La dialyse péritonéale (DP) est une thérapie d’épuration extra-rénale qui peut se réaliser à domicile par l’entremise d’une technologie. Elle exige, du patient certaines aptitudes, (motivation et compétence) et de l’équipe de soins, une organisation particulière pour arriver à une autonomie d’exécution de l’épuration. Dans un contexte de thérapie à domicile, comme celui de la dialyse péritonéale, le niveau d’autonomie des patients ainsi que les facteurs qui y sont associés n’ont pas été examinés auparavant. C’est l’objet de cette thèse. En se fondant sur la théorie de l’autodétermination et sur une revue de la littérature, un cadre conceptuel a été développé et fait l’hypothèse que trois types de facteurs essentiels pourraient influencer l’autonomie. Il s’agit de facteurs individuels, technologiques et organisationnels. Pour tester ces hypothèses, un devis mixte séquentiel, composé de deux volets, a été réalisé. Un premier volet qualitatif - opérationnalisé par des entrevues auprès de 12 patients et de 11 infirmières - a permis, d’une part, d’explorer et de mieux définir les dimensions de l’autonomie pertinente dans le cadre de la DP; d’autre part de bonifier le développement d’un questionnaire. Après validation, ce dernier a servi à la collecte de données lors du deuxième volet quantitatif et alors a permis d’obtenir des résultats auprès d’un échantillon probabiliste (n =98), tiré de la population des dialysés péritonéaux du Québec (N=700). L’objectif de ce deuxième volet était de mesurer le degré d’autonomie des patients, d’examiner les associations entre les facteurs technologiques, organisationnels ainsi qu’individuels et les différentes dimensions de l’autonomie. Des analyses univariées et multivariées ont été réalisées à cet effet. Les résultats obtenus montrent que quatre dimensions d’autonomie sont essentielles à atteindre en dialyse à domicile. Il s’agit de l’autonomie, sur le plan clinique, technique, fonctionnel (liberté journalière) et organisationnel (indépendance par rapport à l’institution de soins). Pour ces quatre types d’autonomie, les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes, un résultat qui se reflète dans les scores obtenus sur une échelle de 1 à 5 : l’autonomie clinique (4,1), l’autonomie technique (4,8), l’autonomie fonctionnelle (4,1) et l’autonomie organisationnelle (4,5). Chacun de ces types d’autonomie est associé à des degrés variables aux trois facteurs du modèle conceptuel : facteurs individuels (motivation et compétence), technologique (convivialité) et organisationnels (soutien clinique, technique et familial). Plus spécifiquement, la motivation serait associée à l’autonomie fonctionnelle. La convivialité serait associée à l’autonomie clinique, alors que la myopathie pourrait la compromettre. La convivialité de la technologie et la compétence du patient contribueraient à une meilleure autonomie organisationnelle. Quant à l’autonomie sur le plan technique, tous les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes en ce qui concerne la manipulation de la technologie. Ce résultat s’expliquerait par une formation adéquate mise à la disposition des patients en prédialyse, par le suivi continu et par la manipulation quotidienne pendant des années d’utilisation. Bien que dans cette thèse la technologie d’application soit la dialyse péritonéale, nous retenons que lorsqu’on transfère la maîtrise d’une technologie thérapeutique à domicile pour traiter une maladie chronique, il est primordial d’organiser ce transfert de telle façon que les trois facteurs techniques (convivialité), individuels (motivation, formation et compétence), et organisationnels (soutien de l’aidant) soient mis en place pour garantir une autonomie aux quatre niveaux, technique, clinique, fonctionnel et organisationnel. / Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based therapy that purifies blood via a peritoneal membrane to treat patients with end-stage renal disease. It requires from the patient some aptitudes (competence and motivation) and from the caregivers a particular organization to foster patient autonomy. However, in the context of a home-based therapy, such as in peritoneal dialysis, autonomy is a poorly conceptualized entity and has not been specifically measured. The objective of this thesis was to identify the dimensions and the levels of the patient’s autonomy and the factors associated in the context of using peritoneal dialysis. On the basis of the Self-determination theory and a literature review, a conceptual framework was developed which assumed that three main factors could influence the autonomy: individual (motivation, competence), technological (user-friendliness), and organizational factors (different types of support). To test the assumptions supported by our framework, a mixed method design composed of two sequential phases was developed. A first qualitative phase - conducted through open-ended interviews with 12 patients and 11 nurses - was performed to explore and better define the dimensions of autonomy of the patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. The data