A presente dissertação trata-se de um estudo de caso exploratório que discorre sobre fatores neuro-estruturais, hormonais, neuropsicológicos e suas possíveis associações, em um par de gêmeos monozigóticos adulto, do sexo masculino, discordantes para o transexualismo. Ambos os gêmeos foram submetidos a entrevistas semi-estruturadas por meio de equipe especializada pertencente ao Programa de Transtorno de Identidade de Gênero do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Aplicou-se o intrumento Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), com o objetivo de avaliar diversas funções cognitivas verbais e não-verbais que contribuem para a inteligência geral e realizou-se Ressonância Magnética do encéfalo, com a finalidade de medir o volume de uma série de estruturas cerebrais. Ainda, a mãe dos sujeitos (o pai alegou não ter disponibilidade em participar) forneceu informações sobre a gestação, parto, condições de nascimento, infância, meio ambiente, alterações clínicas presentes e passadas e eventos incomuns na história de vida dos gêmeos. Em cinco regiões cerebrais foram detectadas diferenças nos volumes de determinadas estruturas, e nas habilidades de linguagem e raciocínio viso-espacial houve divergência entre os gêmeos. Sugere-se que fatores epigenéticos possam estar envolvidos tanto na discordância fenotípica como nos achados deste estudo. / The present work is an exploratory study case that discusses about neuroanatomical, hormonal and neuropsychological factors and their possible associations in one monozygotic male twin pair discordant for transsexualism. Both twins answered semi-structural interviews applied by specialized team from Gender Identity Disorder Program of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; In addition, they were tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) battery that evaluate verbal and non verbal cognitive functions that contribute to general intelligence; and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the volumes of specific cerebral structures. The mother of the twins gave information (father did not want to participate) about the pregnancy, delivery, conditions of birth, childhood, raising environment, unusual medical or life history events. Both neuroimaging and cognitive function testing detected different outcome between the twins. In six different cerebral regions differences have been found in the volume of specific structures, as well as in language, visuo-spatial abilities. It is suggested that epigenetic factors could be related to the phenotypic discordance and the findings of this study

A presente dissertação trata-se de um estudo de caso exploratório que discorre sobre fatores neuro-estruturais, hormonais, neuropsicológicos e suas possíveis associações, em um par de gêmeos monozigóticos adulto, do sexo masculino, discordantes para o transexualismo. Ambos os gêmeos foram submetidos a entrevistas semi-estruturadas por meio de equipe especializada pertencente ao Programa de Transtorno de Identidade de Gênero do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Aplicou-se o intrumento Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), com o objetivo de avaliar diversas funções cognitivas verbais e não-verbais que contribuem para a inteligência geral e realizou-se Ressonância Magnética do encéfalo, com a finalidade de medir o volume de uma série de estruturas cerebrais. Ainda, a mãe dos sujeitos (o pai alegou não ter disponibilidade em participar) forneceu informações sobre a gestação, parto, condições de nascimento, infância, meio ambiente, alterações clínicas presentes e passadas e eventos incomuns na história de vida dos gêmeos. Em cinco regiões cerebrais foram detectadas diferenças nos volumes de determinadas estruturas, e nas habilidades de linguagem e raciocínio viso-espacial houve divergência entre os gêmeos. Sugere-se que fatores epigenéticos possam estar envolvidos tanto na discordância fenotípica como nos achados deste estudo. / The present work is an exploratory study case that discusses about neuroanatomical, hormonal and neuropsychological factors and their possible associations in one monozygotic male twin pair discordant for transsexualism. Both twins answered semi-structural interviews applied by specialized team from Gender Identity Disorder Program of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; In addition, they were tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) battery that evaluate verbal and non verbal cognitive functions that contribute to general intelligence; and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the volumes of specific cerebral structures. The mother of the twins gave information (father did not want to participate) about the pregnancy, delivery, conditions of birth, childhood, raising environment, unusual medical or life history events. Both neuroimaging and cognitive function testing detected different outcome between the twins. In six different cerebral regions differences have been found in the volume of specific structures, as well as in language, visuo-spatial abilities. It is suggested that epigenetic factors could be related to the phenotypic discordance and the findings of this study

