A aderência entre os investimentos das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPCs) e as características dos negócios privados de infraestrutura de transporte sinalizam uma boa alternativa para alocação de recursos dessas entidades e a formação de um mercado de funding privado ao Brasil, porém, algumas barreiras de mercado, principalmente os riscos políticos-regulatórios, falta de garantias aos financiadores, alto valor pago pelos títulos públicos e os riscos inerentes ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, atualmente, impedem que haja um fluxo constante de capital para o setor. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como pode ser promovido um ambiente indutor de recursos das EFPCs à investimentos de infraestrutura de transporte no Brasil, como forma de aumentar o financiamento privado ao setor. Para tal, busca-se mediante a aplicação de um questionário junto aos gestores das EFPCs elencar quais são os principais entraves que dificultam os investimentos das mesmas em debêntures de infraestrutura de transportes. Para se preparar as questões, são organizados dados sobre o investimento em infraestrutura de transporte, o financiamento do setor, aspectos sobre a emissão de debêntures incentivadas de infraestrutura e os motivos que levaram as mesmas a não obterem grande inserção de mercado. Por sua vez, os dados resultantes da pesquisa são tabulados e apresentados sugerindo um conjunto de medidas estimuladoras ou mitigadoras de riscos que visam contribuir para redução dos entraves e favorecer a compra dos títulos de debêntures de infraestrutura de transporte. As sugestões são apresentadas sob uma discussão de como cada uma delas protege ou incentiva o investidor da debênture de infraestrutura. Por fim, para se testar o grau de sustentação das medidas propostas o trabalho lança mão um empreendimento protótipo que confronta, quando possível, os impactos de cada medida ou instrumento de garantia proposto frente aos indicadores da qualidade do negócio (Taxa de Retorno do empreendimento e payback) ou frente ao custo da tarifa paga pelo usuário. / The adhesion between the investments of Pension Funds (EFPCs) and the characteristics of private business transportation infrastructure indicates a good alternative for resource allocation of these entities and the formation of a private funding market in Brazil, however, some market barriers, especially the political regulatory risks, lack of guarantees to lenders, high value paid by government bonds and the inherent risks in the environmental licensing process, currently, prevents a steady flow of capital for the sector. This study aims to identify how it can be promoted a resource-inducing environment of EFPCs to transport infrastructure investments in Brazil as a way to increase private funding to the sector. To this end, the main goal is, by applying a questionnaire with the managers of EFPCs, outline what the main obstacles that hinder investments in the same transport infrastructure debentures. To prepare these questions the data are organized on investment in transport infrastructure, industry funding, aspects on the issue of debentures encouraged infrastructure and the reasons that led them to not achieve great market insertion. In turn, the resulting data of the survey are tabulated and presented suggesting a set of stimulatory measures or mitigating risks that aim to contribute to reducing barriers and encouraging the purchase of tickets infrastructure debentures. The suggestions are presented in a discussion of how each protects or encourages the investors infrastructure debenture. Finally, to test the degree of support of the work proposed measures, makes use of a prototype model that confronts, where possible, the impact of each measure or guarantee instrument proposed front of business quality indicators (Rate of Return of the project and payback) or against the cost of user-pay rate.

