Bakgrund Av maten vi äter importeras 45 % från andra länder. Matproduktionen står idag fören betydande andel av klimatpåverkan, och en stor del av de livsmedel som konsumeras iSverige har orsakat sin klimatpåverkan utanför landets gränser. För att nå de Förentanationernas (FN) klimatmål för en hållbar utveckling utan att kommande generationermissgynnas krävs förändringar vad gäller livsmedelssystemen. Svenska livsmedel har jämförtmed importerade en lägre miljöpåverkan. Att i högre grad välja svenska livsmedel bidrar tillatt den inhemska livsmedelsproduktionen stärks och kan utvecklas.Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka om matens ursprung är av betydelse vid yngrevuxnas val av livsmedel. Metod En webbaserad enkät om ursprungets betydelse vid valet av livsmedel publicerades påFacebook. Inklusionskriterierna var att deltagaren skulle vara mellan 18-30 år och bosatt iSverige. Insamlad data analyserades och statistiska jämförelser gjordes mellan val avlivsmedel, kön, utbildningsnivå och inkomstnivå. Skillnadstest för icke-parametrisk datagenomfördes. Data är även visad med deskriptiv statistik. Resultat I studien deltog 110 respondenter. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg att det varväldigt viktigt att animalier kommer från Sverige medan det var mindre viktigt vid köp avfrukt och grönsaker. Pris och ursprungsland (från Sverige) var de två främsta faktorerna sompåverkade deltagarnas livsmedelsval. Det fanns vissa signifikanta skillnader mellan val avlivsmedel och inkomstnivå. Slutsats Ursprungslandet är av betydelse vid livsmedelsval och intresset för svenskalivsmedel finns samtidigt som pris och socioekonomiska faktorer inverkar. Resultat frånstudien stödjer vikten av att öka kunskapen om fördelarna att välja lokala och svenskalivsmedel och är av betydelse för bland annat livsmedelsproducenter, kostvetare och politikersom behöver finna lösningar för att uppnå FN:s uppsatta klimatmål.

Veterinärer och annan djurhälsovårdspersonal omfattas av djurskyddslagen (2018:1192), och ska i enlighet med dess 8 kap. 18 § göra en anmälan till kontrollmyndigheten vid misstanke om att djur inte hålls eller sköts efter djurskyddslagen. Det saknas konkreta data på i vilken utsträckning detta görs av veterinärer, och om veterinärer väljer att inte anmäla bristande djurskydd.  En onlineenkät spreds till Sveriges veterinärer via sociala medier, Sveriges Veterinärförbund, Veterinärmagazinet samt landets stora djursjukhus, med 10 frågor om deras erfarenheter om anmälningar av djurskyddsfall. Det kom in 366 svar. Resultaten visar att nästan 76 % av de som svarade hade någon gång anmält en djurägare till Länsstyrelsen, och den vanligaste anledningen till anmälan var vanvård eller bristande veterinärvård (71 %). Det visade sig också att hela 70 % av respondenterna hade någon gång låtit bli att anmäla ett djurskyddsfall, men i efterhand känt att de borde ha gjort det.   De vanligaste anledningarna till att en veterinär inte har anmält djurhållaren är risken att de inte kommer att återvända till veterinär, avsaknaden av rutiner och stöd på arbetsplatsen, rädslan för personliga hot samt hot mot yrket och arbetsplatsen samt osäkerhet på vad som klassas som djurskyddsfall. Studien visade också att mer utbildning önskas av 60 % av respondenterna, samt att det finns brister i anmälningsprocessen och förtroendet för länsstyrelsen.  Studien visar att mer forskning i ämnet behövs, inklusive att undersöka närmare hur länsstyrelsen och veterinärer kan arbeta mer effektivt tillsammans för att uppnå ett bättre djurskydd i Sverige. / Veterinarians and other animal health personnel, such as veterinary nurses, are in accordance with 8 kap. 18 § Animal Welfare Act (2018:1192) obligated to report any animal cruelty to the County Administrative Board. There are gaps in knowledge and data concerning to what extent animal cruelty cases are reported among Swedish veterinarians, or when and why they would choose to not report. This study was performed with an online survey that was sent out to veterinarians in Sweden via social media platforms, the Swedish Veterinary Association, the Swedish veterinary journal Veterinärmagazinet and through emails to the country’s large animal hospitals The survey received 366 responses.  The results show that almost 76 % of the participants had reported animal cruelty or animal neglect cases at least one. The most common reason was neglect (71 %). It also revealed that 70 % of the respondents had opted to not report a case, even though they later considered they should have.  The most common reasons for not reporting animal cruelty cases were risk of the owner not returning to veterinary care, the lack of routines or support for reporting animal cruelty cases in the workplace, the fear of personal threat or threat to the profession as well as being unsure of what counted as an animal cruelty case. The study also showed that there is a need and wish for more education in the field as well as identified difficulties in the reporting process and the trust in  the County Administrative board. Further research is recommended including how veterinarians and the County Administrative Board can work better together to aim for better animal welfare.

