Capitalization table (cap table) is a public ledger that tracks the equity ownership of a company’s shareholders. For start-up and non-public companies this information is usually stored in a spreadsheet but even after just a couple of investment rounds the cap table can become highly complex. A factor that further increases the complexity is the need for entrepreneurs and investors to use the data for analysis and calculations for future decision making. The purpose of the thesis has been to create a design hypotheses of a usable graphical user interface that allows shareholders to more clearly understand the ownership situation of the company and future scenario. To answer the research question a user-centered design approach along with a case study was applied. The case study was chosen and performed on a start-up that already offers a web service for better management of corporation documents so that real users could be part of the design process and so that their needs could be analysed. After three iterations, an end result (implemented in AngularJS and TypeScript) was obtained, which can be split into two equal parts. Firstly, a view containing a timeline of the company and its current ownership. The view can also be used to get a snapshot of the company’s ownership in a specific point in time and to simulate how future investment rounds could dilute the current shareholder’s ownership. Secondly, a view where users can simulate future exit scenarios and how much each shareholder will earn in an exit.

Our society is dependent on information and the different technologies and artifacts that gives us access to it. However, the technologies we have come to depend on in different aspects of our lives are imperfect and during the past decade, these imperfections have been the target of identity thieves, cyber criminals and malicious persons within and outside the organization. These malicious persons often target networks of organizations such as hospitals, banks and other financial organizations. Access to these networks are often gained by sidestepping security mechanisms of computer-systems connected to the organization’s network. Often, the goal of computer-systems security mechanisms is to prevent or detect threats; or recover from an eventual attack. However, despite huge investments in IT-security infrastructure and Information security, over 95% of banks, hospitals and government agencies have at least 10 malicious infections bypass existing security mechanisms and enter their network without being detected. This has resulted in the loss of valuable information and substantial sums of money from banks and other organizations across the globe. From early research in this area, it has been discovered that the reason why security mechanisms fail is because it is often used incorrectly or not used at all.  Specifically, most users find the security mechanisms on their computers too complicated and they would rather not use it. Therefore, previous research have focused on making computer-systems security usable or simplifying security technology so that they are “less complicated” for all types users, instead of designing computers that are both usable and secure. The problem with this traditional approach is that security is treated as an “add-on” to a finished computer-system design. This study is an attempt to change the traditional approach by adjusting two phases of a computer-system design model to incorporate the collection of usability as well as security requirements. Guided by the exploratory case study research design, I gained new insights into a situation that has shocked security specialists and organizational actors alike. This study resulted in the creation of a methodology for designing usable and secure computer-systems. Although this method is in its rudimentary stage, it was tested using an online questionnaire. Data from the literature study was sorted using a synthesis matrix; and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Some prominent design and security models and methodologies discussed in this report include User-Centered System Design (UCSD), Appropriate and Effective Guidance for Information Security (AEGIS) and Octave Allegro. / Vårt samhälle är beroende av information och olika tekniker och artefakter som ger oss tillgång till den. Men tekniken vi förlitar oss på i olika aspekter av våra liv är ofullkomliga och under det senaste decenniet, har dessa brister varit föremål för identitetstjuvar, cyberbrottslingar och illvilliga personer inom och utanför organisationen. Dessa illvilliga personer riktar ofta sig till nätverk av organisationer såsom sjukhus, banker och andra finansiella organisationer. Tillgång till dessa nätverk uppnås genom att kringgå säkerhetsmekanismer av datorsystem anslutna till organisationens nätverk.   