Bygg- och fastighetsbranschen präglas av långsam digitaliserings takt där bristande dokumentation förekommer och i vissa fall försvårar beslutsfattningsmoment. Digitala tvillingar är kända för att effektivisera fastighetsförvaltning och bidra till bättre beslutsfattning. Trots det är det många som inte har hört talas om digitala tvillingar. Mot bakgrund av att det är ett outforskat område undersöker denna studie beslutsfattningsmomentet med digital tvilling inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Studiens resultat baseras på intervjuer med ett stort byggföretag och en digital-tvilling-leverantör. Det framgår att en digital tvilling kan bestå av en eller flera av delarna: 3D- scanning, sensorer samt tilläggsfunktioner såsom analyser, styrning och olika applikationer, varav definitionen av en digital tvilling varierar. Resultatet visar att 3D scanning är särskilt lämpligt när det kommer till ombyggnationer och relationshandlingar (det verkliga utförandet av byggnaden), varav sensorer är användbara inom beslutsfattning utifrån prediktivt underhåll, mätning av nyttjande och energiuppföljning. Vidare framkommer det att tillägg av analyser kan föreslå lämpliga beslut och att styrning kan möjliggöra digital fastighetsskötsel, medan AI moduler kan ersätta den mänskliga beslutsfattningen. Utifrån det empiriska materialet som framkom tillämpades situationsmedvetenhet som teoretiskt ramverk för att förklara hur digitala tvillingar kan bidra med dokumentation som leder till bättre uppfattning och förståelse för omgivningen, vilket möjliggör mer välgrundade beslut. Slutligen konstaterar studien att utformningen av digitala tvillingar och dess funktioner avgör hur de kan användas vid beslutsfattning, något som gör kravställningen av dessa till en avgörande aspekt. / The construction and real estate industry is characterized by a slow rate of digitization and lack of documentation, which in some cases makes decision-making difficult. Digital twins are known to contribute to more efficient property management and better decision-making. Despite this, many people have not heard of digital twins. Since it is an unexplored area, this study examines the decision-making with digital twins in the construction and real estate industry. The study's results are based on interviews with a large construction company and a digital twin supplier. It appears that a digital twin can consist of one or more of the parts: 3D scanning, sensors and additional functions such as analyses, control and various applications, where the definition of a digital twin varies. The result shows that 3D scanning is particularly suitable when it comes to reconstruction and as-built documents. Sensors appear to be useful in decision-making according to predictive maintenance, measurement of utilization and energy follow-up. Furthermore, it appears that digital twin analyses can suggest appropriate decisions and that control can enable digital property management, while AI modules can replace human decision-making. Based on the empirical material, situational awareness was applied as a theoretical framework to explain how digital twins can contribute with documentation that leads to a better perception and understanding of the environment, enabling more informed decisions. The study thus states that the design of digital twins determine how they can be used in decision-making, something that makes the requirements of these a vital aspect.

