This thesis is focused on the elimination of slums in Kenya. It is currently facing a huge challenge - improving the quality of life of slum dwellers. Despite the large amount of efforts developed to promote the slums in Kenya, the situation remains problematic and local slums has already grown to such proportions that it was not easy efficient and sustainable. Thesis is divided into three subsequent chapters. The first chapter focuses on the economic, political and social situation in Kenya. In the second chapter I explain term slum, it's history, the life of slum dwellers and I also think about causes of their origin and subsequent dynamic urban sprawl. The third chapter is focused on the actual Kenyan slums and projects dedicated to tackle the challenges of their elimination. My goal is to identify the causes that lead to the extension of slums. Further I want to analyze how the issue of slums in Kenya is solved and whether these projects are effective and sustainable.

Title: The real estate company's actions based on sustainable urban development: A study of how the economic dimension is considered in refurbishment project Authors: Ajla Bekic and Rojda Taher Keywords: Sustainable urban development, economic sustainability, the million program, UN-Habitat Problem description: How can UN-Habitat's five principles for sustainable urban development help real estate companies to think strategically about economic sustainability? How is the economic sustainability affected by the conversion of tenancies into condominiums and proprietorship in connection with the refurbishment of million program areas? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand how economic sustainability is considered in urban development projects and analyse how sustainability is affected by a conversion Methodology: In the study, a deductive research approach has been adopted. Furthermore, a qualitative study was conducted with the help of semi-structured interview guides to achieve open dialogues with all respondents Conclusion: The result of this study shows that economic sustainability is considered in urban development projects when balancing with the ecological and social dimension. The theories UN-Habitat and evidence-based work procedure are a guidance to a sustainable urban development in million program areas. The transformation process is possible in million program areas, but financial obstacles can be identified, which calls for a sustainable way of working. / Titel: Fastighetsbolagets agerande utifrån hållbar stadsutveckling: En studie om hur den ekonomiska dimensionen beaktas i upprustningsprojekt Författare: Ajla Bekic och Rojda Taher   Nyckelord: Hållbar stadsutveckling, ekonomisk hållbarhet, miljonprogrammet, UN-Habitat Problemformulering: Hur kan UN-Habitats fem principer för hållbar stadsutveckling hjälpa fastighetsbolag att tänka strategiskt kring ekonomisk hållbarhet? Hur påverkas den ekonomiska hållbarheten vid ombildning av hyresrätter till bostadsrätter och äganderätter i samband med upprustning av miljonprogramsområden? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå hur den ekonomiska hållbarheten beaktas i stadsutvecklingsprojekt och analysera hur hållbarheten påverkas av en ombildning. Metod: I studien har en deduktiv forskningsansats antagits. Vidare har en kvalitativ studie genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuguider i syfte att åstadkomma öppna dialoger med samtliga respondenter Slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie påvisar att ekonomisk hållbarhet beaktas i stadsutvecklingsprojekt vid balans med den ekologiska och sociala dimensionen. Teorierna UN-Habitat och evidensbaserat arbetssätt är en vägledning till hållbar stadsutveckling i miljonprogramsområden. Ombildningsprocessen är möjlig i miljonprogramsområden men ekonomiska hinder kan identifieras, därav uppmanas ett hållbart arbetssätt.

This study is a deductive quantitative analysis of perceptions of sustainable functions within a cross section of Swedish municipalities. It builds upon the United Nations Human Settlement Program (UN-HABITAT 2013) and their argument that the narrow focus upon economic growth have been given too much attention compared to the social and environmental pillars in the planning and creation and development of sustainable settlements. Therefore this report focuses on the social and environmental pillars of the sustainability concept and finds a clear relationship between the two and how the inhabitants of Swedish municipalities values their locations as places to live in. The study is conducted by a applying a quantitative approach on survey data from Statistics Sweden (2015), by creating variables which correspond to socially and environmentally sustainable urban planning theory and authors such as Healey, Masnavi, Habermas, UN-HABITAT, Brantz, Bramley and Power and many more. What comes out as most important is Citizen Participation***, Public Space***, Diversity*** and Public transportation*** which all increase the level of Municipal citizen satisfaction both with and without controlling for Education possibilities* (which also have a positive significant effect), Large city regions (City 50**) (also significant positive effect) with hinterlands and Unemployment rates*** (with a quite obvious significant negative effect). What stands out in the controlled model is that all coefficients decrease, except for Diversity*** which increase, indicating the importance of local services, shops, culture and recreation when other primary needs are covered. Note: Throughout the thesis:  *, **, ** indicate significance 0.1, 0.05. 0.01.