Detta arbete utvärderar ett kamerasystem som kan ta bilder för analys av växters välmående. Kamerasystemet bygger på en Raspberry pi model 3 b+, en PInoIR kamera modul v2 och ett blått filter. Kameran kan övervaka växter genom att den inte har något infrarött filter. Då kan matematiska uträkningar utföras på allt kamerans sensorer kan ta in. Ett experiment har designats för att skapa mätvärden som används i utvärdering av kamerans funktionalitet. Kamerasystemet bedöms fungera enligt det förespråkade ramverket och den programstack det bygger på. Det analyserade resultatet visar att kamerasystemet kan se skillnad på hydroponiska odlingar med olika tillgång till näring. / This work evaluates a camera system that can take pictures for the analysis of plants' well-being. The camera system is based on a Raspberry pi model 3 b+, a PInoIR camera module v2 and a blue filter. The camera can monitor plants because it does not have an infrared filter. This enables mathematical calculations to be performed on light registered by the camera's sensors. An experiment has been designed to create metrics that are used in evaluating the camera's functionality. The camera system is preforming well by using the proposed framework and program stack. The analyzed results show that the camera system is able to spot the difference between hydroponic cultures with access to differents amounts of nutrition.

In this project a PCR primer library was created to facilitate the amplification of DNA of parasites that are morphologically indistinguishable. The aim of this paper is to present a PCR primer library which is applicable to many of the species of interest, as well as creating a protocol for handling samples that contain more than one unknown species. The results presented in this rapport were achieved by means of literature studies as well as in silico primer design and validation. The literature studies focused mainly on finding pre-existing primers, whilst the phylogenetic studies retrieved information necessary for primer design. Each primer, whether achieved through literature or in silico assembly, was validated according to certain predefined criterion. The finalized PCR primer library contains 96 primers covering a total of 789 parasites. Beyond this, multiple primers that did not meet our criterion are presented. This due to promising results from the studies in which these were used. An ethical analysis of treatment against parasites was conducted. Finally, how to use the library is discussed containing relevant methods that could be helpful to further develop a detailed protocol. Methods such as Sanger sequencing, Next-generation sequencing and gel electrophoresis are in focus.

The future is green. The future is growing. The future is uncertain. If the population keeps growing at the same rate as now, we will meet a food shortage in the future. There isn’t enough space to grow the food. To overcome this the growing is now moving indoor and up. Vertical farming, the growing of food upwards and by that be growing more on less space, have been gaining a lot of popularity the last years as a solution to this problem. But what is the problems within this fast-growing business. Is there a way to make this green future a more certain one.

The forests play a big role in the work for climate change mitigation. Carbon credits can be used as a tool to encourage forest projects to increase the uptake of CO₂ from the atmosphere. This study aimed to analyze and explain the conditions for the production of and trade with carbon credits from Latvian forests and abandoned or fallow agricultural land, and what consequences it could lead to. The results, which were compiled from interviews and a literature study, show that a national system for carbon credits most likely will be implemented in Latvia in a few years. There are a few ongoing carbon credit projects in Latvian forests, and there is a big interest in the area. Many consequences have to be considered when it comes to forestry and carbon credit systems, but the potential in Latvia is big.

Energi i form av olja möjliggjorde under 1950- talet en mekanisering av skogsbruket. Accelererande klimatförändringar ställer nu krav på att den fossila energin som skogsmaskinerna är beroende av måste ersättas. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån ett kulturperspektiv undersöka hur Sveriges skogsägarföreningar kommer att påverkas av den förändrade tillgången till energi. För att besvara syftet genomfördes fem djupintervjuer. Studien visar att skogsägarföreningarna har en kulturellt präglad bilda av miljön som formbar och att förändringen främst ses som en möjlighet att framställa bioenergi för att bryta den sjunkande produktiviteten. Kulturkrockar uppstår därför med miljörörelser som har en annan syn på hur skog ska användas. Skogsmaskinernas dieselberoende utgör samtidigt en stor svaghet som kan komma att hindra en fortsatt expansionen eftersom skogsägarföreningarna är termodynamiskt bundna. / Energy in the form of oil allowed a mechanization process to take place during the 1950:s. Accelerating climate changes is now demanding that the fossil fuels in the forestry machines must be replaced. The purpose of this paper is that from a cultural perspective; examine how the Swedish forest owners' associations will be affected by the change in access to energy. To answer the question five in depth interviews were conducted. The study shows that the forest owners' associations have a culturally imprinted picture of the environment as malleable and the change is mainly seen as an opportunity to produce bioenergy in order to reverse the declining productivity. Cultural clashes therefore occur with the environmental movements which have a different vision on how forests should be used. The diesel depending forestry machines also constitutes a major weakness that may impede the continued expansion as the forest owners' associations are thermodynamically bound.

