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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Studium přírodního a vytvoření umělého nanostrukturovaného povrchu gekona / Study of gecko adhesion force and formation of a nanostructured gecko mimicking surface

Vyskočilová, Marta January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with the surface of a gecko in relation to its adhesion ability. Understanding the mechanism of movement and adhesion principle is important for the design and manufacture of nanostructured material. Likewise, knowledge of the origin of the self-cleaning ability allows the description of the influence of surface structure on movement and forces acting at the contact. The work describes the process of making nanostructured surface, which was modified in order to obtain maximum adhesion forces. The material properties were determined by the values of wettability and by force spectrum measurement. Their results were compared with the theoretical assumption of capillary forces and other possibilities to increase adhesion.
192

Oberflächenphysikalische Untersuchungen an ferekristallinen Dünnschichten und van-der-Waals Heterostrukturen

Göhler, Fabian 22 December 2022 (has links)
Als van-der-Waals Heterostrukturen werden vertikale Stapelfolgen quasi-zweidimensionaler Kristalle bezeichnet. Durch die Kombination von Schichten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften eröffnen sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten für die Grundlagenforschung und potentielle Anwendungen neuer Materialien. Für die Synthese solcher Schichtstrukturen haben sich in der Vergangenheit hauptsächlich zwei Methoden etabliert. Dies ist zum einen die manuelle Stapelung mechanisch exfolierter Lagen und zum anderen das sequentielle Schichtwachstum mittels chemischer oder physikalischer Gasphasenabscheidung. Ein entscheidender Nachteil bei der mechanischen Exfoliation ist dabei, dass die verwendeten zweidimensionalen Schichten unter Transportbedingungen stabil sein müssen. Die sequentielle Synthese wird dadurch limitiert, dass die idealen Wachstumsbedingungen für verschiedene Lagen nicht immer kompatibel sind. Einen alternativen Ansatz zur Herstellung von van-der-Waals Heterostrukturen verfolgt die MER-Synthese (engl. modulated elemental reactants). Dabei wird die gewünschte Schichtstruktur durch einen amorphen Precursor vorgegeben, welcher aus elementaren Schichten mit exakt kalibrierter Teilchenzahl aufgebaut wird. Aufgrund der Vorstrukturierung kann die Kristallisation beim anschließenden Tempern bei deutlich niedrigeren Wachstumstemperaturen erfolgen als bei klassischen Festkörpersynthesen. Auf diese Weise sind auch metastabile Verbindungen mit variablen Stapelfolgen zugänglich, jedoch Verbunden mit einem Verlust der langreichweitigen kristallinen Ordnung. Daher werden solche Heterostrukturen auch als Ferekristalle bezeichnet (nach dem lateinischen fere, zu Deutsch „fast“). Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung verschiedener Ferekristalle mittels Methoden der Oberflächenphysik. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der elektronischen Struktur und den Wechselwirkungen zwischen den einzelnen Schichten, welche über die Photoelektronenspektroskopie zugänglich sind. Insbesondere Ladungstransferphänomene lassen sich über die Analyse der atomaren Rumpfniveauspektren untersuchen. Dabei können zwei grundlegende Prozesse unterschieden werden: In Ferekristallen, die PbSe oder SnSe enthalten, zeigt sich eine Modulationsdotierung durch Elektronenübertrag in die benachbarten Übergangsmetalldichalkogenide. Verbindungen mit BiSe zeigen hingegen ein deutlich komplexeres Verhalten, da neben dem Ladungstransfer in benachbarte Schichten auch eine Lokalisation von Ladungsträgern an Antiphasendomänengrenzen erfolgen kann. In Kombination mit Molybdändiselenid treten bei entsprechend großem Elektronenübertrag aus BiSe gemischte Bereiche der halbleitenden 2H- und (metastabilen) metallischen 1T-Phase von MoSe2 auf. Durch eine Variation der Zusammensetzung und Stapelfolge der betrachteten Ferekristalle lassen sich diese Phänomene systematisch untersuchen. Zum Abschluss der Arbeit wird zudem die Anwendbarkeit der MER-Synthese für die Herstellung ultradünner Filme mit einer Dicke im Bereich von ein bis zwei Monolagen untersucht. Als Wachstumssubstrate kommen dabei Silizium und epitaktisches Graphen auf Siliziumcarbid zum Einsatz. Dabei konnte sowohl das Wachstum von Monolagen von MoSe2 als auch von Bilagen aus MoSe2 und Bi2Se3 erfolgreich demonstriert werden. / Vertical stacks of quasi-two-dimensional crystals are commonly referred to as van-der-Waals heterostructures. By combining layers with different physical properties, one opens up a variety of possibilities for fundamental research as well as the application of new materials. In the past, two prominent methods have been established for the synthesis of such layered structures: manual stacking of mechanically exfoliated layers and sequential layer-by-layer growth via chemical or physical vapor deposition. A decisive disadvantage of the mechanical exfoliation is that the two-dimensional layers that are to be stacked have to be stable under transport conditions. Sequential synthesis is limited by the fact that the ideal growth conditions for different layers are not always compatible. An alternative approach to the preparation of van-der-Waals heterostructures is the MER-synthesis. MER stands for modulated elemental reactants. Here, an amorphous precursor mimicking the desired structure is built up from elemental layers with a precisely calibrated number of atoms. Due to the prestructuring of the precursor, crystallization during subsequent annealing can take place at significantly lower growth temperatures compared to classical solid-state syntheses. With this approach, metastable compounds with variable stacking sequences become accessible, but at the expense of losing the long-range crystalline order. Therefore, such heterostructures are also referred to as ferecrystals (from the latin fere, meaning „almost“). The present work is devoted to the study of a variety of ferecrystals by means of surface science methods. The main focus is put on the electronic structure of and the interactions between the individual layers, which are accessible via photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, charge transfer phenomena can be studied by analyzing the atomic core level spectra. Here, two distinct fundamental processes can be distinguished: In ferecrystals that contain PbSe or SnSe, electrons are transferred into the neighboring transition metal dichalcogenide layers, which can be applied in the form of controlled modulation doping. On the other hand, compounds with BiSe show a much more complex behavior. In addition to charge transfer into neighboring layers, localization of charge carriers can occur at antiphase domain boundaries. When combined with molybdenum diselenide, electron donation from BiSe can lead to a mixture of the semiconducting 2H- and (metastable) metallic 1T-phase of MoSe2. By varying the composition and layering sequence of the heterostructures, these phenomena can be investigated systematically. To conclude the thesis, the applicability of the MER synthesis for the preparation of ultrathin films with thicknesses in the range of one to two monolayers is investigated. In this study, silicon and epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide are used as growth substrates. The growth of monolayers of MoSe2 as well as bilayers of MoSe2 and Bi2Se3 is demonstrated successfully.
193