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-11-07T12:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese FINAL-AnaLima.pdf: 1896963 bytes, checksum: 6985d554e1a56852276c847a82e809eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T12:07:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese FINAL-AnaLima.pdf: 1896963 bytes, checksum: 6985d554e1a56852276c847a82e809eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-26 / CNPq / Estudos acumulam evidências dos benefícios do aleitamento materno para os recém-nascidos prematuros, como prevenção e redução da gravidade da enterocolite necrosante, retinopatia da prematuridade e sepse. Contudo, mães de prematuros apresentam menores taxas de sucesso na amamentação, conferindo maiores incertezas e preocupações quanto ao aleitamento materno. As barreiras para a amamentação do prematuro são muitas, como as decorrentes de sua imaturidade fisiológica, além das dificuldades relacionadas a sua condição clínica e hospitalização. Embora o início do aleitamento materno possa ser incentivado durante a hospitalização, muitos prematuros são desmamados precocemente, logo após a alta hospitalar. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário não só conhecer a prática do aleitamento materno do prematuro no ambiente hospitalar, mas também seus determinantes no período pós-alta, para que intervenções efetivas, que possibilitem sua manutenção por tempo oportuno, possam ser planejadas e implementadas. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a situação do aleitamento materno de prematuros durante o primeiro mês após a alta hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal realizado em dois Hospitais Amigos da Criança de Recife, Pernambuco, com 108 prematuros que tiveram alta hospitalar no período de abril a julho de 2014. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizado levantamento de dados em prontuários e entrevistas por telefone com as mães, aos 15 e 30 dias após a alta hospitalar, utilizando-se dois instrumentos semiestruturados com as variáveis relacionadas às características maternas, institucionais e do prematuro. As prevalências das modalidades de aleitamento materno foram estimadas para cada momento determinado: alta hospitalar, 15 e 30 dias após a alta. Utilizou-se regressão logística multivariada para a análise dos fatores associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) trinta dias após a alta hospitalar. A prevalência do AME na alta hospitalar foi de 85,2%, observando-se uma significativa redução após esse período (75,0% aos 15 dias e 46,3% aos 30 dias após a alta). Após análise multivariada, as variáveis tipo de parto, gemelaridade e peso ao nascer mostraram-se associadas ao AME no 30º dia pós-alta hospitalar (OR= 2,794; OR=8,350; e OR=4,102, respectivamente). Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que é possível atingir boas taxas de AME na alta hospitalar de prematuros, mas que o acompanhamento pós-alta é fundamental para se evitar o desmame precoce. Ter nascido de parto cesáreo, não ser gemelar e ser baixo peso ao nascer aumentou as chances do prematuro se encontrar em AME ao fim do primeiro mês. Apesar de serem todos fatores não modificáveis pela equipe de saúde, seu conhecimento é importante para propiciar dados aos profissionais, no intuito de priorizar ações de apoio e incentivo ao aleitamento materno às mães mais vulneráveis ao desmame precoce. / Evidences of the benefits of breastfeeding to premature newborns are shown by studies, such as preventing and minimizing the necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and sepsis. However, newborns’ mothers present lower success rates in breastfeeding resulting in higher concerns and uncertainties. There are several difficulties concerning to premature breastfeeding, such as the ones resulting in their physiological immaturity, their clinic conditions related, and moreover, the fact that they are hospitalized. Although breastfeeding should be encouraged during hospitalization, newborns are early weaned, as soon as they leave hospital. In this context, it is demanding to the health professionals to be learning the breastfeeding practice in the hospital environment, but also its determinants in post-discharge period, so that effective interventions can be planned and implemented making possible the proper and suitable breastfeeding. The objective of this study is to analyze the situation of premature infants breastfeeding during the first month after the discharge. This is a longitudinal study which took place at two Baby-Friendly Hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Participants were 108 premature newborns who were discharged during the period April to June of 2014. The investigation was based on data survey through medical chart and phone interviews with the mothers, during the 15th and 30th days after discharge. Using two semistructured instruments with the variables related to maternal, institutional and premature characteristics. The prevalence of breastfeeding modalities were estimated for each given time: hospital discharge, 15 and 30 days after discharge. It was used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) thirty days following hospital discharge. The prevalence of EBF at hospital discharge was 85.2%, observing a significant reduction after this period (75.0% at 15 days and 46.3% at 30 days after discharge). After multivariate analysis, the type of delivery variables, twin pregnancy and birth weight were associated to EBF in 30 post-discharge day (OR = 2.794; OR = 8.350; and OR = 4.102, respectively). The results found show that is possible to achieve good rates of EBF in the premature infants discharge, but that the accompaniment post-discharge is fundamental to avoid early weaning. The chances to find the newborn in exclusive breastfeeding at the end of the first month is increased by being born of cesarean delivery, not being twin and having low weight at birth. Although all these factors cannot be changed by the health professionals, it is demanding for them to know these data, in order to prioritize actions to support and encourage breastfeeding to the most vulnerable mothers to the early weaned.