Målet med datorsystemsäkerhet är att förhindra eller upptäcka hot; eller återhämta sig från eventuella attacker. Trots stora investeringar i IT-säkerhet infrastruktur och informationssäkerhet, över 95 % av banker, sjukhus och myndigheter har minst 10 skadliga infektioner kringgå befintliga säkerhetsmekanismer och träda in i sitt nätverk utan att upptäckas. Detta har lett till förlust av värdefulla informationer och stora summor av pengar från banker och andra organisationer över hela världen. Från tidigare forskning inom detta område, har det visat sig att anledningen till att säkerhetsmekanismer misslyckas beror ofta på att den används på ett felaktigt sätt eller används inte alls. I synnerhet menar de flesta användare att säkerhetsmekanismer på sina datorer är alltför komplicerat. Därför har tidigare forskning fokuserat på att göra datorsystemsäkerhet användbar så att den är "mindre komplicerat" för alla typer av användare, i stället för att designa datorer som både är användbara och säkra. Problemet med detta traditionella synsätt är att säkerheten behandlas som ett "tillägg" till en färdig datorsystemdesign.   Denna studie är ett försök att ändra det traditionella synsättet genom att justera två faser av en datorsystemdesign modell för att integrera insamlingen av användbarhets- samt säkerhetskrav. Styrd av den explorativ fallstudie forskningsdesignen, fick jag nya insikter i en situation som har gäckat säkerhetsspecialister och organisatoriska aktörer. Denna studie resulterade i skapande av en designmetodik för användbara och säkra datorsystem. Även om denna metod är ännu i sin rudimentära fas, testades den med hjälp av en webbenkät. Data från litteraturstudien sorterades med hjälp av en syntesmatris; och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Några framstående design- och säkerhetsmodeller samt metoder som diskuterades i denna uppsats inkludera Användarcentrerad System Design (UCSD), Ändamålsenligt och Effektivt Vägledning för Informationssäkerhet (AEGIS) och Octave Allegro.

This study aimed to develop a help system for a communication app, identify usability issues regarding that help system and develop redesigns to improve it. The focus was to maximize perceived usefulness and minimize perceived annoyance of the help system. During the study two design proposals were developed and two user tests, which used low-fidelity prototypes. were performed to evaluate the design proposals. The first design proposal was evaluated in the first user test, thereafter an iteration of that design was developed based on the usability issues found in the user test. This iteration of the design was the second design proposal which were evaluated in the second user tests. Both design proposals and data from both user tests were analysed to- gether which resulted in seven recommendation that aimed to maximize perceived usefulness and minimize perceived annoyance when developing a help system for a communication app. Due to a lack of generalizability these recommendations should however be used with caution since they are mainly applicable to the system evaluated in this study. They can however be used as an inspi- ration and a starting point for someone designing a help system for an other communication app.

This thesis investigates the potential of User-Centered Design (UCD) and Agile to support Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) practice in product and product-service system (PSS) design. UCD tools and concepts are used to support stakeholder and needs research. Agile provides process support for collaboration and resilience. SSD tools and concepts are used to define and work within the system boundaries for sustainability. All three practices are combined in an innovation approach that supports collaborative and cross-functional design teams as they develop products and PSS. Design teams using this approach will work to satisfy the needs of customers while considering the needs of all non-customer stakeholders and the ecosphere. The full-systems context emphasized in the approach will support innovation and encourage design teams to consider services as complements to, or substitutes for, physical products.

