Esta dissertação detém-se na análise e na comparação do romance Dois Irmãos (2006), de Milton Hatoum, com a narrativa bíblica dos embates fraternos presentes no livro do Gênesis, especialmente o episódio dos gêmeos Esaú e Jacó. O relacionamento conflitante entre irmãos é um constante leitmotiv, um foco de interesse que se desenvolve de diversas formas ao longo de todo primeiro livro da Bíblia Hebraica. Hatoum vai à narrativa bíblica, considerada matriz do pensamento ocidental e da memória cultural da Humanidade pelo impulso do seu tema, logo, ele não parte da Bíblia. Como, então, o autor brasileiro trabalha o seu romance em que o fulcro é justamente o embate entre irmãos em torno da primogenitura (o que nos remeteria ao texto matricial bíblico Gênesis) para alinhavar sua ficção? A nossa viagem em busca dessa resposta é iluminada por um caminho tateante e trôpego. Como numa dança folclórica, narrador e protagonistas giram, trocam de lugar e se revezam nos papéis de Esaú, Jacó, Caim, Abel e José. Nossa pesquisa vai aproximar as narrativas ora por semelhanças ora por estranhamentos com base no romance de Hatoum. Buscaremos os vestígios da narrativa bíblica presentes na obra do autor brasileiro seguindo os rastros de Omar, Yaqub e, especialmente, Nael, um narrador intervalar, meio índio, meio árabe, filho bastardo de um dos gêmeos do romance com a cunhantã, empregada da família de origem libanesa. Diante de Nael, flertaremos o tempo todo com os olhos da memória. Nael nos conduzirá a uma surpreendente descoberta: é ele quem acende o foco nacional na nossa pesquisa e, como descendente do povo indígena do Amazonas, revela-se o mais legítimo herdeiro de toda ancestralidade mitológica, originária das lendas e mitos que envolvem gêmeos inimigos em narrativas tão ou mais milenares que a Bíblia. De certa forma, então, Nael rouba para si a luz, a princípio lançada sobre os gêmeos Omar e Yaqub, e se apropria da primogenitura quando estão em jogo o poder e o nome seja do patriarca da família libanesa, seja do mito original. / The following dissertation focuses on the analysis and comparison of Milton Hatoums novel Dois Irmãos (The Brothers, 2006) and the biblical narrative of the fraternal clashes in the book of Genesis, especially that of the twins Jacob and Esau. The conflict-ridden relationship between brothers is a constant leitmotiv, a point of interest that develops in different ways throughout the first book of the Hebrew Bible. Hatoum seeks the biblical narrative matrix for Western thought and Humanitys cultural memory through the impulse of his theme, therefore he does not set out from the Bible. How then, does the Brazilian author progress through his novel, whose fulcrum is the clash between brothers in respect to their primogeniture, which brings us back to the generative biblical text of Genesis to baste his fiction? Our journey in search of this answer is brightened by a fumbling and stumbling path. As in a folkloric dance, narrator and protagonists spiral, trade places and take turns in the roles of Esau, Jacob, Cain, Abel, and Joseph. Our research will approximate these narratives either through similarities or through the estrangement from the Hatounian novel. We will seek the vestiges from the biblical narrative present in the Brazilian authors work following the trails of Omar, Yaqub, and especially the narrator, Nael. An interspersed narrator, half Indian, half Arab; bastard son, progeny of one of the novels twins and a young Indian girl, the Lebanese family\'s maid. Led by Nael\'s narrative, we will constantly flirt with the eyes of memory. Nael leads us to a surprising discovery: it is he who brings into focus the national scope in our research and, as a descendant to the indigenous Amazonian peoples, he reveals himself as the most legitimate heir to all mythological ancestrality born from folktales and myths of rival twins narratives that are as ancient if not more than the Bible. So, to a certain extent, Nael steals the light originally shined upon the twins Omar and Yaqub for himself and embraces the primogeniture, while the power and name are at stake, be it from the familys patriarch, or the original myth.

