Esta dissertação analisa o recurso ordinário constitucional, espécie recursal autônoma e heterogênea, em Processo Civil. Apenas dois tribunais superiores, o Supremo Tribunal Federal e o Superior Tribunal de Justiça, possuem competência para julgar esse recurso. Inicia conceituando recurso e duplo grau de jurisdição, bem como apontando as semelhanças e as diferenças entre esses dois institutos jurídicos processuais. Em seguida, define o critério de classificação dos recursos entre ordinários em sentido amplo e extraordinários em sentido amplo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, para apontar em qual categoria se enquadra o recurso ordinário constitucional. Verifica a origem histórica do recurso ordinário constitucional, com enfoque na sua disciplina pelas Constituições Federais do Brasil republicano, para que identifique quais são os motivos pelos quais essa espécie recursal existe e deve ou não ser mantida atualmente. Define cada uma das hipóteses de cabimento do recurso ordinário constitucional, priorizando a definição daquelas interessantes para o Processo Civil. Delineia os aspectos procedimentais desse recurso (requisitos de admissibilidade, efeitos devolutivo e suspensivo, procedimento perante o juízo a quo e perante o juízo ad quem, possibilidade da sua interposição adesiva e cabimento de embargos infringentes e de embargos de divergência). Aponta as funções dos tribunais superiores brasileiros, comparando-as com as funções e com os recursos de competência de Cortes Constitucionais e de tribunais superiores estrangeiros. Conclui pela necessidade de manutenção do recurso ordinário constitucional no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, com algumas alterações das hipóteses de cabimento. / This dissertation analyses the recurso ordinário constitucional, a heterogenic and autonomous kind of appeal, in its Civil Procedure forms. Only two superior courts, the Supremo Tribunal Federal (the Brazilian Supreme Court) and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (the Brazilian Federal Court of Appeals) can judge that kind of appeal. It starts conceptualizing what is an appeal and what is a two-tier judicial exam, as well as their resemblances and differences. It follows defining the standard on how to classify the appeals between ordinary and extraordinary in the Brazilian law, so the recurso ordinário constitucional can be appointed to a category. It verifies the historical origin of that kind of appeal, with special focus on its constitutional discipline, since Brazil has being a republic, so it is possible to identify the reasons why that kind of appeal exists and should or should not be maintained nowadays. It defines each one of the cases that the recurso ordinário constitucional can be interposed, prioritizing the ones regarding Civil Procedure. It outlines the procedural aspects of that kind of appeal (its admissibility requirements, its staying and non-staying effects, its procedure before the judex a quo and the judex ad quem, the possibility of that kind of appeal being adhesive, and the acceptance of the embargos infringentes and the embargos de divergência, two different kinds of appeal). It points out the scopes of the Brazilian superior courts, comparing them to the scopes and the appeals judged by foreign Constitutional Courts and superior courts. It concludes that the recurso ordinário constitucional should remain on the Brazilian law, with some modifications regarding the cases it can be interposed.

Current trends in ERP system were studied by conducting research and analyzes to see to what degree are current ERP trends reflected in existing ERP solutions that are being developed by both Czech and multinational vendors. For the purposes of the research a set of hypotheses was formulated and used to analyze the selected solutions. The research found two trends that are represented in the majority of selected ERP solutions. The application of cloud computing technology and the suitability to use particular solutions as two-tiered ERP. It was also found that all researched vendors to a certain degree implement the principles of Green ICT, although no vendor specifically labeled their software as Green ERP. It was also found that the term Social ERP doesn't appear to be an acceptable term for ERP vendors, although Social ERP functionality of some degree was found to be present in ERP solutions from multinational vendors.