L’évaluation des capacités motrices est une activité essentielle de l’analyse de mouvement. Cette activité permet de quantifier la performance d’un patient et ainsi d’être capable de suivre et de contrôler son évolution pour assurer un traitement adapté. Les kinésithérapeutes ont donc besoin d’outils précis leurs permettant de mesurer cette performance. Pour cela, ils ont développé leurs propres outils basés sur l’observation et des exercices normés. Pourtant, cette activité pourrait être supportée et augmentée par l’utilisation de technologies avancées. Il existe une catégorie d’outils technologiques permettant le suivi et la capture de ces mouvements. Leur utilisation dans des systèmes d’aide à l’évaluation pourrait affiner l’évaluation des thérapeutes et également augmenter sa reproductibilité. Pour assurer l’utilisation dans la durée de ce type d’outils, il est nécessaire de répondre à la question suivante : « quels sont les enjeux et les critères de développement spécifiques aux systèmes d’évaluation des capacités motrices ? ». Dans ce travail de thèse, cette question a été restructurée suivant 3 axes : « comment mesurer les capacités motrices ? », « comment analyser et communiquer le résultat ? » et enfin « comment intégrer ce système dans la pratique médicale ? ». Pour chacun de ces axes, les critères clés de développement ont été investigués et des contributions sont présentées. Afin d’illustrer ces critères, une étude de cas a été menée : l’instrumentation, à l’aide de nouvelles technologies de capture de mouvements, d’un protocole de mesure de capacités motrices (aussi appelé MFM ou Mesure de la Fonction Motrice). / The motor capacities (motor skills)’ evaluation is an essential activity for movement analysis. This activity aims is to quantify the human’s motor performance to be able to follow-up and control the evolution of the patient’s pathology thus allowing an adapted treatment. The physiotherapists need accurate tools able to measure this performance. They developed their own tools based on observations and normalized exercises. This activity can be supported and enhanced by the technological advances. A category of motion tracking tools exists to track and record those movements. Their use in motor evaluation system could refine the therapist’s evaluations and increase their reproducibility. To insure the correct development and use of such tools it is necessary to answer the following question: “what are the development stakes and criteria related to a system for measure and evaluation of motor capacities?” This thesis work refined this question into the 3 following research axis: “how to measure motor capacities?”, “how to analyze and communicate the result?”, “how to integrate this system in the medical practice?” For each of those axis the key criteria for development were investigated and contributions are presented. To illustrate those criteria a case study was conducted: the instrumentation, with new motion capture technologies, of an assessment protocol for motor capacities also called MFM (The Motor Function Measure).

Abstract This research provides a glimpse into the fast-evolving world of mobile technology and maybe even faster evolving world of communities. The communities of this research are about voluntary activities, centered around an interest or hobby, and are technologically mediated. Traditionally they have used computers for their communication and collaborative activities, but the advances of mobile technology as well as its availability are seen to offer novel opportunities for them. The premise of this research is seeing technology as basis for supporting new ways of interactions, through responding to user needs, hence leaning on the tradition of human-computer interaction and user-centered design. The research comprised of an extensive literature review geared toward understanding of these new forms of communities and their technology, as well as toward understanding how to design for them. Both supported case-study approach of this study, which addressed the designing for virtual stable community and birdwatcher community, and resulted in a concept of a dedicated mobile device (for the virtual stable community), and understanding of the importance of integrated technologies (for the bird watcher community). These results were further developed into new propositions for design criteria, overall providing a fresh perspective toward designing mobile technology. Within this research, design was seen as a social activity, where participants communicate and share their knowledge. Getting relevant, appropriate and useful knowledge from users was therefore imperative for this research. Towards this end, a new online method for user involvement called web based storytelling was developed. Furthermore, emphasis was placed on understanding the concept design process with concepts and theories from knowledge management. The nature of knowledge (tacit/explicit and context-specific) as well as knowledge processes of users and designers and their linkages were introduced and systematically used and interpreted toward improving the concept design process. / Tiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus tarjoaa katsauksen mobiiliteknologian nopeasti kehittyvään maailmaan ja ehkä vielä nopeammin kehittyvään yhteisöjen maailmaan. Tutkimuskohteena ovat vapaaehtoiset harrasteyhteisöt. Perinteisesti nämä yhteisöt ovat käyttäneet tietokoneita ja Internettiä toimintaansa, mutta uudet mobiilit laitteet ja niihin liittyvät teknologiat tarjoavat heille mielenkiintoisia mahdollisuuksia. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana ovatkin uuden teknologian tarjoamat mahdollisuudet yhteisöjen jäsenille ja näiden käyttäjälähtöinen suunnittelu. Tutkimuksessa esitetään laaja kirjallisuuskatsaus sekä uusien yhteisöjen ja niiden teknologioiden ymmärtämiseen, että konseptisuunnitteluprosessin käyttäjälähtöisyyteen. Niiden avulla suoritettiin case-tutkimus, jonka tuloksena syntyi mobiililaitteen konseptiversio virtuaalitalliyhteisölle ja kuvaus kommunikointiteknologioiden integroinnista lintubongariyhteisölle. Nämä jalostuivat mobiiliteknologian konseptisuunnittelua ohjaaviksi kriteereiksi, mitkä tuovat uutta, yhteisöllisyyttä korostavaa näkökulmaa suunnitteluprosessiin. Suunnitteluprosessi käsitettiin tässä tutkimuksessa sosiaalisena toimintona, missä osallistujat kommunikoivat ja jakavat sekä tietojaan että tietämystään. Tarvittavan, oikean ja hyödyllisen käyttäjätiedon merkityksellisyys tutkimuksessa tuotti yhtenä tutkimuksen tuloksena uuden käyttäjätutkimusmenetelmän (verkkopohjainen tarinankerronta). Kaikenkaikkiaan tutkimuksen kantavana voimana oli tietopohjainen lähestymistapa suunnitteluprosessiin, mikä tarkoitti suunnitteluprosessin ymmärtämistä tietojohtamisprosessina ja tulkitsemista tietojohtamisen käsitteiden kautta. Tiedon ominaisuuksien (hiljainen/eksplisiittinen ja kontekstisidonnaisuus) sekä käyttäjien ja suunnittelijoiden tietoprosessien yhteyksien systemaattisen käytön nähtiin parantavan konseptisuunnitteluprosessia.