<p>The written component of the dissertation accompanying the "Harmonic Resurgence" mixtape is a captivating exploration of the extraordinary lives of the Godino twins. Through meticulous research and eloquent storytelling, this written work delves deep into the experiences, struggles, and triumphs of the twins, offering a profound and thought-provoking narrative. The dissertation showcases a pioneering approach that merges music and academia, demonstrating the creator's prowess in both artistic expression and scholarly investigation.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Each chapter of the dissertation is dedicated to dissecting significant moments in the twins' lives, meticulously analyzing the emotions and themes portrayed in the mixtape's tracks. It unravels the intricacies of the twins' profound connection and individual growth, while shedding light on the innovative fusion of storytelling and music that makes "Harmonic Resurgence" an unparalleled work of art.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The written component transcends conventional norms in academic research, inviting readers on an immersive journey through the Godino twins' legacy. With meticulous attention to detail and a seamless interweaving of music and narrative, this work serves as a testament to the power of creativity and its ability to touch lives on a profound level.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Overall, the written component of the dissertation complements the "Harmonic Resurgence" mixtape, providing a comprehensive and deeply insightful perspective on the Godino twins' tale. Through this extraordinary academic exploration, their legacy is honored, celebrated, and forever etched into the hearts of those who engage with this groundbreaking work.</p>

<p>Our generation is currently at the juncture of the fourth industrial revolution - Industry 4.0. Emergent technology such as Augmented Reality (AR), Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data, and ore are at the center of this. Amidst all these, the concept of  digital Twinning is a promising technology for realizing Industry 4.0. Simply put, a Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a real task, action, or object. This thesis explores the parameters and details required to generate a Digital Twin. Using these insights, we propose two applications that utilize digital twinning - EditAR and AnnotateXR. EditAR is an AR workflow for authoring kinesthetic instructions for spatial tasks. AnnotateXR is an Extended Reality (XR) workflow for automating data annotation to support multiple Computer Vision (CV) applications. We evaluate these systems through user studies and report the results on the usability and viability of these workflows. From an evaluation study, EditAR received an average system usability score (SUS) of 82.0. Over the course of a user study, using AnnotateXR, users were able to generate a total of 112,737 semantically segmented images and 144 videos annotated for action segmentation in 66.55 minutes. AnnotateXR received an average SUS score of 91.0.</p>

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is known to be overwhelmed with resource planning, risk management, and logistic challenges, resulting in design defects, project delivery delays, cost overruns, and contractual disputes. These challenges have instigated research in the application of advanced machine learning algorithms such as Deep learning (DL) to help with diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of causes and preventive measures. Construction 4.0 develops through continuous innovations towards digitalization and intelligence, in order to realize a considerable boost in automation, productivity, and reliability. The Digital Twins, as the next level of planning and process control and automation towards Construction 4.0, will incorporate cognitive features that enable sensing complex and unpredicted behavior and reason about dynamic strategies for process optimization to support decision-making. However, there is still a lack of awareness regarding the real impact of DT integration, DL, and IoT, all connected to self-learning hybrid models with proactive cognitive capabilities for smart planning and construction. This study investigates the potential integration of DT and DL to facilitate smart planning and construction through an explorative analysis to identify and close this gap. Data were collected from global industry experts in a mixed approach with interviews, focus groups, and a survey focusing on the applicability and interoperability of DL integrated DT with decision-support capabilities for process optimization. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses, a conceptual model of the framework has been developed. The evaluations support that the DL integrated DT model will incorporate cognitive abilities to detect complex and unpredictable actions and reasoning about dynamic process optimization strategies to support decision-making in smart planning and construction. / Pre-study for SPARK-SBE potential project