<p>Urbanisation processes in developing countries are resulting in a rapidly increasing proportion of habitants living in urban slum areas. In the international development debate the lack of tenure security for slum dwellers in developing countries is considered to be an essentially important problem. Within the framework of the UN Millennium Development Programme the necessity of efforts towards increased tenure security for marginalised urban residents was agreed upon. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the overall progress towards improved living conditions for slum area residents is showing the least positive results. This paper investigates the occurrence of activities in the region which show an ambition of improving tenure security for people living in urban slum areas. It does so by examining cases submitted from African countries to the UN-HABITAT database of best international practices in the improvement of living conditions.</p>

Urbanisation processes in developing countries are resulting in a rapidly increasing proportion of habitants living in urban slum areas. In the international development debate the lack of tenure security for slum dwellers in developing countries is considered to be an essentially important problem. Within the framework of the UN Millennium Development Programme the necessity of efforts towards increased tenure security for marginalised urban residents was agreed upon. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the overall progress towards improved living conditions for slum area residents is showing the least positive results. This paper investigates the occurrence of activities in the region which show an ambition of improving tenure security for people living in urban slum areas. It does so by examining cases submitted from African countries to the UN-HABITAT database of best international practices in the improvement of living conditions.

[pt] Partindo da perspectiva dos estudos sobre governamentalidade iniciados por Michel Foucault, o presente trabalho analisa políticas urbanas nacionais e internacionais. São estudados o Programa de Pacificação de favelas do Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e as políticas urbanas emuladas pela UN-HABITAT com o objetivo de identificar de que maneira se pensa o espaço urbano e os sujeitos políticos na contemporaneidade. Diferentes racionalidades liberais de governo são discutidas com o intuito de identificar rearticulações na forma através do qual se ordena o espaço urbano. O argumento é que o problema do governo, que no liberalismo clássico era conformado a partir de uma perspectiva moral ou normativa vai, em alguma medida, se rearticular em torno de uma perspectiva racional/econômica ou normalizada, típica do neoliberalismo. Em outras palavras, a forma através da qual se pensam sujeitos governantes e governados, em certa medida, se torna menos centrada em uma discussão a respeito de sujeitos morais e mais em torno de sujeitos racionais/econômicos. / [en] Supported by the governmentality studies perspective initiated by Michel Foucault, this dissertation analyses national and international urban policies. The favelas Pacification Program of Rio de Janeiro s government and UN-HABITAT urban policies are the main objects of study. The objective is to identify how the urban space and political subjects are constituted as targets of intervention in contemporaneity. Liberal rationalities of government are discussed with the intent of identifying rearticulations in the way through which the urban space is organized. The argument is that the problem of government in classical liberalism was shaped by a moral or normative perspective. This perspective isrearticulated into a more normalized rational/economic rationality. In other words, the way through which political subjects are thought and acted upon is becoming less centered in moral subjects and more centered in a discussion about rational/economic individuals.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissARCB.pdf: 1227960 bytes, checksum: 5fe6fb05fd0355b102b5b0d3fa329830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Identifying the several improper forms of dwelling is fundamental to permit the definition of priorities by the public specialized agencies, as building of new residence demands high investments. For this purpose, it is essential to stimulate a rigorous methodological discussion, with the spread of indicators, components and concepts used in the identification of housing needs. In this sense, the present dissertation intends to discuss the calculation of urban housing needs in Brazil through the study of three housing need indicator systems, two of them developed by Brazilian official agencies - the Fundação João Pinheiro and Fundação SEADE and one developed by an international organization - the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (HABITAT). The general objective of this work is to analyze the three indicator systems in a comparative way aiming a methodological improvement and, the specific objectives are to identify the housing needs evaluated by each one of them and to compare the indicators used based on criteria previously defined. In result, it was possible to confirm that the three methods of calculation identify similar housing needs, however using different indicators. / Captar as várias formas impróprias de morar é fundamental para permitir a definição de prioridades pelos órgãos públicos competentes, visto que a construção de novas moradias demanda altos investimentos. Para tanto, é essencial incentivar um rigoroso debate metodológico, com a divulgação dos indicadores, componentes e conceitos utilizados na identificação das carências habitacionais. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação procura discutir o método de cálculo das carências habitacionais urbanas no Brasil a partir do estudo de três sistemas de indicadores, dois deles desenvolvidos por órgãos oficiais brasileiros a Fundação João Pinheiro e a Fundação SEADE e um desenvolvido por um organismo internacional a Agência das Nações Unidas para Assentamentos Humanos (HABITAT). O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar comparativamente os três sistemas de indicadores visando a um aprimoramento metodológico, e os objetivos específicos, identificar as carências avaliadas por cada um deles e comparar os indicadores utilizados, com base em critérios de seleção de indicadores previamente definidos. Como resultados da pesquisa, foi possível confirmar que os três sistemas de indicadores identificam carências habitacionais semelhantes, porém utilizando indicadores diferentes.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T12:30:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ DUARTE CORREA DE BRITO.pdf: 1677429 bytes, checksum: b6ec63c0c513a08b58b8f1f9a813c915 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T12:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ DUARTE CORREA DE BRITO.pdf: 1677429 bytes, checksum: b6ec63c0c513a08b58b8f1f9a813c915 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / With the advent of the New Urban Agenda, the United Nations (UN) began to treat housing not only as the physical space that shelters a family, but as the physical space inserted in a larger context: the context of the city, thus, the right to the city. This City should be inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, in accordance with SDG11. In this way, this work proposes to analyze the evolution of the right to housing, from the right to human settlements to the right to the city, through the analysis of the three UN-Habitat Conferences, which deal with the subject, and the deployment of these Conferences in Brazilian legislation, with a special focus on the My House My Life Program, the main Brazilian housing policy, which was the basis of a comparison between the Brazilian reality and the international legal order on housing. / Com o advento da Nova Agenda Urbana, a Organiza??o das Na??es Unidas (ONU) passou a tratar a moradia n?o somente como o espa?o f?sico que abriga uma fam?lia, mas como o espa?o f?sico inserido em um contexto maior: o contexto da cidade, consolidando, assim, o direito ? cidade. Cidade essa que deve ser includente, segura, resiliente e sustent?vel, nos termos do ODS11. Dessa forma, esse trabalho se prop?s a analisar a evolu??o do direito ? moradia, desde o direito a assentamentos humanos at? o direito ? cidade, por meio da an?lise das tr?s Confer?ncias da ONU-Habitat, que tratam sobre o tema, e os desdobramentos dessas Confer?ncias na legisla??o brasileira, com especial enfoque para o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, principal pol?tica habitacional brasileira, que foi base de uma compara??o entre a realidade brasileira e o ordenamento jur?dico internacional sobre moradia.