Abstract This study focuses on early attachment and its effects on later cognitive development and mental well-being in Finnish twins and singletons. Altogether 84 infants, including both singletons (N = 27) and twins (N = 57), were assessed at 18 months of age to determine their infant–mother and infant–father attachment using the Preschool Assessment of Attachment (PAA), a modification of the Ainsworth infant classification system. In the whole sample, approximately one third (37%) of the children were assessed as using avoidant/defended insecure (Type A), one third (35%) secure/balanced (Type B), one fifth (20%) resistant/coercive insecure (Type C) and the rest insecure other (IO, 8%) attachment strategy with their mothers, while the corresponding percentages of attachment strategies with fathers were 36%, 33%, 28% and 3%, respectively. The results yielded a difference in the maternal attachment between twins and singletons; the twins were more often Type B attached than the singletons. At 36 months the children were tested with the Stanford-Binet test for measuring their intelligence level. Children with Type A or Type B attachment pattern attained the highest IQ. High socio-economic status of the family and mature pregnancy (≥ 37 weeks) were also significantly linked with higher intelligence levels. At the age of 48 months, the children’s mental well-being was assessed by using CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach) questionnaires completed by the mothers of 22 singletons and 51 twins and the fathers of 20 singletons and 60 twins. Type A attachment strategy with the mother among singleton toddlers was significantly associated with higher CBCL scores reported by mothers, concerning withdrawal, somatic problems and total internalizing symptoms, whereas among twins there were no such correlations. In addition, on the basis of the parental reports singletons had significantly more behavioural and emotional symptoms than the twins. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan suomalaisten yksös- ja kaksoslasten varhaisen kiintymyssuhteen vaikutusta myöhempään lapsuusiän kehitykseen ja psyykkiseen hyvinvointiin. Yhteensä 84 lapsen, 27 yksösen ja 57 kaksosen, kiintymyssuhdestrategia arviointiin 18 kuukauden iässä äitiin ja isään PAA – menetelmällä (Pre¬school Assessment of Attachment), joka on modifikaatio Ainsworthin pikkulasten kiintymyssuhteen luokitusjärjestelmästä. Lapsista noin kolmanneksella (37%) oli suhteessa äitiin välttelevä kiintymyssuhdestrategia (A-tyyppi), toisella kolmanneksella (35%) turvallinen (B-tyyppi), viidenneksellä (20%) vastustava (C-tyyppi) ja loppuosalla muu turvaton (IO, 8%). Vastaavat osuudet lasten ja isien välisissä kiintymyssuhteissa ryhmittäin (A, B, C ja IO) olivat 36%, 33%, 28% ja 3%. Kaksosten kiintymyssuhdestrategia suhteessa äitiin oli yksösiä useammin turvallinen. Lasten kognitiivinen taso arvioitiin Stanford-Binet –testillä 36 kuukauden iässä. Lapset, joiden kiintymyssuhde äitiin tai isään oli joko A- tai B-tyyppinen, menestyivät testissä parhaiten. Korkea sosioekonominen status ja täysiaikaisuus (≥ 37 raskausviikkoa) olivat yhteydessä merkitsevästi parempaan suoriutumiseen testissä. Lasten psyykkistä hyvinvointia arvioitiin 48 kuukauden iässä CBCL-lomakkeella (Child Behavior Checklist), jonka täytti 51 kaksosen ja 22 yksösen äitiä sekä 60 kaksosen ja 20 yksösen isää. Yksösillä, joilla oli A-tyyppinen kiintymyssuhde äitiin, oli äitien raportoimana merkitsevästi enemmän vetäytymistä, somaattisia oireita ja ylipäätään internalisoivia (tunne-elämän) oireita. Lisäksi vanhemmat raportoivat yksösillä olevan merkitsevästi enemmän sekä käyttäytymisen että tunne-elämän oireita kaksosiin verrattuna.

Twinmates is an inside look at the unique and unusual appeal of border politics in Laredo, Texas through the point of view of identical twin brothers-- A. Jaime Mendoza and B. Javier Mendoza. The documentary chronicles the Mendoza twins for a period of six years as they switch political parties, in order to get elected (Republicans turn Democrats), and use that political exposure to expand their janitorial company to the metropolitan cities of Dallas and Austin. In addition to the Mendoza twins' business and politics, the documentary also captures entertaining interactions with family and friends.

Around the world, people are becoming more sedentary and less physically active. These behaviors are two examples of habits causing lifestyle diseases and premature death. The Health Dialogue (Hälsosamtal) is a method used in Sweden today, which attempts to prevent people from being diagnosed with lifestyle caused diseases. Today, the Health Dialogue does not offer an opportunity to perform follow-up of lifestyle goals created during the Health Dialogue, which is an important missing piece of the method. Follow-up regarding goals can benefit from being combined with digital twin technology, since this type of technology can potentially prevent negative habits by providing personalized predictions of bodily functions. In this thesis, a design prototype was created, combining the Health Dialogue with digital twin technology as an attempt to increase motivation towards a healthier lifestyle. Three hypotheses were proposed and evaluated through a user test containing the created design prototype. The results of the evaluation showed some support for the hypotheses for some participants, but overall, not enough to show support for motivation while using the prototype. However, the design and evaluation method can help in further development of an application that might contribute to motivation of a healthier lifestyle in the future.

