Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-18T13:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 josegeraldodecastrojunior.pdf: 7182456 bytes, checksum: 31d33bc1bedcad933b465924da4098e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-18T13:40:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 josegeraldodecastrojunior.pdf: 7182456 bytes, checksum: 31d33bc1bedcad933b465924da4098e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josegeraldodecastrojunior.pdf: 7182456 bytes, checksum: 31d33bc1bedcad933b465924da4098e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / No Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral (LV), também conhecida como calazar, é uma zoonose, de transmissão vetorial, causada pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi. Esta doença, anteriormente descrita como rural vem passando por um processo de urbanização. Em 2008, foram diagnosticados no município de Juiz de Fora, os primeiros casos considerados autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) e estudos sobre epidemias urbanas da LV têm indicado que a LVC vem precedendo a infecção humana, visto que os cães são os principais reservatórios domésticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a infecção de LVC no município de Juiz de Fora, bem como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à doença. O trabalho foi realizado com animais do canil municipal e ONGs e a partir do soro destes foram realizadas três técnicas sorológicas: o imunocromatográfico “TR DPP® e ELISA (“EIE-Leishmaniose visceral canina®), ambos fornecidos pela FIOCRUZ/Bio-Manguinhos e ELISA in house. A amostra totalizou 781 animais e a prevalência da LVC variou de acordo com a técnica empregada: o teste DPP apresentou soropositividade de 4,87% (IC 95% de 3,5-6,7%); o ELISA Bio-Manguinhos de 2,18% (IC 95% de 1,3-3,5%) e ELISA in house de 13,73% (IC 10,8-17,3%). Em relação à variabilidade observada entre as técnicas, vale a pena destacar que as mesmas apresentam antígenos diferentes e isto pode refletir nos resultados. A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria por fêmeas adultas, sem raça definida, porte médio e pelo curto. Na análise univariada, utilizando-se o ELISA Bio-Manguinhos como confirmatório para a LVC, foi observada associação estatística (p< 0,05; IC 95%) com sintomatologia clínica segundo Quinnell et al. 2003, origem dos animais (canil municipal) e grupo racial; além disto, houve sugestão de associação com sexo masculino e porte médio/grande dos animais. Na análise multivariada, o fato de ser procedente do canil e sintomatologia clínica mantiveram associadas ao desfecho, sendo também sugestiva o sexo masculino. Este foi o primeiro inquérito da LVC no município de Juiz de Fora e a presença da doença relatada neste trabalho, reforça a idéia de que a leishmaniose está em processo de expansão e urbanização no Brasil, apontando a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica ativa. / In Brazil, the visceral leishmaniasis (LV), also known as calazar, is a zoonotic disease, with vector transmission caused by the Leishmania chagasi protozoan. This disease, before described as rural is going through a process of urbanization. In 2008, were diagnosed in Juiz de Fora municipality, the first cases considered autochthones of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and research about urban epidemic of LV has showed that the CVL is preceding the human infection, since that the dogs are the main domestic reservoirs. Then, the present study aimed to investigate the CVL infection in Juiz de Fora, as well as to value the risk factors associated to the disease. This work was done with the animals of the public kennel and ONGs and with the serum were realized three serological techniques: the immunochomatographic “TR DPP® and ELISA (EIE-leishmaniose visceral canine®), both given by FIOCRUZ/BIO-MANGUINHOS and ELISA in house. The samples totalized 781 animals and the prevalence of CVL varied according with the technique used: the test DPP showed soropositivity of 4.87% (IC 95% of 3.5-6.7%); the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos of 2.18% (IC 95% of 1.3-3.5%) and ELISA in house of 13.73% (IC 10.8-17.3%). In relation to variability observed among the techniques, as worth pointing out that same showed different antigens and this can reflect in the results. The sampIes were compound in majority by adult females, without definite race, medium-sized and short hair. In the univarious analysis using the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos as confirmatory for the CVL, was observed statistic association (p<0.05; IC 95%) with clinic sintomatology according by Quinnell et al. (2003), origin of animals (public kennel) and racial group; and also, there was suggestion of the association with masculine sex and medium/big port animals. In the multivarious analysis, the fact of being precedent from the kennell and clinic sintomatology kept associated to the result, being suggestive the masculine sex. This was the first enquiry of CVL in Juiz de Fora municipality and presence of the disease showed in this research, reinforce the idea that the leishmaniasis is in the process of expansion and urbanization in Brazil, pointing out necessity of an active epidemiologic vigilance.