Despite the concept of twins and twinning being a highly explored area of research for many years, limited research has been conducted on the comparison of first and second born twin development. The nature of twins leads people to believe that twins will present with similar characteristics, however, this study explores the possibility that due to their ordinal position they could in fact present with differing characteristics and could differ developmentally. The early holistic development of a child influences the rest of their lives. Concerning twins, the development of individuality and self-knowledge is especially important. Theorists, such as Piaget (1950), propose that child development takes place in stages and that although the order in which children proceed through these stages is the same, the pace at which this takes place can vary. The necessity of monitoring the child’s journey through these stages highlights the value of child developmental assessment. This form of assessment needs to be holistic, needs to involve a multidisciplinary team of professionals and needs to utilize assessment measures that are valid, reliable, culture-fair and standardized. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) is one such measure. This study, focusing on twin development, aimed to contribute and provide valuable information to a larger research project that is currently under way aiming to increase the applicability of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) in the South African context. The primary aim of the study, however, was to explore and compare the performance of normal first born and second born twins, aged between 2 and 8 years 4 months old, on the GMDS-ER. The purpose of the study was to generate information on the relationship between first born twins’ general development and second born twins’ general development. An exploratory, descriptive quantitative design was used. Participants were selected through a combination of non-probability purposive, convenience and snowball sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t-tests were employed to compare the General Quotients (GQ’s) of the first and second born twins in the sample. Results showed that no significant differences were found between the first and second born twins’ general development. Information generated from this study contributed to 1) child development research; 2) twin developmental research within a South African context; and 3) a greater group of studies on the GMDS-ER, currently underway in the United Kingdom and South Africa, aiming to contribute to the international credibility of this measure

This study explored the separation of twins in foster care and examined how their lived experiences relate to their interpersonal relationships as adults. Many researchers have studied the long-term impact of nontwin sibling separation in foster care, but little is known about the separation of twins, leaving a significant gap in existing literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences twins who were separated in foster care as relates to their interpersonal relationships during adulthood. A qualitative, narrative approach was used to gather the lived experiences of one set of twins. The research questions examined how one specific set of adult fraternal twin sisters interpreted their personal experiences of being separated from each other while in foster care and whether this experience had an impact on their interpersonal relationships. The study relied on the theoretical foundations of attachment theory and family systems theory to support the use of existing literature and to integrate the research findings into current child welfare practice. Through personal interviews, each twin was asked to recall experiences from foster care and comment on the impact of being separated from their twin. Thematic analysis of the interview data and observations of the interview process helped to identify four themes: forming successful attachments, mental health issues, trauma history, and number and type of placements experienced. To encourage social change these results can inform the child welfare system, add to the body of existing research, and influence future placement decisions regarding twins in foster care.

Throughout history, humans have proven to develop and improve their quality of life constantly. Incorporating mechanical principles into otherwise manual labor was one such aspect. Today, introducing mechanization to the industry and steam power is regarded as the first industrial revolution. Since then, a second and a third have followed, introducing concepts such as electricity, automation, computers, and computerization. Finally, in 2011 the fourth industrial revolution was introduced as Industry 4.0 by a project started in Germany, which considers digitalization. Industry 4.0 uses concepts such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing. The goal of these concepts is to be able to further the capabilities of automation in the industry, creating smart factories. A problem experienced today when making changes to the production line is that an immense amount of hard coding is required for the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controlling the system as well as for the system controlling the factory. The Eclipse Arrowhead Framework addresses these issues by applying a particular set of parameters to all systems within the IT infrastructure. The Arrowheadframework offers parameters such as orchestrator, authorization, and a service registry to each system incorporated within the framework. By applying this, the System of Systems (SoS) and the parameters provided by the Arrowhead framework create a local cloud. In doing so, each system within a factory belongs to its local cloud, building a factory made of a cluster of local clouds. By applying the ideas of Industry 4.0, a proof of concept is created, showing that today’s industry would benefit from using the concepts stated above with digital twins. The thesis explores and proves that, with the help of digital twins, today’s industry can cut down on manufacturing process development. In addition, it reduces the time it takes to apply changes to the production line by enabling machine learning to facilitate human interaction. A model factory created by fischertechnik is used, together with a PLC, as the physical twin in this master thesis. In addition, using Siemens Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software NX, a digital twin is created; this digital twin will communicate with the physical twin to simulate the behavior of the physical twin in real-time. A server has been created and is acting as a hub of communication for both of the twins. The use of the digital twin to communicate with the physical twin will enable tremendous advances in automation regarding industry 4.0.