CMOS Integrated Resonators and Emerging Materials for MEMS Applications

Jackson Anderson (16551828) 18 July 2023 (has links)
<p>With the advent of increasingly complex radio systems at higher frequencies and the slowing of traditional CMOS process scaling with power concerns, there has been an increased focus on integration, architectural, and material innovations as a continued path forward in MEMS and logic. This work presents the first comprehensive experimental study of resonant body transistors in a commercial 14nm FinFET process, demonstrating differential radio frequency transduction as a function of transistor biasing through electrostatic, piezoresistive, and threshold voltage modulation. The impact of device design changes on unreleased resonator performance are further explored, highlighting the importance of phononic confinement in achieving an f*Q product of 8.2*10<sup>11</sup> at 11.73 GHz. Also shown are initial efforts towards the understanding of coupled oscillator architectures and a perovskite nickelate material system. Finally, development of resonators based on two-dimensional materials, whose scale is particularly attractive for high-frequency nano-mechanical resonators and acoustic devices, is discussed. Experiments towards dry transfer of tellurene flakes using geometries printed via two photon polymerization are presented along with optimization of a fabrication process for gated RF devices, presenting new opportunities for high-frequency electro-mechanical interactions in this topological material. </p>
194

Electronic Structure, Optical Properties and Long-Range-Interaction Driven Mesoscale Assembly

Ma, Yingfang 07 September 2017 (has links)
No description available.
195

A Mathematical Model of Graphene Nanostructures

Rhoads, Daniel Joseph 15 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
196

Exploring the correlation between electron localization function and binding energy in bimolecular systems

