehensweise zur Entwicklung einer Getriebebaureihe als Top-Down Design. Dabei werden die Bauteilauslegungen und Festigkeitsberechnungen mit Mathcad nach der FKM-Richtlinie 2012 vorgestellt, sowie die Möglichkeit gezeigt, Mathcad als übergreifendes Steuerelement für das Skelettmodell nutzen zu können. Weitere Punkte des Vortrags behandeln die Auslegung und Simulation des Gehäuses und der Gesamtbaugruppe mit Creo Simulate 2.0. Anhand der Überprüfung des Verdrehwinkels an der Abtriebsseite infolge von elastischer Verformung der einzelnen Bauteile, zeigen die Stärken des Programms. Eine parallel zur Entwicklung laufende Simulation mit MDX bestätigte die in Mathcad errechneten Werte und lieferte so gleichzeitig eine Verifizierung der 3D-Daten. Referierende Person ist Herr Mirko Krimmel (interne Konstruktion in Petersberg).

Previous literature often argues that acquisitions are used as a tool for growth, and the value creation derives from the combination of businesses through synergy effects and the economies of scale. In the same academical and theoretical context, there is often a discussion on growth with a more organically approach, where the value comes throughresource utilization and internal efficiency. There is a broad range of research in the area,focusing on the impact of different types of growth strategies. More emphasis has been on inorganic growth. Hence, is there a superior combination of both, and how will each strategy impact the value creation for different types of stakeholders through internal and external efficiency. Previous results are not always harmonious regarding the relationship between the two growth strategies and the efficiency of a company. This study has focused on examining the relationship with a broad range of industries using accounting measures to answer the research question: What are the effects of organic and inorganic growth on operating efficiency and bargaining power? For the thesis, panel data analysis has been used which includes 8675 specific firm-year observed values from companies that is publicly listed in Sweden. The collected archival data has been tested through OLS regressions with fixed effects. Throughout the thesis and conducted research, a positivist paradigm has been used under a deductive approach. Emphasis is placed on previous literature and studies for more accurate statistical results. Further contributions to theoretical literature and the scientific research community have been added. This thesis has been analyzing empirical results using Resource-based view along with the Stakeholder- and Shareholder theory. With the conclusion that there is a significant relationship between organic growth and operating efficiency. On the other hand, it cannot be concluded that there is a relationship between inorganic growth and bargaining power. In addition, the relationship between growth strategy and efficiency measures will depend on which industry the company operates in.

Punching shear is a failure mechanism caused by concentrated loads, creating a crack pattern that resembles a cone shape or piece of pie starting from the top surface of the slab and prolongs downwards. When the total shear force is greater than the shear resistance of the slab, it may eventually lead to punching shear failure. It can be visualized as the column punches through the slab. Punching shear is very brittle and occurs all of a sudden. It is believed that the slab is subjected to hogging moments over the column in both directions, i.e. parallel and perpendicular to the free edge. Non-linear finite element analyses (NLFEA) has been used to study the cracking and failure mechanism for the reinforced slab. It is a slab over the edge support without clamping stiffness, therefore simulating the slab shear mechanism over a slender steel column is carried out in this study. The analyses has been performed using the software ATENA 3D Engineering developed by Červenka Consulting. Since the symmetry has been taken into account over an edge column, only one half of the cross-section has been modeled, with a symmetry line passing vertically through the slab and column. It can be summarized that the failure encountered around the column has a conical shape crack pattern similar to the ones encountered when punching shear occurs. However, it is important to note that this failure is not due to classic punching shear, but instead due to shear cracks developing around the column in both directions, both parallel and perpendicular to the free-edge. Three models (C1, C2, and C3) are studied to evaluate the impact that the length of the lower leg of the c-bar reinforcement has during failure. As mentioned earlier above, the crack propagation during punching shear begins from the upper surface of the slab and prolongs downwards diagonally towards the bottom of the slab and adjacent to the column. However, the crack propagation in the strip perpendicular to the free edge in all three models initiate from the bottom and propagate upwards. It can be concluded that the length reduction of the lower leg of the c-bars as a consequence reduced the shear strength capacity of the slab around the steel-plate. The reason for this is due to a reduction in maximum peak load when the lower leg of the c-bars were reduced. Consequently, this leads to a decrease in shear strength capacity of the slab and an earlier failure, where the inner-span was not able to take additional loads which could have led to greater deflections. / Genomstansning är en brottmekanism orsakad av koncentrerade laster, vilket skapar ett sprickmönster i likhet med en konfrom ellet en bit av paj som börjar från den övre ytan av plattan och förlängs nedåt. När den totala skjuvkraften är större än skjuvmotståndet i plattan , kan det så småningom leda till ett genomstansningsbrott. Det kan visualiseras som att pelaren stansar eller slår igenom plattan. Genomstansning är ett mycket sprött brott och inträffar helt plötsligt. Det antas att plattan utsätts för negativt moment ovanför pelaren i båda riktningarna, d.v.s såväl parallellt som vinkelrät mot den fria kanten. Icke-linjära finita elementanalyser (NLFEA) har använts för att studera sprickbildnings och brottmekanismen för den förstärkta plattan. Det är en platta över kantstödet utan någon fast inspänd styvhet, därför simuleras skjuvmekanismen för plattan över en slank stålpelare i denna studie. Analyserna har utförts med programvaran ATENA 3D Engineering som utvecklats av Červenka Consulting. Eftersom hänsyn har tagits till symmetrin över en kantpelare har endast halva tvärsnittet modellerats, med en symmetrilinje som går vertikalt genom plattan och pelaren. Det kan sammanfattas att brottet som påträffas runt pelaren har en konisk form med ett sprickamönster som liknar de som påträffas vid genomstansning. Det är dock viktigt att notera att detta brott inte orsakats av klassisk genomstansning, utan istället på grund av skjuvsprickor som utvecklast runt pelaren i båda riktningarna, såväl parallellt som vinkelrät mot den fria kanten. Som det tidigare nämnts ovanför börjar sprickan vid genomstansning från plattans övre yta och förlängs nedåt diagonalt mot bottenplattan och intill pelaren. Sprickmönstret i remsan vinkelrät mot den fria kanten i alla tre modellerna (C1, C2 och C3) initierar dock från botten och sprids uppåt. Slutsatsen kan dras att längdminskningen av c-stängernas underben minskade skjuvhållfastheten hos betongplattan runt pelaren. Anledningen till detta beror på en minskning av maximal toppbelastning när c-stängernas underben reducerades. Följaktligen leder detta till en minskning av skjuvhållfastheten och ett tidigare brott, där den inre spännvidden inte kunda ta ytterligare belastningar som kunde ha lett till större nedböjningar.