Syfte: Studien genomförs i syfte att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan BGD (Board Gender Diversity) och total CSP (Corporate Social Performance) samt mellan BGD och miljödimensionen respektive den sociala dimensionen.   Metod: I studien antas en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med hypotetiskt-deduktiv ansats. Två urval med olika bolagssystem undersöks. Totalt undersöks 403 europeiska bolag. 121 bolag med dualistiskt bolagssystem och 282 bolag med monistiskt bolagssystem. Studiens kvantitativa forskningsstrategi formas utifrån en longitudinell design vilken implementerats mellan åren 2008-2017. All data samlades in via Thomson Reuters Datastream och analyserades sedan i SPSS.   Resultat & slutsats: Studien finner ett signifikant positivt samband mellan BGD och total CSP samt mellan BGD och miljödimensionen respektive den sociala dimensionen. Företag med högre BGD tycks ha större benägenhet att investera i CSR. hållbarhetsprestation. Sambandet påvisas inom såväl det dualistiska som det monistiska bolagssystemet. BGD:s påverkanseffekt är dock starkare inom det monistiska bolagssystemet.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Med studien erhålls ny kunskap om relationen mellan BGD och total CSP samt mellan BGD och miljödimensionen samt den sociala dimensionen. Studien är bland de första att göra en jämförelse mellan det dualistiska och det monistiska bolagssystemet. Resultatet är relevant med hänsyn till att det ställs allt högre krav på företag att agera hållbart samt den pågående debatten om huruvida EU bör införa obligatorisk könskvotering i styrelser.     Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ytterligare forskning på land- och branschnivå behövs då sambandet kan skilja sig åt mellan de olika länderna och branscherna, och således påverka logiken bakom obligatorisk könskvotering. Framtida forskning föreslås även inkludera det tredje bolagssystemet, mixed board structure. Vidare ges förslaget att titta närmre på företagsrisken och dess betydelse inom olika bolagssystem, dels med avseende på företagens hållbarhetsprestation, men även med avseende på BGD. Slutligen föreslås framtida forskning undersöka de enskilda CSP-dimensionerna närmre i syfte att utröna vad som kan ligga bakom BGD:s större inverkan på den sociala dimensionen. / Aim: The study is carried out in order to investigate whether there is a link between BGD (Board Gender Diversity) and total CSP (Corporate Social Performance) as well as between BGD and the environmental and social dimension respectively.   Method: In this study we adopt a positivist research philosophy with a hypothetical-deductive approach. Two samples with different board systems are studied. 403 European companies in total are studied. 121 companies with a two-tier board system and 282 companies with a one-tier board system. The quantitative research strategy is based on a longitudinal design implemented between 2008-2017. All data was collected through Thomson Reuters Datastream and then analyzed using SPSS.   Result & Conclusions: The study finds a significant positive relationship between BGD and total CSP as well as between BGD and the environmental dimension and the social dimension respectively. Companies with higher BGD seems to be more likely to invest in CSR. The relationship is found within the two-tier board system as well as the one-tier board system. However, the impact of BGD is stronger within the one-tier board system.   Contribution of the thesis: The study provides new knowledge about the relationship between BGD and total CSP as well as between BGD and the environmental dimension and the social dimension. The study is among the first to make a comparison between the two-tier board system and the one-tier board system. The result is relevant in view of the increasing demands on companies to act sustainably as well as the ongoing debate on whether the EU should introduce mandatory gender quotas on boards.   Suggestions for future research: Further research at country and industry level is needed as the relationship may differ between different countries and industries, thus affecting the logic behind mandatory gender quotas. Future research is also proposed to include the third board system, mixed board structure. Furthermore, the proposal to look more closely at the corporate risk and its importance within various board systems, partly with regard to the companies’ sustainability performance, but also with regard to BGD, is given. Finally, it is proposed that future research could investigate the individual CSP dimensions more closely in order to determine what may be behind BGDs greater impact on the social dimension.