Ylivainio, Kim-Jonas January 2024 (has links)
The Electron Localization Function (ELF) measures electron localization within matter and provides insights into the nature of bonds in materials and molecules. This thesis examines the relationship between ELF and binding energy in bimolecular systems, focusing on van der Waals interactions—specifically Keesom forces, Debye forces, and London dispersion forces—which play significant roles in molecular and crystalline materials. This research addresses the challenge of accurately calculating binding energies in crystalline materials by exploring their correlation with ELF. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with two exchange-correlation functionals, rev-vdW-DF2 and PBE-D3(BJ), this study proposes a method for calculating binding energies in crystalline materials with promising accuracy. By analysing the ELF and its correlation with binding energies in 75 bimolecular systems, the research demonstrates a strong linear correlation, with a coefficient of determination (R2) reaching up to 0.956. The findings suggest that ELF can effectively differentiate between weak and strong van der Waals interactions, providing a reliable metric for evaluating interaction strengths. The results indicate that ELF is a valuable tool for understanding the strength of molecular interactions, with potential applications in materials science and electronic structure theory. The study highlights the importance of refining the accuracy of the ELF-based method and expanding its scope to include other types of non-covalent interactions, such as halogen bonds. The main contribution of this thesis is the exploration of methodologies for analysing and predicting molecular interaction strengths within crystalline materials, which may improve computational approaches in the field. Deriving binding energies within the unit cell directly from the ELF has the potential to simplify practical calculations.
197

Dynamique et contrôle optique des molécules froides / Dynamic and optical control of cold molecules

Vexiau, Romain 10 December 2012 (has links)
Le travail théorique présenté dans cette thèse concerne la formation de molécules ultra-froides bialcalines et le contrôle de leurs degrés de liberté externes et internes. Cette étude est motivée par les nombreuses expériences en cours visant à l'obtention d'un gaz quantique dégénéré de molécules dans leur état fondamental absolu. Le schéma de formation étudié repose sur le processus de transfert adiabatique stimulé (STIRAP) réalisé en présence d'un potentiel optique de piégeage (réseau optique) des atomes et des molécules.Nous avons déterminé les paramètres du réseau optique (intensité et fréquence du champ laser) qui permettent de piéger efficacement des dimères d'alcalins en évaluant la polarisabilité dynamique acquise par les molécules soumises à un champ externe. Ces calculs reposent en particulier sur la connaissance détaillée de la structure électronique des molécules. Nous avons identifié des plages de longueur d'ondes dites « magiques » où la polarisabilité est la même pour chaque niveau peuplé au cours du transfert adiabatique, permettant ainsi un transfert optimal. Ce formalisme nous a également permis d'obtenir les coefficients Van der Waals de l'interaction à longue portée nécessaires pour étudier les taux de collisions entre molécules.Nous avons réalisé une étude plus détaillée de la molécule RbCs. En étudiant précisément la probabilité de transition de la molécule vers un niveau excité, nous avons proposé un schéma STIRAP pour transférer des molécules de RbCs, initialement dans un niveau vibrationnel excité, vers leur état rovibrationnel fondamental.Ces travaux ont montré l'importance de la connaissance précise de la structure hyperfine de l'état électronique moléculaire excité pour réaliser un gaz dégénéré de molécules dans un état quantique bien défini. Un modèle asymptotique nous a permis d'obtenir une première estimation de la structure hyperfine des courbes d'énergies potentielles des premiers états moléculaires excités des molécules Cs2 et RbCs. / The theoretical work presented in this thesis is focused on the formation of ultracold bialcaline molecules and on the control of their external and internal degrees of freedom. This study is motivated by the increasing number of experiments aiming at obtaining a quantum degenerate gas of molecules in their absolute ground state. The formation scheme we worked on is based on the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) technique operated while molecules are trapped inside an optical lattice.We have determined the parameters of the optical lattice (intensity and wavelength of the laser) that allow for an efficient trapping of the alkali dimers by evaluating the dynamic polarizability of molecules in the presence of an external field. Such calculations require the accurate knowledge of the electronic structure of the molecules. We have identified the so-called ``magic'' wavelength for which all levels populated during the STIRAP sequence have the same polarizability, thus ensuring an optimal transfer. The same approach has also been used to compute the strength of the long-range interaction between polar bialkali molecules needed to evaluate collision rates.The particular case of the RbCs molecule has been investigated. We have selected a radiative transition allowing for an efficient STIRAP scheme yielding molecules in their rovibrational ground state. These works have raised the need for the precise knowledge of the hyperfine structure of the excited electronic molecular state involved in the STIRAP scheme. We have developed an asymptotic model to obtain a first estimate of the hyperfine structure for the potential curves of the lowest excited states of Cs2 and RbCs.
198