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T18:08:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaribeirogomesmaia.pdf: 687971 bytes, checksum: 19edf64a9349768df07f14662c3d6df6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-05T11:27:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaribeirogomesmaia.pdf: 687971 bytes, checksum: 19edf64a9349768df07f14662c3d6df6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T11:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaribeirogomesmaia.pdf: 687971 bytes, checksum: 19edf64a9349768df07f14662c3d6df6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-04 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / A NTPDase 1 (50 kDa) de promastigotas de Leishmania infantum foi purificada por eletroforese em gel não-desnaturante. A identidade desta proteína ou de seu domínio B conservado (r83-122) foi confirmada por “Western blots” utilizando soros imunes produzidos contra a apirase de batata (SA), r-potDomínioB (SB), um polipeptídeo recombinante derivado do domínio B desta proteína vegetal, e LbB1LJ (SC; r82-103) e LbB2LJ (SD; r102-121), peptídeos sintéticos derivados do domínio B da NTPDase 1 de L. braziliensis. Sua antigenicidade foi evidenciada em “Western blots” pela reatividade com soros de cães com leishmaniose visceral. Os soros imunes SC ou SD inibiram sua atividade (87-99%) em preparação de promastigotas, sugerindo um efeito direto sobre o domínio B. Por ELISA, 45-50% de 38 cães infectados foram soropositivos para LbB1LJ e LbB2LJ confirmando a antigenicidade deste domínio. / The NTPDase 1 (50 kDa) of Leishmania infantum promastigotes was purified by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. The identity of this protein or of its conserved domain B (r83-122) was confirmed by Western blots using immune sera raised against potato apyrase (SA); r-potDomainB (SB), a recombinant polypeptide derived from the B domain of this vegetable protein, and LbB1LJ (SC; r82-103) and LbB2LJ (SD; r102-121), synthetic peptides derived from the B domain of the L. braziliensis NTPDase 1. Its antigenicity was evidenced in Western blots by the reactivity with serum samples from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. The immune sera SC and SD inhibited its activity (87- 99%) in promastigotes preparation, suggesting a direct effect on the B domain. By ELISA, 45-50% of 38 infected dogs were seropositive for LbB1LJ and LbB2LJ confirming the antigenicity of this domain.

La leishmaniose viscérale (LV) est la forme la plus sévère de la leishmaniose humaine. Elle est transmise par la piqûre d'un phlébme. La leishmaniose viscérale est mortelle en l'absence de traitement. Les options thérapeutiques courantes contre la leishmaniose viscérale sont limitées. En région méditerranéenne, la LV est due à Leishmania infantum, zoonose dont le chien est le principal réservoir. A côté de quelques cas d'infection systémique, un nombre important d'humains porteurs asymptomatiques a été mis en evidence. En première partie, nous avons étudié l'intérêt du MultiLocus Microsatellite Genotyping (MLMT) pour l'identification des souches de Leishmania du sud de la France. Par MLMT nous avons étudié la variabilité génétique de différentes souches et recherché une association avec les différentes formes cliniques, la résistance aux médicaments et les phénomènes de rechutes. Nous avons observé une hétérogénéité génétique entre les différentes souches de L. infantum MON-1. Si l'association de certains génotypes avec les différentes expressions cliniques de la leishmaniose n'a pu être démontrée, nous avons par contre observé une répartition préférentielle géographique de certains génotypes. En deuxième partie, nous avons mis au point un protocole expérimental destiné au criblage de nouveaux agents anti-Leishmania infantum ayant pour cible la machinerie cellulaire mise en route par la cellule hôte pour l'élimination du parasite intracellulaire. Nos résultats ont montré que les altérations du système de trafic intracellulaire de la cellule-hôte induites par certains composés étaient corrélées à la mort du parasite et à son élimination. / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of Human Leishmaniases, which occurs when protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani or L. infantum, given by phlebotomine sandfly bites. The disease is fatal when untreated. Current treatment options against VL are very limited with few drug molecules, often expensive, not always safe and able to induce resistance phenomenon.In this report, we have characterized on one hand, different genetic variants of Leishmania infantum strains isolated in different geographical areas from southern France and on the other hand have identified new potential anti-Leishmania infantum compounds and characterized their molecular mechanism of action.In the first part, we studied the interest of Multilocus Microsatellite Genotyping (MLMT) for the identification of Leishmania strains from southern France. By genotyping technique MLMT, we studied the genetic variability of different strains and sought an association with different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, resistance to drugs and relapse. We observed genetic heterogeneity among different strains of L. infantum-MON-1. we observed a preferential geographic distribution of certain genotypes.In the second part, we have developed an experimental protocol for the screening of new anti-Leishmania infantum compounds that target the host cell machinery responsible for the intracellular parasite killing, we studied the different steps of endocytic pathways potentially targeted by these compounds. Our results showed that with some compounds, modifications of the intracellular trafficking of the host cell were correlated with parasite death and its elimination.