Das Jahr 2000 wird oft als Meilenstein der Entwicklung der Humangenetik bezeichnet. Eine Relevanz für die praktische Medizin erlangt das Humangenom-Projekt jedoch erst, wenn die Funktion der einzelnen Gene in komplexen physiologischen Systemen und die genetische Variabilität aufgeklärt sind. Die hier vorgelegten Studien beruhen auf der Annahme, dass der Einfluss genetischer Variabilität nicht nur im Vergleich kranker und gesunder Menschen sichtbar wird, sondern auch in der Variabilität physiologischer Parameter in der Allgemeinbevölkerung nachweisbar ist. Grundlage aller Studien war eine medizinische Untersuchung von gesunden eineiigen und zweieiigen Zwillingspaaren. Es wurde für Kennwerte des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems die Stärke genetischer Einflüsse (Heritabilität) bestimmt. Weiterhin erfolgten Kopplungs- und Assoziationsanalysen mit ausgewählten Kandidatengenen. Der Einfluss spezifischer Gene auf die Blutdruckregulation, die Herzgröße, EKG-Parameter sowie Blutfette konnte nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin wurde der prinzipielle Nachweis erbracht, dass die funktionelle Untersuchung einzelner Gene in unausgelesenen Stichproben realisierbar ist. / The year 2000 is often called a milestone in the history of human genetics. The knowledge of the sequence of the human genome will only become relevant for clinical medicine when the function of genes within complex physiological systems as well as the genetic variability will be revealed. The studies reported here are based on the assumption that the influence of genetic variability does not only become obvious by comparison of affected and unaffected subjects but is as well detectable in the variability of physiological parameters in the general population. All studies are based on testing healthy mono- and dizygotic twins. We determined the heritability of various cardiovascular parameters. Furthermore selected candidate genes were tested by linkage and association analyses. We could demonstrate the influence of specific genes on blood pressure regulation, heart size, ECG and lipids. These studies are a proof of principle for the functional analysis of single genes in unselected random samples.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Schreientwicklung von Säuglingen und die dabei auftretenden Regularitäten und Gesetzmäßigkeiten untersucht. Es wurde dazu eine Analyse von Grundfrequenzverläufen (Melodien) in Säuglingsschreien der ersten 5 Lebensmonate von 30 medizinisch unauffälligen monozygoten Zwillingen durchgeführt. Diese Studie belegt, daß der Säuglingsschrei weit mehr ist, als nur ein angeborenes biologisches Alarmsignal, das Ausnahmesituationen in der Kommunikation vorbehalten bleibt. Die gefundenen Gesetzmäßigkeiten in der Entwicklungen der Schreimelodie berechtigen, den Säuglingsschrei in eine Reihe mit frühen Nichtschrei-Vokalisationen als essentielle Wegbereiter für den Spracherwerb zu stellen. Den durch umfangreiche Studien anderer Autoren bereits nachgewiesenen Perzeptionsleistungen junger Säuglinge können durch die hier gefundenen, komplexen Leistungen bezüglich der Melodieentwicklung im Schrei nunmehr auch ebenbürtige Produktionsleistungen gegenübergestellt werden. Die analysierten 1700 Schreimelodien wurden durch einen Vergleich in Ähnlichkeitsklassen eingeteilt. Es wird ein Klassifizierungssystem vorgeschlagen, das sechs Ähnlichkeitsklassen (Melodietypen) definiert, die auf prinzipiellen Formeigenschaften (langsamen Modulationseigenschaften) der Schreimelodien beruhen. Die Formeigenschaften der Melodietypen sind also bis auf lineare Transformationen der Zeitachse und einem konstanten Shiftwert in der Frequenzachse (bei ungeändertem Frequenzhub) invariant. Alle Schreimelodien wurden eindeutig den gebildeten Melodietyp-Klassen zugeordnet und ohne irgendwelche Skalen-Transformationen in Frequenz oder Zeit dargestellt. Die Konsistenz aller im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie durchgeführten Untersuchungen hat die vorgeschlagene Klassifizierung gerechtfertigt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Synchronizität und die Konkordanz in der Melodieentwicklung für die Zwillinge eines Paares deutlich größer ist als für nichtverwandte Zwillinge gleichen Geschlechts und Alters. Die Monozygotie der Zwillinge und die damit erhaltene höhere Synchronizität der Entwicklung ließen die Universalität der Entwicklung wesentlich prägnanter hervortreten, als dies bei einer durchschnittlichen Population der Fall gewesen wäre. Es konnte eine kontinuierliche, gesetzmäßige Melodieentwicklung bei allen Zwillingen nachgewiesen und in Form eines Entwicklungsdiagramms dargestellt werden. Es wurde eine höhere Konkordanz und Synchronizität zwischen den monozygoten Zwillingen der gleichen Paare bezüglich der Art der erzeugten Melodietypen und deren absoluten Häufigkeit in einem bestimmten Alter gefunden. Dies und die ebenfalls nachgewiesene Fähigkeit der Zwillinge zur hohen formähnlichen Reproduktion der Melodien sind ein starkes Argument für die Beteiligung genetischer Faktoren an der Erzeugung der Melodietypen