Graphene engineering

Nemec, Lydia 17 July 2015 (has links)
Die besonderen Eigenschaften von Graphen ermöglichen das Design von elektronischen Bauteilen im Nanometerbereich. Graphen kann auf der Oberfläche von Siliziumkarbonat (SiC) durch das Ausdampfen von Si epitaktisch gewachsen werden. Ein detailliertes Verständnis der atomaren und elektronischen Struktur der Grenzschicht zwischen Graphen und SiC ist ein wichtiger Schritt um die Wachstumsqualität zu verbessern. Wir nutzen Dichtefunktionaltheorie um das Hybridsystem Graphen-SiC auf atomarer Ebene zu beschreiben. Experimentelle Arbeiten auf der Si Seite von SiC haben gezeigt, dass die Grenzschicht (ZLG) durch eine teilweise kovalent gebundene Kohlenstofflage wächst; darüber bildet sich die erste Graphenlage (MLG). Durch das Konstruieren eines ab initio Oberflächenphasendiagrams zeigen wir, dass sowohl ZLG als auch MLG Gleichgewichtsphasen sind. Unsere Ergebnisse implizieren, dass Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen für den selbstbegrenzenden Graphenwachstum existieren. Wir zeigen, dass sich das Doping und die Riffellung von epitaktischem Graphene durch H-Interkalation reduzieren. Im Experiment unterscheidet sich das Graphenwachstum auf der C Seite qualitativ von der Si Seite. Zu Beginn des Graphenwachstums wird eine Mischung verschiedener Oberflächenphasen beobachtet. Wir diskutieren die Stabilität dieser konkurierenden Phasen. Die atomaren Strukturen von einigen dieser Phasen, inklusive der Graphen-SiC Grenzschicht, sind nicht bekannt wodurch die theoretische Beschreibung erschwert wird. Wir präsentieren ein neues Model für die bisher unbekannte (3x3) Rekonstruktion, das Si Twist Model. Die Oberflächenenergie vom Si Twist Model und von der bekannten (2x2)c Phase schneiden sich direkt an der Grenze zur Graphitbildung. Dies erklärt die experimentell beobachtete Phasenkoexistenz zu Beginn des Graphenwachstums. Wir schlussfolgern, dass auf der C Seite der kontrollierte Graphenewachstum durch Si-reiche Oberflächenphasen blockiert wird. / Graphene with its unique properties spurred the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Graphene films grown by Si sublimation on SiC surfaces are promising material combinations for graphene applications. Understanding the atomic and electronic structure of the SiC-graphene interface, is an important step to refine the growth quality. In this work, density-functional theory is used to simulate the SiC-graphene interface on an atomistic level without empirical parameters. Experimental work has shown that on the Si face of SiC, a partially covalently bonded carbon layer, the zero-layer graphene (ZLG), grows. On top of the ZLG layer forms mono-layer graphene (MLG) as large ordered areas and then few-layer graphene. By constructing an ab initio surface phase diagram, we show that ZLG and MLG are at least near equilibrium phases. Our results imply the existence of temperature and pressure conditions for self-limiting growth of MLG key to the large-scale graphene production. H intercalation significantly reduces both the corrugation and the graphene doping. Our calculations demonstrate that unsaturated Si atoms in the ZLG influence the electronic structure of graphene. The situation on the C face of SiC is very different. The experimental growth of large areas of graphene with well defined layer thickness is difficult. At the onset of graphene formation a phase mixture of different surface phases is observed. We will address the stability of the different occuring surface phases. However, the atomic structure of some of the competing surface phases, as well as of the SiC-graphene interface, is unknown. We present a new model for the (3x3) reconstruction, the Si twist model. The surface energies of this Si twist model, the known (2x2)c adatom phase, and a graphene covered (2x2)c phase cross at the chemical potential limit of graphite, which explains the observed phase mixture. We argue that well-controlled graphene formation is hindered by Si-rich surface phases.
199

Développements et applications de méthodes pour la description de l’énergie de corrélation dans les molécules et les solides / Developments and applications of methods for the description of correlation energy in molecules and solids