A infraestrutura logística é essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico. Diversos trabalhos evidenciam os problemas de infraestrutura existente no Brasil, devido ao baixo nível de investimento por parte do Estado e do setor privado, que geram ineficiências em diversos setores produtivos da economia. Inserida nessa temática, esta pesquisa foi dividida em três partes: (i) a primeira foca nos efeitos das políticas públicas do Estado brasileiro para o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura logística no País; (ii) a segunda, investiga o crescimento do agronegócio no Brasil, e seus efeitos sobre o investimento em infraestrutura; e (iii) a terceira, analisa o desenvolvimento econômico e social como consequências dos investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte. Em termos metodológicos, análise de cluster combinada com a dados em painel foram os métodos utilizados na parte (i) e o Propensity Score Matching nas partes (ii) e (iii). Os resultados alcançados mostram que as políticas públicas brasileiras atreladas ao investimento em infraestrutura (PAC e PIL) aumentaram significativamente os investimentos privados em infraestrutura de transporte. O trabalho também mostra efeito positivo do agronegócio brasileiro na realização de investimento, evidenciando que regiões caracterizadas pelo crescimento da agricultura tendem a receber investimentos em infraestrutura em nível superior em comparação com as outras regiões do país. Além disso, o trabalho evidencia também, analisando o caso da rodovia BR-163, o efeito positivo dos investimentos em infraestrutura logística no desenvolvimento econômico e social. As conclusões destacam a importância do aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas que visam promover o desenvolvimento econômico a partir de investimentos em infraestrutura no Brasil, ressaltando a existência de regiões menos susceptíveis à captação do investimento privado. / The logistic infrastructure is essential for economic development. Several studies have shown Brazilian infrastructure problems, as consequence of the low level of investment by the state and the private sector, which generates inefficiencies in different sectors of the economy. Related to this issue, this work is divided in three parts: (i) the first one focuses on the effects of the Brazillian public policies related to the development of the infrastructure in the country; (ii) the second part investigates the growth of the agribusiness in Brazil and its effects on infrastructure investment; and (iii) the third part analyses the economic and social development as function of investments in transport infrastructure. In terms of methodology, the cluster analysis combined with panel data analysis were the methods used in the part (i); and the propensity score matching in the parts (ii) and (iii). The results obtained show that the Brazilian public policies linked to investment in infrastructure (PAC and PIL) significantly increased private investment in transportation infrastructure. The work also points out positive effect of Brazilian agribusiness in the atraction of investments, showing that regions characterized by agriculture growth tend to receive investments in infrastructure at a higher level in comparison to other regions of the country. In addition, the study shows, analyzing the case of the BR-163 highway, positive effect obtained from investments in logistics infrastructure for the economic and social development. The findings highlight the importance of improvement of public policies to promote economic development based on infrastructure investments in Brazil, highlighting the existence of regions less attractive to private investment

This thesis consists of four self-contained essays in economics. Their abstracts are presented below: Exit, Voice and Political Change: Evidence from Swedish Mass Migration to the United States. We study the political effects of mass emigration to the United States in the 19th century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total emigration over several decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that sparked an initial wave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel costs. Our estimates show that emigration substantially increased the local demand for political change, as measured by labor movement membership, strike participation and voting. Emigration also led to de facto political change, increasing welfare expenditures as well as the likelihood of adopting more inclusive political institutions. Mass Migration, Cheap Labor, and Innovation. Migration is often depicted as a major problem for struggling developing countries, as they may lose valuable workers and human capital. Yet, its effects on sending regions are ambiguous and depend crucially on local market responses and migrant selection. This paper studies the effects of migration on technological innovation in sending communities during one of the largest migration episodes in human history: the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913). Using novel historical data on Sweden, where about a quarter of its population migrated, we find that migration caused an increase in technological patents in sending municipalities. To establish causality, we use an instrumental variable design that exploits severe local growing season frost shocks together with within-country travel costs to reach an emigration port. Exploring possible mechanisms, we suggest that increased labor costs, due to low-skilled emigration, induced technological innovation.                                                    On the Right Track: Railroads, Mobility and Innovation During Two Centuries. We study the construction of the 19th-century Swedish railroad network and estimate its effects on innovation during two centuries. To address endogenous placement of the network, our analysis exploits the fact that the main trunk lines were built with the overarching aim to connect particular city centers, while at the same time considering construction costs. Estimates show that innovative activities increased substantially in areas traversed by the railroads. The number of active innovators increased and, moreover, they became more productive. Exploring potential mechanisms, we highlight the importance of knowledge diffusion across space by studying spatial patterns of collaboration between innovators. Our analysis shows that innovators residing in areas connected by the railroad start to collaborate more and over longer distances, especially with other innovators located along the railroad network. Finally, we show that the differences in innovative activities were intensified over the 20th century. Areas traversed by the historical railroads exhibit much higher rates of innovation in the present day.                           Homeownership, Housing Wealth and Socioeconomic Outcomes: Evidence from Sweden 1999-2007. This paper studies a government supported homeownership wave in Sweden, where tenants bought their apartments at prices below the market value in the ownership market. Using detailed administrative register data paired with a difference-in-differences strategy, it compares individuals subject to an ownership transfer to similar individuals who never got the opportunity to buy their homes. After establishing that the new homeowners instantly increased their net wealth, the effects of homeownership and housing wealth on a set of socioeconomic outcomes are measured over time. Although the lump-sum transfer is large, the average individual only modestly adjusts her behavior in terms of labor market participation and demographic decision-making. Studying differences across age, younger tenants increase childbearing and decrease labor income, although modestly. Individuals near their retirement age decrease their labor market participation.