The market has been evolving lately, with the introduction of more and more digital tools that industries are making use to improve their overall operations within the Production process. The integration of digital tools within the Product realization process has major advantages in improving production performance. Many large industries make use of digital tools to digitize their products making them smart products. Implementing these digital tools can be beneficial for reshaping the organization which can lead to better customer satisfaction and improve business strategy. This project explores different digital tools that can be integrated with the product realization process and how these tools contribute to the different production development phases. This thesis presents a detailed study of the digital tools Simulation, Visualization, Emulation, and Digital twins which can be integrated with the product development process. A pre-study is conducted to gather knowledge regarding the application of these tools and further discover how these tools can support the Product realization process and is used to describe which tool works best at which stage of the product realization process, which can be used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the production process. Implementing these digital tools within the production facility can be associated to smart factory paradigm of the Fourth industrial revolution Industry4.0.This research aims to contribute to the use of digital tools in the production processes and aids in bridging the gap between traditional and modern manufacturing methods. The outcome of this study is to clarify how the above-mentioned digital tools are linked to the product realization process to support an efficient and digitalized production development, also mentioning the strengths and weaknesses of these tools. The resulting analysis has provided a framework developed to support an efficient digitalized production development and preparation process for assembly tasks utilizing human and robot collaboration. This research paper can be used as a guide for companies that want to explore how implementing digital tools in their product realization process and how it may improve their productivity.

The design and construction of high-performance buildings have emerged as a preferred solution for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, sometimes there is a considerable gap between the design performance and the actual performance of the buildings. Post Occupancy Evaluations (POE) provide tools to quantify the performance relative to the occupant's health, well-being, and comfort. POE is getting widely accepted to obtain feedback for various parameters such as water, energy, indoor environmental quality, and occupant comfort. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be derived based on the obtained feedback to determine the performance gaps. POE has evolved to be a robust scientific methodology; however, traditional methods of conducting POE have been proven time-consuming, inconsistent, and inefficient. This research aims to conceptualize the next generation of post occupancy evaluations that leverages cutting-edge technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things based sensors (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and digital twins. The key contributions of this research are presented in a series of manuscripts. In the first paper, the gaps in the existing POE were determined by conducting a thorough literature review. The observed gaps were classified in data collection, analysis, and visualization categories. Broader POE definition, spot measurements of parameters, and 2D plans and charts for visualization made the existing POE procedure time-consuming. Using digital twins that combine the geometric and parametric data from BIM models and built-environment data from GIS and sensor measurements were recommended as potential solutions to address the observed gaps. The second paper explored the application of BIM-IoT-GIS integration to conduct POE. Use case scenarios were developed to derive system requirements to host the BIM-IoT-GIS-integrated POE. Four sequential tests were conducted to integrate a BIM model from Revit and sensors' data from Excel with ArcGIS pro that contained the surrounding environment data. Based on lessons learned from the tests, an optimized workflow was recommended that can be used across a variety of projects. The third paper used the BIM-IoT-GIS-integration concept to create a holistic proof of concept for digital-twin-enabled POE. The proof of concept was validated by conducting a digital-twin-based POE on the STTC building on the Red River College campus in Winnipeg. The indoor thermal comfort was visualized within the STTC digital twin developed in ArcGIS Pro. The preliminary energy consumption analysis concluded that the STTC buildings' average energy savings were approximately 70,000 KWH/year. The potential users for digital-twin-enabled POE were presented with a comparison of iv existing POE and digital-twin-based POE over a survey and a focus group discussion. Based on opinion-based feedback, the conclusion can be made that digital twins improve the overall efficiency of POE. The fourth paper recommended the digital-twin-enabled POE procedure for UVic's engineering expansion project. It established the semantics for POE, followed by a digital twin execution plan that can be used for developing a digital twin during each phase (from planning to operations) of the project. Furthermore, the benefits of the digital-twin-enabled POE procedure were demonstrated by comparison with the existing POE procedure relative to the project phases. This study concluded that conducting the POE on the UVic ECS expansion project will enable the researchers to determine the effectiveness of sustainable features by comparing the performance of existing and proposed facilities. In conclusion, BIM-IoT-GIS-integrated digital twins address the limitations of data collection, analysis, and visualization. These digital twins will enable multi-objective analysis and spatial-temporal visualization and provide deeper insights into the way these high-performance buildings function. / Graduate / 2023-05-24