obtained was used to enhance the development of a questionnaire, which was mailed during the second quantitative phase to a random sample of patients. This questionnaire was completed and returned by 98 patients from the population of Québec peritoneal dialysis users (N=700). The objective of this second phase was to assess the patients’ autonomy levels and to examine the relationship between the three factors (individual, technological and organizational) and the four dimensions of autonomy. Data were analysed using univariate statistics and multiple linear regression model. Our results show that four dimensions of autonomy are essential to achieve peritoneal dialysis at home : clinical autonomy (performing basic clinical tasks), technical (technical tasks), functional (daily freedom) and organizational autonomy (independence from the care centre). The patients gave higher rating for organizational autonomy (4,5 mean score on five-point Likert scale); 4,1 for clinical autonomy; 4,1 score for functional autonomy and 4,8 for technical autonomy. Each of these dimensions of autonomy was associated with one or more of three factors from the conceptual model : individual, technology and organizational factors. In some cases, the type of the peritoneal dialysis technology (manual or automated) contributed to some dimension of autonomy. More specifically, the motivation could facilitate functional autonomy. The technology user-friendliness might allow greater clinical autonomy, but a muscular disease could compromise it. The patient competence and the user-friendliness might contribute to the organizational autonomy. Finally, all the patients reported being highly autonomous on manipulating the technology. This result could be explained by adequate training during the predialysis period, continuous support and daily manipulation of the technology. Even though our results were obtained for the peritoneal dialysis application, we retain that when transferring the handling of a home therapy technology to treat a chronic disease, it is essential to coordinate the transfer so that the three factors, the user-friendliness, individual factors such as motivation and competence, and organizational factors (different types of support) are in place to ensure autonomy at the four levels, technical, clinical, functional and organizational.

The education ministry has introduced a number of important curriculum forms, including Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in 1998, the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) in 2002, and most recently, the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) in 2012 in Grade 10. The latter was aimed at replacing the NCS in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The need for replacement was necessitated by problems that teachers experienced concerning understanding and implementing various previous curriculum policies. The literature study and theoretical framework explored scholarly contributions that are relevant to CAPS implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine teachers‟ perceptions, and identify and clarify possible barriers relating to the implementation of CAPS in Grade 10 in selected schools at Ndwedwe in Durban. For sampling purposes, rural disadvantaged schools were selected to explore the knowledge and experiences teachers hold with regard to curriculum implementation. Exploratory qualitative research design was executed with a sample of purposively selected participants which constitute one Head of Department and two teachers from each of the five different schools. Data collection was facilitated by means of interviews. The findings revealed that teachers were at first eager to welcome and accept CAPS. Furthermore, this study indicated that some challenges emerged and impeded teachers from effectively implementing CAPS. The challenges experienced relate to resource shortages, teacher training, resistance to change, class size, lack of time, professional development, workload, administrative support, monitoring and language as a barrier ( on the part of the learners). The study argues that without proper infrastructure, schools can neither hope nor manage to successfully implement CAPS. Based on the findings from literature and interviews, teachers still need immediate assistance with CAPS related matters. Recommendations are made to teachers, head of departments, principals, subject advisors, DBE and parents to aid effective implementation of CAPS. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Práce se zabývá popisem tvorby mobilního systému pro monitoring zákaznické spokojenosti a sběr zpětné vazby od návštěvníků v restauracích s názvem Huerate. Komplexně jsou popsané všechny fáze vývoje systému. První část práce se zabývá analýzou existujících řešení a stavem na trhu. Následně jsou na základně komunikace s majiteli restaurací sestaveny požadavky na systém. Nakonec se práce věnuje samotnému návrhu systému, jeho implementaci a nasazení v restauracích. Systém Huerate běží jako webová aplikace a je dostupný na adrese http://huerate.cz.