In Sweden there are around 400 service dogs and dog handlers within the police (Polisen,2016). The service dogs are used in 25 000 to 30 000 interventions every year. According to the Swedish Police Service (2016), the most common breed within the police in Sweden is German shepherds and Malinois. The service dogs are used to track down people, substances and objects. They can also be used for surveillance and defense (Polisen, 2016). According to Eneström (2015-06-18), the transportation cages for service dogs used within the Swedish police today are designed with smaller measurements than the ones required by the Swedish Board of Agriculture (2015). The reason why the smaller cages are used is that with the measurements stated in the regulations from the Swedish Board of Agriculture, two cages cannot fit into the luggage compartment of the currently used police patrol vehicles (Eneström,2015-06-18). Fortunately, the vehicle Volvo XC70, which is the most commonly used police patrol vehicle, will not be manufactured anymore. This means that a new vehicle have to be chosen touse both for regular patrol vehicles and for dog transportation patrol vehicles. The need of a new solution for transporting service dogs initiated this master thesis, which was initiated by the design company Dacat AB. The aim was to develop a solution for the cages and storage of equipment integrated in a new vehicle of suggestion for the police. The objective was that this new solution should be developed with the user in center, meet the regulations and legislations from stakeholders, obtain high usability, enhance the user experience and provide a healthy, comfortable working environment for both police dogs and the police officers. The outcome of the thesis is visualizations and animations made from 3D models describing the conceptual solution. A user centered design approach was used in this thesis since the target group is narrow and itwas important to understand the context and the target group well. The user centered approach was adapted to fit the design challenge of this thesis, especially to make it work with the fact that the target group consists of both a human and a dog. This lead to an approach and a process, in this thesis called Design for multi-species partnerships. The result consists of a vehicle recommendation with a technical solution for the interior design. It is constructed to fit the recommended vehicle, but also to be adapted to other vehicles, depending on which vehicle the police decide to choose. The interior design is beneficial for both the dogs and the dog handlers as well as for the complete police operations, since it creates a more viable and versatile vehicle for the police. It was important to fulfill the needs and desires of both parts of the target group as well as creating a well functioning solution that works efficiently. The police patrol vehicle is in fact a working place for the target group, which means that aspects not that important to other vehicle users, was shown to be important in this thesis. This because the working place environment is directly connected to health and the ability to perform well. The profession of the target group is important for the society and is filled with a lot of expectations and demands, therefore it is important that the working place environment offer them the possibility to perform well without interference. The master thesis is carried out during the last semester of the Industrial Design Engineerprogram at Luleå University of Technology. The course D7014A is 30 university credits which equals 20 weeks of fulltime work. The thesis was conducted in Gothenburg in the spring of 2017.