nach einem internen zerebralen Programm. / The cry development of babies and the regularly occurring phenomena and principles are discussed in the present paper. The time variations of the fundamental frequency (melodies) in babies cries in the first five months of life was analyzed in 30 medically normal monozygotic twins. This study documents that the baby s cry is far more than only an innate biological alarm signal which is reserved to exceptional situations of communication. The developmental principles of the cry melody found justify the categorization of the baby s cry on the same level as other early noncry vocalizations as essential precursors for the acquisition of speech. The perceptual capacity of young infants as already demonstrated by extensive studies of other authors can now also be compared to equivalent cry production on the basis of the complex phenomena found with regard to cry melody development of melody in the cry. The 1,700 cry melodies analyzed were classified into similarity classes by means of a comparison. A system of classification defining six similarity classes (melody types) which are based on fundamental form characteristics (slow modulation properties) of the cry melodies was suggested. The form characteristics of the melody types are invariant apart from linear transformations of the time axis and a constant shift value in the frequency axis (with unchanged frequency hub). All cry melodies were unequivocally assigned to the classes of melody type formed and visualized in frequency or time without any scale transformations. The consistency of all the investigations conducted in the present study justify the suggested classification. It could be shown that the synchronicity and the concordance in the melody development for monozygotic twins is very much greater than that for unrelated twins of the same sex and age. The monozygosity of the twins and the greater synchronicity of the development thereby attained resulted in the universality in the development being manifested very much more distinctly than would have been the case in an average population. A continuous regular development of melody could be demonstrated in all twins and depicted in the form of a development diagram. A greater concordance and synchronicity between the monozygotic twins of the same pair was found with regard to the characteristics of the melody types produced and their absolute frequency at a certain age. This and the likewise demonstrable ability of the twins to reproduce the melodies in a highly similar form are very strong arguments corroborating a role of genetic factors in the production of the melody types according to an internal cerebral program.

Vergleich des Nabelschnur-Resistance-Index von monochorialen und dichorialen Geminischwangerschaften Burkhardt T, Kilavuz Ö, Vetter K Abteilung für Geburtsmedizin, Vivantes Krankenhaus Neukölln, Berlin Fragestellung: Ziel der Untersuchung war die Klärung, ob monochoriale Gemini andere Strömungsverhältnisse in der A. umbilicalis aufweisen als dichoriale. Methode: Prospektiv wurden die Aa. umbilicales bei 75 dichorialen und 30 monochorialen Geminischwangerschaften zwischen 15 und 38 Schwangerschaftswochen dopplersonographisch untersucht. Verglichen wurden die Messergebnisse der monochorialen mit den der dichorialen Zwillinge und denen von Einlingen in fünf Schwangerschaftsaltersgruppen (< 24, 24-27, 28-31, 32-35 und 36-39 SSW). Berücksichtigt wurden ausserdem fünf Fälle mit fetofetalem Transfusionssyndrom (FFTS). Ergebnis: Kein signifikanter Unterschied konnte zwischen den Medianwerten der monochorialen Gemini (mit und ohne FFTS) und denen der dichorialen Gemini bzw. denen der Einlinge festgestellt werden. Nachweisbar sind Unterschiede im Abfall des Resistance-Index im Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Benachbarte Altersgruppen gleicher Chorionizität weisen signifikante Sprünge (p / The Resistance-Index in the umbilical artery in dichorionic twins compared with monochorionic twins. Burkhardt T, Kilavuz Ö, Vetter K Department of Obstetrics, Vivantes Hospital Neukolln Berlin Objective: The aim of this study was to detect differences in the resistance-index in the umbilical artery between dichorionic and monochorionic twins. Additional, the resistance-index in twin pregnancies was compared to the reference values of single pregnancies. Methods: In a prospective study Doppler recordings of the umbilical arteries of 75 dichorionic and 30 monochorionic twins were obtained. The Doppler examinations were performed between 15 and 38 weeks of gestation. According the gestational age the Doppler findings were divided in five week groups (< 24, 24-27, 28-31, 32-35 and 36-39 weeks) and were compared within placentation and between the different placentations. In five monochorionic twins a twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) was diagnosed. These five pairs were analyzed in a separate group. Results: There are no significant differences in the resistance index in the umbilical arteries in monochorial without TTTS and dichorial twins compared to the reference values of single pregnancies. Monochorial twins without TTTS compared with dichorial twins showed no significant increased resistance indices in the umbilical arteries. Dichorial twins showed significant (p