Samtliga nya detaljplaner behöver genomgå en undersökning tidigt i planprocessen för att bedöma om planen tros kunna orsaka en betydande miljöpåverkan och i så fall behöva genomgå en strategisk miljöbedömning. Structor Miljöteknik arbetar med miljöbedömningar av detaljplaner med målsättningen är att väva in miljöanpassningsåtgärder i ett så tidigt skede av planeringen som möjligt för att bidra till en hållbar stadsplanering. En strategi med tillhörande processverktyg togs fram i samband med ett tidigare examensarbete för att underlätta detta arbetssätt. Verktyget är anpassad för användare som redan är väl insatta i dem framtagna strategin, och kan därmed upplevas som tung att sätta sig in i. För att fler ska kunna tänka sig att använda det och för att den framtagna strategin ska få större genomslag hos Sveriges kommuner behöver därför verktyget vidareutvecklas och bli mer användarvänligt.  En utvärderande studie gjordes av den arbetsprocess som Structor Miljöteknik har för undersökningar i syfte att identifiera dess styrkor och svagheter. Utifrån denna studie, intervjuer med Naturvårdsverket, Boverket, Länsstyrelsen i Örebro län, Motala kommun och konsulter från Structor Miljöteknik samt en egen utvärdering av det befintliga verktyget togs flera kriterier fram för det nya verktyget. Kriterierna gavs olika prioriteringar som baserades på i vilken grad uppfyllandet av kriteriet ansågs bidra till ökad funktionalitet, automatisering och användarvänlighet. Microsoft Excel identifierades som en lämplig programvara för verktyget då majoriteten av kriterierna bedömdes kunna uppfyllas i det. En plan för vidareutvecklingen av verktyget togs fram som delades in i 4 etapper: framtagande av grund, uppfylla satta kriterier, författa en vägledning och tester och utvärdering. På grund av tidsbrist färdigställdes dock endast den första etappen fullt ut. Grundversionen av det nya verktyget gav goda förutsättningar att uppfylla kriterierna med hög prioritet samt merparten av de övriga.  Möjligheten att uppfylla de olika framtagna kriterierna och tillvägagångsättet för att i ett vidare arbete slutföra utvecklingsprocessen analyserades och presenterades. / When a new local plan is crafted an early screening during the planning process is required to examine if the plan has significant environmental impact. If the plan is believed to have significant environmental impact a strategic environmental assessment needs to be conducted. The company Structor Miljöteknik has a way of working with the environmental assessment of plans where the goal is to incorporate measures striving for greater environmental sustainability early in the process. Today the company does this using a strategy and a processing tool that was created by Sandström. The use of the processing tools is limited by the fact that it requires a user with deeper understanding of the tools construction to be able to use it. Therefore, there is a need for further development of the processing tool to achieve a more user-friendly interface, so that its use become more widespread and the environmental profits of it can be reaped. An evaluative study has been conducted to pinpoint the strength and weaknesses in the process used by Structor Miljöteknik currently. Within this study extensive interviews have been conducted with different government agencies, country administrative board, municipality and people working in the private company Structor Miljöteknik. Based on the interviews several criteria for a developed processing tool were identified. All the criteria were then rated based on three parameters: functionality, automation and user friendliness. Microsoft Excel was identified as suitable software product to use for the processing tool since it enabled most of the criteria to be fulfilled. The further development of the processing tool was divided into four steps: creating a foundation, fulfilling the set criteria, creating a manual and tests and evaluation. In this report the first step was completed, laying a foundation that has great potential for achieving the criteria with high priority as well as most of the other criteria when the further steps are developed.