This study compared the narratives presented by government officials’ to the people in Sweden and Australia regarding the Covid-19 Pandemic. Government officials form the first line of communication and set the scene for further communication, contributing to peoples understanding of reality. This study investigated the first layer of communication to the nation in a global crisis. Comparing and contrasting cross cultural narratives that addressed the same global phenomenon yielded new knowledge about how narratives are told and can set the foundation for further communication and meaning making in the public.This study investigated communication to the nation to discover if the narrative differ or share commonalities between Australia and Sweden -two countries with significantly different strategies to handling the Covid-19 outbreak to the purpose of gaining deeper knowledge of how narration from national leaders is shaped and inform public meaning making.Method: Narrative Content Analysis (Content analysis, Narrative Analysis, Grounded Theory)Theory: Narrative Theory

Between February 1st and March 16th 2023 sixteen qualitative research interviews wereconducted with deans, vicars and priests of both the Catholic Church in Sweden and theEvangelical-Lutheran Church of Sweden with the aim to compare how they look at their religiousleadership, and what their answers might say about their respective theological traditions using asuggested theory called Comparative Lived Theology. The main research findings rendered fromthese interviews may be divided into the following three sections: firstly, top-down and bottom-upleadership approaches in a religious setting is descriptive of the structure of the religiousorganisations. Secondly, the fact that Evangelical-Lutheranism is a majority religious tradition inSweden sets it apart from minority traditions such as Catholicism, and this affects the religiousleadership. Thirdly, the interviews generated a notion that party politics plays a different role in thestructure of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Sweden than it does in the Catholic Church in Sweden.

Abstract The international UN-led peacebuilding mission MINUSMA has been deployed in Mali since 2013 and was initially rather successful. The mission managed to support the government with stabilization and a peace agreement that ended the conflict between the north and the south. However, since 2017 the situation has deteriorated in the presence of MINUSMA. Violence has escalated and several new communal conflicts have emerged primarily in the central regions where Islamist groups have gained ground, and there have been two more coup d’états and the government have been carrying out human rights violations against civilians. By 2023 the people of Mali and the current military government has demanded the mission to withdraw and leave the country. This study set out to understand why civilians oppose international peacebuilding and made a comparative case study of three regions in Mali, Koulikoro in the south, Mopti in the central and Gao in northeastern Mali looking at how opposition against MINUSMA has changed between 2017-2020. The study found that reasons for opposition are multilayered and stem from both historical and contemporary events and experiences. Moreover, the study found that despite substantial research on the importance of including civil society in peacebuilding processes, most civilians, groups and communities have been left out of the peace process and instead the approach has been mainly top-down with MINUSMA supporting the Malian government. The problematic aspect of this is that the government did not support its own people. The study suggest that international peacebuilding must be more context-sensitive and understand the history and root causes of the conflicts to successfully support a country with peacebuilding in order to avoid a situation where the civilian population oppose the mission instead of being included, engaged and committed to the peace process.