Bygg- och fastighetsbranschen präglas av långsam digitaliserings takt där bristande dokumentation förekommer och i vissa fall försvårar beslutsfattningsmoment. Digitala tvillingar är kända för att effektivisera fastighetsförvaltning och bidra till bättre beslutsfattning. Trots det är det många som inte har hört talas om digitala tvillingar. Mot bakgrund av att det är ett outforskat område undersöker denna studie beslutsfattningsmomentet med digital tvilling inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Studiens resultat baseras på intervjuer med ett stort byggföretag och en digital-tvilling-leverantör. Det framgår att en digital tvilling kan bestå av en eller flera av delarna: 3D- scanning, sensorer samt tilläggsfunktioner såsom analyser, styrning och olika applikationer, varav definitionen av en digital tvilling varierar. Resultatet visar att 3D scanning är särskilt lämpligt när det kommer till ombyggnationer och relationshandlingar (det verkliga utförandet av byggnaden), varav sensorer är användbara inom beslutsfattning utifrån prediktivt underhåll, mätning av nyttjande och energiuppföljning. Vidare framkommer det att tillägg av analyser kan föreslå lämpliga beslut och att styrning kan möjliggöra digital fastighetsskötsel, medan AI moduler kan ersätta den mänskliga beslutsfattningen. Utifrån det empiriska materialet som framkom tillämpades situationsmedvetenhet som teoretiskt ramverk för att förklara hur digitala tvillingar kan bidra med dokumentation som leder till bättre uppfattning och förståelse för omgivningen, vilket möjliggör mer välgrundade beslut. Slutligen konstaterar studien att utformningen av digitala tvillingar och dess funktioner avgör hur de kan användas vid beslutsfattning, något som gör kravställningen av dessa till en avgörande aspekt. / The construction and real estate industry is characterized by a slow rate of digitization and lack of documentation, which in some cases makes decision-making difficult. Digital twins are known to contribute to more efficient property management and better decision-making. Despite this, many people have not heard of digital twins. Since it is an unexplored area, this study examines the decision-making with digital twins in the construction and real estate industry. The study's results are based on interviews with a large construction company and a digital twin supplier. It appears that a digital twin can consist of one or more of the parts: 3D scanning, sensors and additional functions such as analyses, control and various applications, where the definition of a digital twin varies. The result shows that 3D scanning is particularly suitable when it comes to reconstruction and as-built documents. Sensors appear to be useful in decision-making according to predictive maintenance, measurement of utilization and energy follow-up. Furthermore, it appears that digital twin analyses can suggest appropriate decisions and that control can enable digital property management, while AI modules can replace human decision-making. Based on the empirical material, situational awareness was applied as a theoretical framework to explain how digital twins can contribute with documentation that leads to a better perception and understanding of the environment, enabling more informed decisions. The study thus states that the design of digital twins determine how they can be used in decision-making, something that makes the requirements of these a vital aspect.

<p>The written component of the dissertation accompanying the "Harmonic Resurgence" mixtape is a captivating exploration of the extraordinary lives of the Godino twins. Through meticulous research and eloquent storytelling, this written work delves deep into the experiences, struggles, and triumphs of the twins, offering a profound and thought-provoking narrative. The dissertation showcases a pioneering approach that merges music and academia, demonstrating the creator's prowess in both artistic expression and scholarly investigation.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Each chapter of the dissertation is dedicated to dissecting significant moments in the twins' lives, meticulously analyzing the emotions and themes portrayed in the mixtape's tracks. It unravels the intricacies of the twins' profound connection and individual growth, while shedding light on the innovative fusion of storytelling and music that makes "Harmonic Resurgence" an unparalleled work of art.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The written component transcends conventional norms in academic research, inviting readers on an immersive journey through the Godino twins' legacy. With meticulous attention to detail and a seamless interweaving of music and narrative, this work serves as a testament to the power of creativity and its ability to touch lives on a profound level.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Overall, the written component of the dissertation complements the "Harmonic Resurgence" mixtape, providing a comprehensive and deeply insightful perspective on the Godino twins' tale. Through this extraordinary academic exploration, their legacy is honored, celebrated, and forever etched into the hearts of those who engage with this groundbreaking work.</p>