Die kollaborative Teilebearbeitung mit Robotern und Werkzeugmaschinen wird in der Fertigung immer wichtiger. Durch die gleichzeitige Arbeit von Robotern und Werkzeugmaschinen kann eine noch effizientere Produktion erreicht werden. Mit der Entwicklung fortschrittlicher simulationsbasierter Lösungen können Hersteller jetzt die Zusammenarbeit von Robotern und Werkzeugmaschinen besser simulieren und überprüfen, um potenzielle Probleme zu erkennen und zu lösen, bevor sie in der realen Fertigung auftreten. Eine solche Lösung ist die NX-Offline-Simulation in Verbindung mit digitalen Zwillingen, mit der Hersteller ihre Teilebearbeitungsprogramme testen und optimieren können. Der Vortrag erläutert kurz das laufende Projekt 'RokoPro' und die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes von Robotern in der Fertigung und der Simulation zur Überprüfung dieser Lösungen. / Collaborative part processing with robots and machine tools is becoming increasingly important in manufacturing. Even more efficient production can be achieved by having robots and machine tools work simultaneously. With the development of advanced Simulation-based solutions manufacturers can now better simulate and verify the collaboration of robots and machine tools to identify and solve potential problems before they occur in real manufacturing. One such solution is NX offline simulation along with digital twins, which allows manufacturers to test and optimize their part processing programs. The presentation briefly explains the ongoing project “RokoPro” and the need for use of robots in manufacturing and simulation to check those solutions.

This thesis project aims to develop an instructing framework, concerning digital twin-based virtual commissioning, suitable for practical applications within the industrial sphere. The objectives set for the project are focused on constructing a framework which covers the initial specification, creation, development, and implementation of DTs within the circumstances of virtual commissioning. A literature review was performed to investigate the current state of the related academic fields. The gathered findings of the literary exploration were subsequently utilized to generate an initial framework. To test the instructing quality of the framework, a case study was conducted, involving the construction of a DT based on a real-world production process. Additional knowledge could be retrieved from the reflections of the case study, which prompted further alterations to the framework. The framework's final iteration covers the complete commissioning process, emphasising the virtual parts thatoccur at the beginning. In addition, the framework further shows how industrial organisations may store and repurpose DTs within their business practices. Suggested secondary applications of fully developed DTs were presented and discussed, including their impacting effects on supporting sustainable business practices.Therefore, it can be argued that the framework itself can be seen as a tool for supporting manufacturers to accentuate the presence of sustainability within their organisations.

The real estate industry is one of the areas that is at a very early stage in the digitalization process. The implementation of digital solutions is slow within these companies, despite the fact that it could entail many types of benefits from several different perspectives. Therefore, this study aims to create a clearer understanding of the effects that digital solutions bring to the Swedish real estate industry from the perspectives of sustainability. To achieve this, a case study within Sweco and its digital solution Twinfinty has been carried out.   Twinfinity is a platform for digital twins whose central purpose is to connect different property data that can act and visualize a clear insight into individual buildings.To collect data on this, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected respondents consisting of experienced people within Twinfinity. This is to create in-depth discussions on the subject and to generate information regarding effects that digital solutions are enabling within the Swedish real estate industry.   The results are discussed on the basis of research in order to finally draw conclusions that can answer the research question posed. The conclusion shows that the effects brought about by digital solutions in the form of Twinfinity differ from case to case. When a structural platform containing data from several different systems within a property is formed, effects from different perspectives can be made possible. This includes clearly contributing effects to criteria within ecological and economic sustainability, such as streamlining of energy use and management costs in the property. In the sustainability perspective, these two end up at the forefront in comparison with the social aspect. Therefore, there are mainly indirect effects to be discovered currently. While it is possible to see how the sustainability perspectives are connected, it can be shown that an effect can give positive results in all three aspects at the same time. This proves that a positive effect in one aspect does not have to happen at the expense of another, which in this way meets the criteria for achieving sustainability. From a negative point of view, a platform for digital twins is an expensive solution at an early stage, especially if the customer needs more services for implementation which for smaller companies can be difficult to finance. / Fastighetsbranschen är ett av de områden som befinner sig i ett tidigt stadie i digitaliseringsprocessen. Implementeringen av digitala lösningar går sakta inom dessa företag, trots att det skulle kunna medföra många typer av fördelar från flera olika perspektiv. Därför har denna studie till syfte att utifrån hållbarhetsperspektiven skapa tydligare förståelse för effekter som digitala lösningar medför inom den svenska fastighetsbranschen. För att uppnå detta har en fallstudie inom Sweco och dess digitala lösning Twinfinity genomförts.   Twinfinity är en plattform för digitala tvillingar vars centrala syfte är att koppla samman olika fastighetsdata som kan agera och visualisera en tydlig insikt på individuella byggnader. För att samla in data om detta har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med utvalda respondenter bestående av insatta personer inom Twinfinity. Detta för att skapa djupgående diskussioner kring ämnet och för att generera information angående effekter som digitala lösningar möjliggör för de svenska fastighetsbolagen.   Resultatet diskuteras utifrån forskning för att slutligen dra slutsatser som kan besvara den ställda forskningsfrågan. Slutsatsen visar att medförda effekter från digitala lösningar i form av Twinfinity skiljer sig från fall till fall. Då en strukturell plattform innehållande data från flera olika system inom en fastighet bildas kan effekter inom olika perspektiv möjliggöras. Detta innefattar tydligt bidragande effekter till kriterier inom ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet som exempelvis effektivisering av energianvändning och förvaltningskostnaderna i fastigheten. Inom hållbarhetsperspektiven hamnar dessa två i framkant, medan den sociala aspekten hamnar i skymundan. Därför finns det i nuläget främst indirekta effekter att upptäcka. Samtidigt som det går att se hur många delar hänger ihop går det att visa på att en effekt kan ge positiva utslag inom alla tre hållbarhetsperspektiv samtidigt, vilket på så sätt uppfyller kriterierna för att uppnå hållbarhet. Från en mer negativ syn är plattformar för digitala tvillingar i ett tidigt skede en kostsam lösning, speciellt om kunden är i behov av fler tjänster för implementering som för mindre bolag därför kan vara svåra att finansiera.