Avec le vieillissement de la population, le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées est devenu un enjeu majeur pour les pays développés et émergents. Parmi les solutions clés à explorer, les gérontechnologies sont considérées comme des plus prometteuses sans toutefois avoir apporté la preuve de leur efficacité pour l’autonomie domiciliaire, voire même être utilisables et acceptables pour le public visé. Dans ce contexte, une méthodologie de conception centrée-utilisateur a été mise en place pour proposer une plateforme d’assistance domiciliaire multi-tâches et multi-domaines (soutenant à la fois les activités quotidiennes, la sécurité de la personne et de son domicile et le lien social) ciblant un public âgé fragile en perte d’autonomie. Cette plateforme est appelée DomAssist. Sur la base d’une analyse des capacités physiques, cognitives et fonctionnelles en présence (étude 1) et des besoins d’assistance (étude 2) de notre échantillon d’étude, DomAssist a été conçu avec pour originalité une offre de services multi-domaines. En effet, la plateforme s’appuie d’une part sur un système de surveillance d’activités pour délivrer des assistances dites « context-aware » (étude 3) et d’autre part sur un système d’interaction homme-machine unifié et simplifié (étude 4), et ceci tout en promouvant l’auto-détermination (étude 5). Les résultats ont étayé la fiabilité du système de surveillance d’activités, et renforcé le bien-fondé de nos principes de conception concernant le système unifié d’interaction; et le soutien de l’auto-détermination. Notamment un rendu positif concernant l’utilisabilité et l’acceptabilité du système, et un effet bénéfique sur le sentiment de l’autodétermination des utilisateurs âgés ont été obtenus. De là, une dernière étude (étude 6) a évalué les bénéfices apportés après 6 mois d’utilisation de la plateforme, en termes de capacités fonctionnelles des participants fragiles, et de réduction du fardeau de l’aidant. Un effet positif (effet « protecteur » observé par les aidants professionnels) de DomAssist sur le statut fonctionnel des participants équipés (comparé aux contrôles) a été observé ainsi qu’une réduction du fardeau objectif de leur aidant. Au total, les résultats de ce travail pilote sont encourageants et ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives de recherche à fort potentiel d’impact sociétal concernant la problématique du maintien à domicile des personnes âgées / With the increase of life expectancy, aging in place is today a major concern for developed and emerging countries. Among the key solutions to explore, gerontechnologies are seen as the most promising. However, their evidence-based efficacy remains to be demonstrated for independent living or even for their usability and acceptance by the targeted old users. In this context, a user-centered conception methodology has been implemented for designing a multi-task and multi-domain (supporting everyday activities, safety, and social participation) assisted living platform targeting frail older adults with functional decline. This platform is named HomeAssist. Based on an analysis of physical, cognitive and fonctional abilities (study 1) and assistive technology needs (study 2) of our sample, HomeAssist has been designed with the originality of providing multi-domain services. Indeed, HomeAssist proposes an activity monitoring system to provide context-aware assistance (study 3), and a unified human-computer interaction system (study 4); while promoting self-determination (study 5). Results underpined the reliability of our activity monitoring system, and reinforced the rationale of our design principles, concerning the unified interaction system and the self-determination support. Notably, positive outcomes in terms of usability and acceptance of the system, as well as benefits concerning users’ feeling of self-determination have been obtained. From this, a last study (study 6) evaluated the benefits from a six-month use of HomeAssist, on functional abilities of frail older adults and caregiver burden. A positive effect of HomeAssist on functional status was obtained (“protective” effect reported by the professional caregivers), as well as a reduction of objective dimension of caregiver burden. Taken together, the results from these pilot studies are encouraging and open numerous research perspectives with high societal impact concerning the promotion of aging in place.

Introduction: This research investigated the requirements of an HIT solution that is usable and useful to informal caregivers of cancer patients on home palliative care. Methodology: A needs assessment method was used with an exploratory and a confirmatory stage. Eight semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were used for data collection. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse caregiver experiences with both inductive and deductive coding. Results/Discussion: Expressed and unexpressed caregiver needs were extracted into four categories, Implementation, Presentation, Information, and Practical Caregiving, and used to create the application requirements. Five user personas were created based on caregiving intensity and the functional level of the patients, a method of tailoring the application content to the different personas was created, and a low-fidelity prototype of the application was designed. Conclusion: The findings of this research can improve the preparedness and coping of informal caregivers of cancer patients on home palliative care.