This thesis explores ‘feminisation’ discourse(s) within the UK veterinary profession, including the ways in which gender stereotypes and biases also influence such discourses and experiences of working within the field. Drawing upon and combining a range of sociological, organisational and feminist theories such as Witz’s (1992) theory of gendered professional projects and Butler’s (1990) highly influential notion of performativity, I am able to contextualise and expand upon the ‘doing’ of the veterinary profession as well as being able to frame ‘feminisation’ discourses as paradoxes, potentially producing the effects they articulate. My analysis is divided into two parts; the first deals with results of a 463 participant survey of veterinary workers regarding definitions, perceptions and observations of ‘feminisation’ and gender difference, highlighting the significance of this subject matter within their professional lives. The second part incorporates a deeper thematic analysis of particular everyday realities, emerging from four semi-structured interviews which also aimed to explore in greater detail individual perceptions and observations regarding ‘feminisation’ and gender biases and stereotypes, encouraging participants themselves to reflect upon their experiences. A number of conclusions emerged during the analysis, including an intriguing insight that those who tended to draw most strongly on gender stereotypes and biases to outline their perceptions and observations were paradoxically those who most vehemently believed gender was irrelevant. Fundamentally however this study concludes that the concept of ‘feminisation’ is a fluid conceptualisation, a cultural process and not just empirical category of ‘empty rhetoric’ as commonly utilised and applied to the veterinary profession; as such it has the potential to be utilised extensively to progress the profession in terms of wider inclusiveness, equality, transformation, in offering reconceptualised ways of considering what it means to be part of a ‘profession’ not predicated on patriarchal structures, and to ultimately reperceive how gender can be (re/un)enacted in transformative ways alongside progressively rearticulated ‘feminisation’ discourses.

3 In the last couple of decades there has not happened much in the “farriery”- department. The work procedure, methods and farrier´s tools have stayed the same over time, which have led to a huge workload that is wearing the active participants out. So think if you were able to ease the working process of horseshoeing for a farrier. The farriery is still first and foremost a profession based on handicraft that has to relay on the farrier´s good memory, sight and sense. The workplaces for a farrier is most of the time at the hiring horse owner`s stables, which makes it harder for the farrier´s to have influence over their working situation. In Sweden shoes horses by both educated and uneducated people, but there is hopes to legalise the profession title by year 2030. One of the greatest advantages through this project, has been to observe and the participant in a farrier´s everyday work. Experimentally mockups and visually shown images have been used as the basis for the discussions with people within the horse industry. The farrier`s work a ethics and work environment are very unexplored subjects in modern time, which influenced the work material in the project´s needs and analysis. The inspiration for the project’s end-result is, among other things, based on horsey´s and the farrier´s ancient origin. As well as the requisites of technology in the work. The end-result is based to decrease the unnecessary repeating work that happens everytime a shoeing emerges. With the help of the Hoof scanner, can the farrier´s have a profile for every single horse i.e. visually images of the hoof, choice of shoes, need of elaboration work, necessary balance adjustments, history and clarified pictures. The functions are able to adjust to every farrier´s need of scene. Documented and visual information can be transcribed (pay it forward) between farrier, veterinary and horse owner.

Palmolja sägs vara världens mest resurseffektiva oljegröda och återfinns i bland annatlivsmedel, oleokemikalier och biobränsle. Mer än varannan produkt i dagligvaruhandlarinnehåller palmolja. Den höga efterfrågan har gjort palmoljeindustrin attraktiv att investera i och att många aktörer är involverade. En lång aktörskedja gör industrin svår att kontrollera, ansvarstagandet brister och en komplex hållbarhetsproblematik uppstår. För uppnå hållbarhet krävs samspel mellan ekologi, samhälle och ekonomi. Idag överutnyttjas naturens resurser vilket leder till att samspel mellan dimensionerna inte nås. För att få bättre förståelse och inblick i den komplexa hållbarhetsproblematiken tog vi del av experters och aktörers olika perspektiv. För studien valdes en kvalitativ intervjumetod som kartlägger miljökonsekvenser som ansågs störst. Sedan återges lösningsmöjligheter att skapa en mer hållbar palmoljeindustri. Resultatet visade att möjliga lösningstågärder bör baseras på ett tydligt definierat och ökat ansvarstagande för problem och konsekvenser som uppstår på grund av palmoljeindustrin. / Palm oil is known for being an efficient and productive crop and can be found in for example food, chemicals and biofuel. Up to every second product in grocery stores contains palm oil. Today's high demand of palm oil makes the industry attractive for investments while involvement from several actors makes the industry hard to control and lack of responsibility occurs. Those factors are of major menace for a sustainable palm oil industry. To achieve sustainability an interaction between ecology, society and economy needs to arise. Nature's resources are today over-exploited which leads to a non-interaction within the earlier mentioned dimensions. This study maps what we consider the greatest environmental issues and possible measures are to create a more sustainable industry. The result shows that increased and clearly defined responsibility for all actors involved in the industry needs to appear and improve to create sustainability.