This thesis deals with asset management of structures through Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital Twins. Background: Current inspection and management processes for civil structures are time-consuming and can even be inaccurate. There is an increasingly high potential to improve these processes through recent advances in technology. Digital Twins offer a common platform to these technologies, so they can interact and be used to their optimal performance. Other industries have significantly advanced in the development of Digital Twins, however, in the construction industry there are still many gaps and room for improvement. Aim and objectives: The main aim of this project was to investigate the status of Digital Twins in the construction industry and propose a methodology for a Digital Twin for asset management of structures. The three immediate objectives sought are (i) Perform a literature review to establish the current practice with digital twins, in both construction and other industries, and what are the gaps for asset management of structures; (ii) Participate in a pilot experimental program that yields data to a potential digital twin prototype; and (iii) Define a methodology for a digital twin for asset management of structures which fills the identified gaps. Methods of investigation: A literature review was performed and served as basis for the development of a methodology for a digital twin. A pilot experimental program was defined and performed, and its results were used for BIM and Finite Element (FE) models. A webapp was also created using Autodesk Forge and Java programming language, andthe BIM model was uploaded into it. Results: The literature review provided insight into the maturity level of digital twins, as well as on bridge inspection, maintenance and monitoring, BIM, facility and asset management, and Bridge Management Systems (BMS). A methodology to achieve a digital twin for asset management was proposed, and the conducted experimental program yielded data results to be used in future research. Conclusion: There has been significant progress in technology to improve structural assessment and analysis, however, their full potential is still under-explored. A digital twin created in a common data environment can provide a platform for these technologies to improve efficiency of current practices. Nonetheless, the construction industry is still significantly behind other industries such as aerospace and automotive.

Digital supply chain twins (DSCT) are often considered as one of the most promising technologies to efficiently and proactively manage increasingly complex international logistics networks in the future. Despite the recognition of the potential, the concrete development of digital twins of logistics networks is still in earlier stages in practice. Most twins focus on mapping digital twins of logistics assets or sites rather than elevating the technology to a network level. Building on the Nominal Group Technique among 18 logistics managers this study seeks to investigate the requirements of successful DSCT implementation at a network level. The study shows that while there are various technological requirements that need to be created for the development, it is also DSCT-specific intra- and inter-organizational requirements that influence the successful implementation and use of DSCTs.

In the chapters of my thesis, I explore how "soft" consciousness-raising novels of the first, second and third-waves of feminism practice underground feminism by covertly exposing women's socio-political issues outside of the confines of feminist rhetoric. In moving away from the negative connotations of political language, the authors enable the education of female audiences otherwise out of reach. Working from and extending on various theorists, I construct a theoretical model for what I term underground feminism. Running on the principal of conducting feminist activism without using feminist rhetoric, underground feminism challenges the notion that "subtle" feminism means weak feminism. In illustrating how underground feminism works in novels and in physical activism, I hope to encourage the recognition of the political utility of women's writings that do not fit the strict archetypes of feminist authorship. Analyzing the effectiveness of covert feminist conversion narratives, I discuss one soft consciousness-raising novel for each wave. The novels - Sarah Grand's The Heavenly Twins (1893), Dorothy Bryant's Ella Price's Journal (1972), and Helen Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary (1996) - accused by scholars of employing weak feminist politics, are investigated as feminist literature that disidentifies with the feminist label with the possibility of facilitating a wide spread conversion process in "would be" feminists. After analyzing how the novels place women's issues at the center of discourse by discussing female education, women's voice, and narrative control, I consider how the underground feminism implicit in the texts extends to activism outside of literature. I also end by arguing that these novels enable a more intricate conversation about women's issues in which the voices of both self-identified and non-identified feminists are recognized.