A popularização dos dispositivos computacionais portáteis ao longo dos últimos anos, principalmente os smartphones e tablets, tem motivado o desenvolvimento de aplicações, que possuem um grande potencial para facilitar o acesso a informação e auxiliar os usuários na realização de tarefas do cotidiano. Entretanto, notamos que essa tecnologia não é acolhida por todos os nichos de usuários de modo semelhante. Apesar do envelhecimento natural das populações possibilitar um crescimento considerável de pessoas idosas nos últimos anos, observa-se que a taxa de utilização dos dispositivos táteis pelos idosos, atualmente, pode ser considerada baixa em relação às demais faixas etárias. Esta menor participação dos usuários idosos do mercado de aplicação para dispositivos móveis ocorre devido ao desenvolvimento tecnológico não considerar as especificidades para permitir seu uso, limitando a satisfação dos usuários por meio da concepção de componentes de interface e funcionalidades que dificultam a utilização pelo público idoso, contribuindo até para uma rejeição a essa tecnologia. Assim, neste projeto busca-se propor recomendações de usabilidade específicas para o desenvolvimento de aplicações em dispositivos móveis voltadas para os usuários idosos, a partir do desenvolvimento centrado no usuário, de uma aplicação de interesse para esse público alvo, que foi denominada Eldernote. Em direção a esse objetivo realizamos estudos para identificarmos na literatura as principais recomendações e diretrizes de usabilidade para a implementação de aplicações móveis voltadas para os usuários idosos. A partir desses estudos, iniciamos um levantamento sobre esse perfil de usuários e dos requisitos da aplicação. Com base nas informações coletadas, foi desenvolvida a aplicação Eldernote. Todo o processo de desenvolvimento é descrito neste trabalho, desde a concepção das interfaces até a realização de testes preliminares com usuários reais, com o objetivo de investigar as principais características de projetar-se uma aplicação com usabilidade especialmente para usuários idosos. Finalmente, foram realizados os testes de usabilidade com os usuários em um ambiente real de utilização, que propiciou inferirmos as preferências dos usuários, componentes de interface prejudiciais a utilização e a análise da navegação dos usuários durante o uso da aplicação. Ao final, não só foi possível identificar recomendações de usabilidade mas também resultou na disponibilização da aplicação Eldernote à comunidade de usuários no intuito de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos usuários idosos. / The widespread use of portable devices in the last few years, particularly smartphones and tablets has encouraged the development of applications that have the potential to facilitate access to information and help users in day to day activities. However it is important to notice that this technology is not welcomed by all users. In spite of the fact that the natural process of overall aging of the population is increasing the number of elderly people, it is noticeable that the usage of such devices by this group is relatively low compared with other age groups. This apparent exclusion of the elderly from the market of mobile applications is due to its technological development not take this group particular necessities into consideration to allow its free use, this seriously limits the users satisfaction with the usage of interface elements and functionalities that hinder its utilization by the elderly public and contribute to this groups rejection of this technology. Therefore, this project seeks to propose specific recommendations for the development of applications in mobile devices for elderly users from the development of a user centered application named Eldernote. Seeking this purpose we have studied and identified the literatures main recommendations and guidelines used in the implementations of mobile applications directed to elderly users. Coming out of this research, we initiated the survey of the users profile and their guidelines for the application from interviews with a group of users. Based on this information the job of implementing the Eldernote application began, and in this work we illustrate all of its development process, from its interface conception to the realization of preliminary tests with real users. Finally, after the conclusion of its implementation, we tested the applications usability with users in a real usage environment. From the tests collected data it was possible to conclude the users preferences, prejudicial interface elements and to analyze the users navigation inside the application. With the conclusion of this work it was possible not only to determine usability recommendations but it also resulted in Eldernotes availability to the users community with the intention to contribute to the improvement of the users life quality.