This thesis focuses on the development of a lifting device for roof mounted tents at the requestof Thule with the focus on improving the ergonomics during installation and removal of roofmounted tents on vehicles, while also enabling the process for one to two users. The work isstructured according to the Double Diamond model and uses established product developmentmethods to ensure a systematic process.The preliminary study consists of an analysis of ergonomic risk factors during heavy liftingusing the Swedish Work Environment Agency's (Arbetsmiljöverket) assessment template andRapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). These tools were used to evaluate current users ownsolutions for lifting roof mounted tents.After screening and selecting developed concepts, an existing plasterboard lift was modified tocreate a prototype. Modeling work was carried out in SolidWorks, where various componentsand modifications were visualized and tested before being integrated into the plasterboard lift.The final prototype integrates functions that enable tilt and lifting of the roof tent, whichreduces the need for manual lifting and thus the risk of physical damage because of overloadsas well as minimizing needed storage space.The prototype was tested and evaluated where the results showed an improvement inergonomics and ease of use during lifting, facilitating movement of roof mounted tents betweenvehicles and storage while being able to be stored together with the tent with minimal impacton space requirements.Lastly, the work suggests further strength tests and investigation of better suited lift functionsfor future development to improve safety and lifting device efficiency. / Detta examensarbete fokuserar på utvecklingen av en lyftanordning för taktält på begäran avThule med huvudfokus att förbättra ergonomin vid på- och avmontering av taktält på fordonoch förenkla momentet för en till två personer. En framtagen lösning ska även bidra till minskadbränsle- och energiförbrukning för fordonet då det ska vara enklare och mer inspirerande attmontera av taktältet från fordonet när det inte är planerat att användas.Arbetet är strukturerat enligt Double Diamond-modellen och använder etableradeproduktutvecklingsmetoder för att säkerställa en systematisk process.Förstudien består av analys av ergonomiska riskmoment vid tunga lyft med hjälp avarbetsmiljöverkets bedömningsmall och Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Dessa verktyganvändes för att utvärdera nuvarande användares egna lösningar för lyft av taktält. Eftersållning och val av framtagna koncept modifierades en befintlig gipsskivlyft för att skapa enprototyp. Modelleringsarbete utfördes i SolidWorks, där olika komponenter och modifieringarvisualiserades och testades innan de integrerades i gipsskivlyften. Den slutliga prototypenintegrerar funktioner som möjliggör ”tilt” och lyft av taktält vilket minskar behov av manuellalyft och därmed risken för fysiska skador som konsekvens av överbelastningar.Prototypen testades och utvärderades där resultaten visade en förbättring av ergonomi ochanvändarvänlighet under lyft av taktält, underlättar förflyttning av taktält mellan fordon ochförvaring samtidigt som den kunde förvaras tillsammans med taktält med minimal påverkanpå krav av utrymme.Sammanfattningsvis föreslår arbetet ytterligare hållfasthetstester och undersökning av bättrelämpade hissfunktioner för framtida utveckling för att förbättra säkerheten ochlyftanordningens effektivitet.

Text in Afrikaans with Abstracts in Afrikaans, English and isiZulu / In hierdie proefskrif word ondersoek ingestel na die parateks as narratiewe strategie vir toeganklikheid in geselekteerde Afrikaanse kinder- en jeugliteratuur. Die kern van hierdie ondersoek is die toeganklikheid van die boodskap binne die paratekstuele en narratiewe kommunikasiesituasie. Vir hierdie ondersoek is die sentrale probleemstelling soos volg geformuleer: hoe word die parateks as narratiewe strategie gebruik om kinder- en jeugliteratuur meer toeganklik vir jong lesers te maak? Gérard Genette se werk oor die parateks (1997a) en die narratologie (1983, 1990) dien as teoretiese basis vir hierdie studie se konseptuele raamwerk, aangevul deur die werk van Mieke Bal (1991, 2009). Jauss (1982) se resepsie-estetika word ook betrek ten einde toeganklikheid ten opsigte van die primêre teikenmark te formuleer. Binne die konteks van hierdie konseptuele raamwerk, word daar afsonderlik ondersoek ingestel na die ontvangers, senders en boodskap van die paratekstuele en narratiewe kommunikasiesituasie. Die ontvangers is die lesers van die parateks as narratiewe strategie vir toeganklikheid en word bespreek as die