Claudot, Julien 05 July 2018 (has links)
Les fonctionnelles de la densité couramment utilisées ont rencontrées un succès spectaculaire dans la modélisation des systèmes physiques, chimiques, et biologiques. Toutefois, elles se sont avérées inadaptées pour décrire certaines situations, comme par exemple les forces de dispersion de London ou les phénomènes de corrélation forte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à des développements récents de la formulation de l’énergie de corrélation exprimée à partir du théorème de fluctuation-dissipation et connexion adiabatique, visant à pallier ces problèmes. En particulier, différentes implémentations des méthodes au-delà de l’approximation de la phase aléatoire, qui permettent la prise en compte de la contribution d’échange dans le calcul de l’énergie de corrélation, ont été comparées. Ensuite, afin de réduire drastiquement la complexité numérique, une procédure d’orthogonalisation des vecteurs utilisées pour représenter la matrice diélectrique a été développée. Ces méthodes ont ensuite été appliquées au calcul de l’énergie de liaison de petits complexes moléculaires. La formulation de l’énergie de corrélation de la théorie de perturbation de Møller-Plesset dans le contexte matrice diélectrique est aussi présentée et testée. En parallèle, des calculs utilisant les méthodes semi-empiriques numériquement efficaces ont été conduits sur trois ensembles de molécules afin d’en tester les performances concernant les énergies de liaisons en les comparant aux valeurs de références disponibles dans la littérature / Commonly used density functionals have encountered a spectacular success in the modelling of physical, chemical or biological systems. However, they have proven to be unsuitable to describe some situations, such as London’s dispersion forces or strong correlation behaviour. In this thesis, we have been interested in recent developments in the formulation of the correlation energy from the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem, to overcome these problems. In particular, different implementations of methods beyond the random phase approximation, which allow to take into account the exchange contribution in the computation of the correlation energy, have been compared. Then, in order to drastically decrease the numerical complexity, an orthogonalization procedure of the vectors used to represent the dielectric matrix has been developed. Then these approaches were applied to the calculation of the binding energy of small molecular complexes. The formulation of the correlation energy of the Møller-Plesset perturbation theory within the dielectric matrix context is also presented and tested. In parallel, calculations using numerically efficient semi-empirical methods were conducted over three molecular sets in order to test their performances regarding the binding energies by comparing them to reference values available in the literature
200

Two dimensional materials, nanoparticles and their heterostructures for nanoelectronics and spintronics / Matériaux bidimensionnels, nanoparticules et leurs hétérostructures pour la nanoélectronique et l’électronique de spin

Mouafo Notemgnou, Louis Donald 04 March 2019 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l’étude du transport de charge et de spin dans les nanostructures 0D, 2D et les hétérostructures 2D-0D de Van der Waals (h-VdW). Les nanocristaux pérovskite de La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ont révélé des magnétorésistances (MR) exceptionnelles à basse température résultant de l’aimantation de leur coquille indépendamment du coeur ferromagnétique. Les transistors à effet de champ à base de MoSe2 ont permis d’élucider les mécanismes d’injection de charge à l’interface metal/semiconducteur 2D. Une méthode de fabrication des h-VdW adaptés à l’électronique à un électron est rapportée et basée sur la croissance d’amas d’Al auto-organisés à la surface du graphene et du MoS2. La transparence des matériaux 2D au champ électrique permet de moduler efficacement l’état électrique des amas par la tension de grille arrière donnant lieu aux fonctionnalités de logique à un électron. Les dispositifs à base de graphene présentent des MR attribuées aux effets magnéto-Coulomb anisotropiques. / This thesis investigates the charge and spin transport processes in 0D, 2D nanostructures and 2D-0D Van der Waals heterostructures (VdWh). The La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite nanocrystals reveal exceptional magnetoresistances (MR) at low temperature driven by their paramagnetic shell magnetization independently of their ferromagnetic core. A detailed study of MoSe2 field effect transistors enables to elucidate a complete map of the charge injection mechanisms at the metal/MoSe2 interface. An alternative approach is reported for fabricating 2D-0D VdWh suitable for single electron electronics involving the growth of self-assembled Al nanoclusters over the graphene and MoS2 surfaces. The transparency the 2D materials to the vertical electric field enables efficient modulation of the electric state of the supported Al clusters resulting to single electron logic functionalities. The devices consisting of graphene exhibit MR attributed to the magneto-Coulomb effect.

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