This thesis concerns the mathematical modelling of phase transformations with a special emphasis on martensitic phase transformations and their application to the modelling of steels. In Chapter 1, we develop a framework that determines the optimal transformation strain between any two Bravais lattices and use it to give a rigorous proof of a conjecture by E.C. Bain in 1924 on the optimality of the so-called Bain strain. In Chapter 2, we review the Ball-James model and related concepts. We present some simplification of existing results. In Chapter 3, we pose a conjecture for the explicit form of the quasiconvex hull of the three tetragonal wells, known as the three-well problem. We present a new approach to finding inner and outer bounds. In Chapter 4, we focus on highly compatible, so called self-accommodating, martensitic structures and present new results on their fine properties such as estimates on their minimum complexity and bounds on the relative proportion of each martensitic variant in them. In Chapter 5, we investigate the contrary situation when self-accommodating microstructures do not exist. We determine, whether in this situation, it is still energetically favourable to nucleate martensite within austenite. By constructing different types of inclusions, we find that the optimal shape of an inclusion is flat and thin which is in agreement with experimental observation. In Chapter 6, we introduce a mechanism that identifies transformation strains with orientation relationships. This mechanism allows us to develop a simpler, strain-based approach to phase transformation models in steels. One novelty of this approach is the derivation of an explicit dependence of the orientation relationships on the ratio of tetragonality of the product phase. In Chapter 7, we establish a correspondence between common phenomenological models for steels and the Ball-James model. This correspondence is then used to develop a new theory for the (5 5 7) lath transformation in low-carbon steels. Compared to existing theories, this new approach requires a significantly smaller number of input parameters. Furthermore, it predicts a microstructure morphology which differs from what is conventionally believed.

Stena Recycling is one of the leading recycling companies in Sweden and at their facility in Halmstad, 300 tonnes of refuse are handled every day where aluminium is one of the most valuable materials they sort. Today, most of the sorting process is done automatically, but there are still parts of the refuse that are not correctly sorted. Approximately 4\% of the aluminium is currently not properly sorted and goes to waste. Earlier works have investigated using machine vision to help in the sorting process at Stena Recycling. However, consistently through all these previous works, there is a problem in gathering enough annotated data to train the machine learning models. This thesis aims to investigate how machine vision could be used in the recycling process and if pre-training models using self-supervised learning can alleviate the problem of gathering annotated data and yield an improvement. The results show that machine vision models could viably be used in an information system to assist operators. This thesis also shows that pre-training models with self-supervised learning may yield a small increase in performance. Furthermore, we show that models pre-trained using self-supervised learning also appear to transfer the knowledge learned from images created in a lab environment to images taken at the recycling plant.

THE ABSTRACT The thesis deals with sibling relationships of twins and triplets when one or more siblings suffer from some health disability or handicap. It outlines the way of life in sibling constellations of twins and triplets. It deals with the topic of a disabled person who has brothers or sisters. It defines family as a pillar of person's life and it focuses on the sibling relationships. The thesis explains the connection between multiple births and the occurrence of disability, and it considers certain aspects of family life, with the main focus on siblings, when one of the siblings suffers from some health limitation. It also describes twins and triplets and their specific features. For example, it shows the development of the identity of each of the siblings, the role of their birth order, the types of relationships that occur in a family with twins and triplets, and the way the siblings may experience the separation from one another. It draws on publications and other sources that deal with sibling constellations and the resulting relationships among the siblings, on the publications on twins and triplets, on children and adults with disability or handicap. Last not least, it draws on personal experience of the author and on the research interviews. Apart from that, the thesis clarifies how twins...