primêre, dubbele en tweeledige teikenmarkte. Die senders is die verskillende skrywers betrokke by die skepping en implementering van die parateks as narratiewe strategie vir toeganklikheid. Onderskeid word getref tussen die primêre skrywer, die tweede skrywer en die sekondêre skrywer. Laastens word die boodskap ondersoek soos dit met die visuele parateks en die talige parateks verband hou. Aan die hand van die konseptuele raamwerk van hierdie studie, en die verskillende rolspelers en boodskappe binne die paratekstuele en narratiewe kommunikasiesituasie, dui die studie aan hoe die parateks as narratiewe strategie gebruik kan word om kinder- en jeugliteratuur vir veral die primêre teikenmark meer toeganklik te maak. / This thesis sets out to illustrate how the paratext can be used as narrative strategy for accessibility in selected Afrikaans children’s and youth fiction. Central to this study is the accessibility of the message in the paratextual and narrative communication situation. In this regard, the central research question is as follows: how can the paratext be used as a narrative strategy to make children’s and youth literature more accessible for young readers? Gérard Genette’s work on the paratext (1997a) and narratology (1983, 1990) serves as the theoretical basis for this study’s conceptual framework, along with the work of Mieke Bal (1991, 2009). In order to define accessibility in terms of the primary target audience, reference is also made to Jauss’s (1982) reception theory. Within the context of this conceptual framework, focus is placed on the receivers, senders and message of the paratextual and narrative communication situation. The receivers are the readers of the paratext as narrative strategy for accessibility and are discussed as the primary, twofold and dual target audiences. The senders are the different writers involved in the creation and implementation of the paratext as narrative strategy for accessibility. Here a distinction is made between the primary writer, the second writer and the secondary writer. Lastly, the message is discussed as it relates to the visual paratext and textual paratext. Through the conceptual framework of this study, along with the different role players and messages of the paratext as narrative strategy for accessibility, this study shows how the paratext as narrative strategy can be used to make children’s and youth literature more accessible for especially the primary target audience. / Le thisisi ihlose ukuveza ukuthi umbhalo ohunyushiwe ungasetshenziswa kanjani njengesu lokuxoxa emibhalweni ekhethiwe yesiBhunu yezingane kanye naleyo yabantu abasha .Okubalulekile kulesi sifundo socwaningo wukutholakala komlayezo wombhalo ohunyushiwe kanye nesimo sokuxhumana ngengxoxo. Ngalokho-ke, umbuzo oyinsika kulesi sifundo socwaningo ngolandelayo: Ngabe inkulumo ehunyushiwe ingasetshenziswa kanjani njengesu lokuxoxa, elingenza ukuthi imibhalo yobuciko yezingane kanye naleyo yabantu abasha ukuze itholakale kalula kubafundi abasebasha? Umsebenzi kaGérard Genette i-paratext (1997a) kanye ne-narratology (1983, 1990) usebenza njengesisekelo sesakhiwo sebizo salesi sifundo socwaningo, kanti lokhu kuhambisana nomsebenzi ka MiekeBal (1991,2009). Ukuze siphumelele ukuchaza mayelana nokutholakala kwabafundi bezincwadi abahlosiwe, uyanxuswa ukuthi ufunde ithiyori emayelana nokutholakala kwabafundi bomlayezo ka Jauss (1982). Ngaphansi kwesimo sesakhiwo segama, kugxilwe kakhulu kubamukeli, kubathumeli kanye nakumlayezo wombhalo ohunyushiwe kanye nesimo sokuxhumana ngengxoxo. Abamukeli bomlayezo kungabafundi bombhalo ohunyushiwe, okuyisu elisetshenziswa ukuthola umlayezo, kanti la masu axoxwa njengalawo aqonde abafundi bokuqala, abambaxambili futhi anezinhloso ezimbili.. Abathumeli bomlayezo kungabhali abadlala indima yokwakha kanye nokusebenzisa imibhalo ehunyushiwe njengesu lokuxoxa elisetshenziswa ukuthola umlayezo. Lapha, kuvezwa umehluko ophakathi kombhali wokuqala, umbhali wesibili kanye nombhali osezingeni lesibili. Okukugcina, umlayezo uxoxwa njengoba uhlobana nombhalo ohunyushiwe obukelwayo kanye nombhalo ohunyushiwe olotshiwe Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwesakhiwo segama salesi sifundo, esisebenzisana ndawonye nabadlali bendima abahlukahlukene kanye nemilayezo yombhalo ohunyushiwe njengesu lokuxoxa elisetshenziswa ukuthola umlayezo, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umbhalo ohunyushiwe oyisu lokuxoxa ungasetshenziswa kanjani ukwenza ukuthi imibhalo yobuciko yezingane kanye naleyo yabantu abasha ingatholakala kanjani, ikakhulukazi ngabafundi bokuqala abahlosiwe. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D. Litt et Phil. (Afrikaans)