There are numerous guidelines recommending that captive primates live in complex environments in which they have the opportunity to make choices and the ability to control aspects of the environment, despite the lack of quantitative evidence to suggest these qualities improve welfare. Complexity, choice and control (the ‘Three Cs’) are inter-related and therefore it is complicated to separate their effects. The main aim of this thesis was to examine how the ‘Three Cs’ affect welfare, using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model. Behavioural measures and preference tests were used to determine the impact and significance of the ‘Three Cs’ on welfare. Experimental manipulations were natural (i.e. access to outside runs), or unnatural (e.g. pressing a button to control additional illumination). In a series of different studies, marmosets were moved to larger and more complex enclosures, were allowed to choose between indoor cages and outdoor complex enclosures and were able to control additional white light or coloured lights in their home enclosures. The results of these studies show that appropriate levels of each of the ‘Three Cs’ had a positive influence on the welfare of the marmosets, especially on youngsters. Although having control over light, and increased illumination itself improved welfare, providing a choice of access to outside runs (which were more complex and allowed the marmosets greater control over their activities) resulted in the greatest welfare improvement for marmosets of all ages. Loss of access, or control, did not appear to have a negative impact. The marmosets were housed in pairs or in family groups, in the different studies. A cross-study comparison shows that the composition of the groups affected the behavioural response of adult marmosets to environmental enrichment. Unexpectedly, it was also found that, when housed in standard laboratory conditions, adult marmosets were more relaxed when housed in pairs than when housed with their offspring. A secondary aim of the thesis was to quantify welfare indicators and activity budgets of common marmosets in a range of different social and physical contexts, and to compare this with the behaviour of wild marmosets, to increase our understanding of what is “normal” in captive situations. It is concluded that it is critical to sub-divide locomotion and inactivity into different levels to interpret these measures accurately. Levels of calm locomotion increased in enriched environments, while levels of relaxed inactivity and scent marking decreased. A number of recommendations for the care and housing of marmosets are made.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regiane Martins dos Santos.pdf: 1085712 bytes, checksum: c4fd27b8db162fc59d3bf9f0b258553e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / The present task has the intention to present, analytically, the existing urgent measures in the Brazilian law, highlighting its use under appellate level. Begins with the conceptualization of the precautionary measure institutes, with the anticipation of the legal protection and the injunctions, going by the analysis of its peculiarities, distinctions and similarities. Then, the characteristics features of each guardianship analyzed in this study, highlighting its requirements and entering slowly in its peculiarities. Subsequently, the study addresses the filing of such measures on appellate headquarters, presenting the general theory of resources for, then, treat more specifically the use of the emergency measures also in this procedural sphere. Still, the peculiarities surrounding the new system of emergency measures under the new Code of Civil Procedure project are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions of the study are brought, presenting the corollary of the analysis and showing the most notable similarities and differences about the displayed topic / O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar, de forma analítica, as medidas de urgência existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, destacando sua utilização no âmbito recursal. Inicia-se pela conceituação dos institutos da medida cautelar, da antecipação de tutela e das liminares, passando-se à análise de suas peculiaridades, distinções e semelhanças. Em seguida, são apresentados os traços característicos de cada uma das tutelas analisadas neste estudo, destacando seus requisitos e adentrando com mais vagar em suas particularidades. Posteriormente, o estudo aborda a interposição de tais medidas em sede recursal, apresentando a teoria geral dos recursos para, em seguida, tratar mais especificamente da utilização das medidas de urgência também nesta esfera processual. Ainda, são destacadas as peculiaridades que cercam a nova sistemática das medidas de urgência no âmbito do projeto do novo código de processo civil. Por fim, são trazidas as conclusões do estudo, apresentando o corolário da análise realizada e demonstrando as semelhanças e divergências mais notórias observadas a respeito do tema exibido

The main aim of European economic integration is to reach the common market of goods, services, persons and capital. To make this aim easier to realize in terms of free movement of capital, European Commission has created the statute of the European company (Societas Europaea, SE) as a new institute and corporate vehicle on the supranational level. The paper offers information about creation of the European company according to Comunitary and Czech national law and its corporate structure and mentions several concrete cases of company creation or transformation. The end of the study is dedicated to an analysis of the current usage of European company and advantages and disadvantages of this legal form of trading company together with a summary of current experience with the existence of European company and with the possible future of transnational companies within European Union.

自我國企業併購法容許以現金作為併購對價後，現金逐出合併即成為我國法制上適法之併購類型。惟現金逐出合併通常為控制股東利用股權優勢，以現金對價剝奪少數股東留存於併購後公司之手段，故控制股東是否濫用資本多數決侵害少數股東權益以獨占併購利益乃成為現金逐出合併上不可忽視之討論重點。 本文以比較日本法之觀點，針對專屬於併購之保護機制及公司法上既有之救濟機制進行比較分析，以釐清及了解現行制度於實際操作上是否確實能夠在現金逐出合併之實行過程中發揮保護少數股東之功能。討論範圍上，前者，包含「資訊揭露制度」與「股份收買請求權」；後者，包含「股東制止請求權」與「爭執併購決議效力之訴訟」。比較內容圍繞在此四項制度於解釋適用上之學說與實務觀點。 除保護機制之討論外，本文另從二階段收購之角度探討少數股東之權益侵害。討論範圍上，主要以與股份收買請求權具有密切關係之控制權溢價分配及公開收購壓迫性兩者作為討論之對象，並從日本法之比較分析觀點，探討是否可透過股份收買請求權使少數股東分享控制權溢價，及解決二階段收購下可能引發之壓迫性問題。 最後，本文針對現行制度提出檢討與建議。在保護機制部分，資訊揭露制度應補強揭露內容與強化非公開發行公司之保護，股份收買請求權應調整目前實務採用之計算方式，股東制止請求權與爭執決議效力之訴訟應作一體性之調整。至於二階段收購部分，則應容許少數股東可分享控制權溢價，並暫以股份收買請求權解決公開收購之壓迫性問題。

The subject of this thesis was to develop project documentation for building construction. It is a new four-storey house with restaurant, situated on the outskirts of the village Bridges at Jablunkova. The building is brick, has a two-level gable and shed roof, consisting of wood roof system. Slope of the parcel on which the house is located, allows the building of the plant into the ground. Because of this it is possible to enter it, either the main entrance to the first floor or building around and over the summer terrace come directly to the restaurant on the second floor. Above it are two more floors for hotel guests only, a total of 10 accommodation units with its own bathroom.