The aim of this thesis is to create optimal strategy of developement of municipality Lety which is located in suburban area of Prague given suburbanization processes. This paper is focused on economic, social and environmental consequences. The theoretical part is focused on main parameters of suburbanization, its developement in the world and in the Czech Republic, further on types of suburbanization, measurement, causes and consequences. The practical part is focused on a municipality Lety which must face suburbanization processes since 90s. This situation is compared with neighboring municipalities Řevnice, Dobřichovice and Černošice. Based on the findings is created optimal plan of future develepoment municipality Lety which is consistent with its strategical and spatial plan. The methods that has been used on this topic were literature review, data analysis, comparison and observation. To process the data, official statistics were also used.

This thesis deals with economic impacts of the application of the Public-Private Partnerships in the Czech Republic. Public-Private Partnerships are the newest form of the cooperation between public and private sector in delivering of public goods. The theoretic part of the thesis comes close to the fundamental aspects of the Public private partnerships and their characteristics, to the reasons of participation of the subjects in the projects, to the forms of Public-Private Partnerships, their phases and to the differences between government contracts and Public-Private Partnerships. The second chapter deals with the legislation of the Public-Private Partnerships in the European Union, Czech Republic and chosen countries. The analytic part of the thesis deals with economic aspects of the Public-Private Partnerships, their advantages, disadvantages, benefits and potential risks. The aim of the thesis is to discuss presented advantages and disadvantages of the Public Private Partnerships and its possible impacts of the application in the Czech Republic.

The analysis of factors influencing the final cost of large contracts in Slovakian infrastructure is the main concern of this study. I will be talking about general Slovakian infrastructure as a whole, contractual law, the contractual system itself and its grading.

A graduation thesis is focused on transport infrastructure in Czech Republic and its regional impacts. Transport infrastructure influences economy in many ways, because transport costs are part of total cost of every good or service. The aim of this thesis is to find out, which impacts on regional development are caused by transport infrastructure and transport infrastructure investment. The thesis is dividend in three parts. The first part describes the main impacts of transport infrastructure on economy and regional development. The second part analyzes transport infrastructure in Czech Republic. The third part is focused on relationship between transport infrastructure and regional economy. Transport investment efficiency in previous last years will be assessed. The results will be resumed in the end of graduation thesis.

This thesis focuses on the description and analysis of the transport infrastructure in Israel. The first part is devoted to describe the State of Israel; the description of transport infrastructure in different types of transport. The final part of this work describes the Infrastructure in the region of The West Bank in regard to political dimension of construction of transport infrastructure in the territory.

The diploma thesis is describing Private Public Partnership (PPP) and its characterization. Another part is about foreign experience with PPP projects and about implementation these projects on the czech market. The whole thesis is focused on transport infrastructure and the practical part analyses the building of highway D3 in the south part of the Czech republic.

The main objective of this thesis is to map traffic conditions in Hradec Králové and Pardubice region. The main attention is paid not only to transport in these two east-capitals, but especially transport between them. The theoretical part focuses on clarifying basic concepts closely related to the issue of transport and the characteristics of transport modes and means of transport across the Czech Republic. The practical part is focused directly on the two cities, the analysis of public transport and traffic between them. The work also includes a short questionnaire on transport between Hradec Králové and Pardubice.