[pt] Estimulado pela percepção de um crescente uso do termo “resiliência” em documentos oficiais, em ambientes acadêmicos e no vocabulário popular, o presente trabalho procura explorar as condições para a propagação do termo, assim como as consequências de seu uso em políticas públicas. O conceito, popularizado no contexto da disciplina da biologia, foi transportado para as ciências sociais a partir de uma aproximação entre as racionalidades da ecologia e da economia. Este movimento de aproximação resultou em uma nova concepção do mundo social como complexo, permeado por toda sorte de riscos, e habitado por sujeitos fundamentalmente vulneráveis. A ampla mobilização do conceito na Nova Agenda Urbana, principal documento da ONU-Habitat para a formulação de políticas urbanas, demonstra o grau de legitimidade conquistado pela ideia de resiliência urbana. Para melhor entendermos como esta ideia é invocada na prática, analisaremos seu uso nos contextos do Furacão Katrina, quando atingiu o sul dos Estados Unidos, em 2005, e no rompimento da barragem da Samarco em Mariana, ocorrido em 2015 em Minas Gerais. / [en] Encouraged by the perception of a growing use of the term resilience on official documents, in academic environments and in the popular vocabulary, the present work aims to explore the conditions for the dissemination of the term, as well as the consequences of its use in public policy discourses. The concept, which was popularized in the context of the biological sciences, was transported to the social sciences through a theoretical convergence between the rationalities of ecology and economy. This movement resulted on a new conception of the social world, in which it is conceived as complex, permeated by all sorts of risks, and populated by fundamentally vulnerable subjects. The wide employment of the concept by the New Urban Agenda, UN-Habitat s main document for urban policy formulation, demonstrates the degree of legitimacy that was conquered by the idea of an urban resilience. In order for us to better understand how the idea is evoked in practice, we will analyze its use in the contexts of Hurricane Katrina, when it hit the South of the United States, in 2005, and in the context of Samarco s dam rupture in Mariana, which took place in 2015, in Minas Gerais.