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Márcia Aparecida Sperança / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018. / A leishmaniose compreende um grupo de doenças zoonóticas causadas por protozoários da família Trypanosoma e do gênero Leishmania, sendo transmitida por vetores flebotomíneos. O género Leishmania compreende 30 espécies, incluindo 20 espécies capazes de causar doença em humanos, com diferentes manifestações clínicas, que vão desde lesões assintomáticas, cutânea e mucocutânea, até a forma visceral grave, que é letal se não tratada. No continente americano, a leishmaniose visceral (LV) é causada por Leishmania infantum chagasi e o Brasil concentra 90% dos casos registrados na América Latina. O diagnóstico da LV na América apresenta dificuldades devido a reações cruzadas com outras tripanossomíases endêmicas. Além disso, os sinais clínicos e as alterações hematológias da LV são encontrados em outras doenças infecciosas e em alterações malignas hematológicas. Com o intuito de buscar ferramentas e estratégias para o diagnóstico diferencial da LV, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos de isolamento e detecção molecular de L. infantum chagasi, além da busca por características demográficas específicas e avaliação do diagnóstico diferencial da LV em aspirados de medula óssea de pacientes com sintomas de doença hematológica da região de Marília-SP, no período de 2010 a 2017. O método de isolamento de L. infantum chagasi foi realizado a partir de amostras de medula óssea e sangue periférico de indivíduos sintomáticos. O diagnóstico molecular por reação em cadeia da polimerase, convencional, foi desenvolvido utilizando como alvo o gene de cópia única que codifica a enzima quitinase de L. infantum, o qual permite o diagnóstico específico e direto a partir de diferentes amostras clínicas. Os testes apresentaram elevada especificidade e mostraram sensibilidade aumentada quando comparados com métodos utilizados rotineiramente nos serviços de saúde. Os resultados da análise demográfica e do diagnóstico diferencial a partir de aspirados de medula óssea de pacientes com suspeita de doenças hematológicas indicaram que 19,4% apresentaram LV, e que a população com maior risco possui menos de 20 anos. O estudo realizado demonstra que a investigação de LV em pacientes com alterações hematológicas é fundamental não só para identificar casos de LV, mas também para tratar corretamente os casos de doenças infecciosas e hematológicas associadas. / Leishmaniasis covers a group of zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa parasites of the Trypanosoma Family and the genus Leishmania, being transmitted by phlebotomine insect vectors. The genus Leishmania comprises 30 species, including 20 species capable of causing disease in humans, with different clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic, cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions, to severe visceral form, which is lethal if untreated. In the American continent, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi and Brazil accounts for 90% of the Latin America registered cases. The diagnosis of VL in America presents difficulties due to cross-reactions with other endemic trypanosomiasis. In addition, clinical signs and VL hematological alterations are found in other infectious diseases and hematological malignancies. In order to search for tools and strategies for the differential VL diagnosis, in this work we have developed methods of isolation and molecular detection of L. infantum chagasi, as well as the search for specific demographic characteristics and evaluation of the differential diagnosis of VL in bone marrow biopsies of patients with symptoms of haematological diseases in the region of Marília-SP, from 2010 to 2017. The method of L. infantum chagasi isolation was performed from samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood of symptomatic individuals. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed using the single copy gene encoding the chitinase enzyme of L. infantum, which allows specific and direct diagnosis from different clinical samples. Both diagnostic tests showed high specificity and increased sensitivity when compared with routinely used methods in health services. The results of the demographic analysis and the differential diagnosis from bone marrow biopsy of patients with supposed hematological diseases indicated that 19.4% had VL, and that the population with the highest risk is less than 20 years old. The present study demonstrates that the investigation of VL in patients with hematological alterations is fundamental not only to identify cases of VL but also to correctly treat cases of VL associated infectious and hematological diseases.

A Leishmaniose visceral é um problema que cresce no Estado de São Paulo afetando o homem e o cão. Os exoantígenos da membrana das leishmanias são liberados no meio de cultura. Os exoantígenos são importantes na indução da imunidade mediada pelas células T e B estimulando a produção elevada de anticorpos. Realizamos uma avaliação comparativa por ELISA e Immunoblotting de exoantígenos e antígenos totais de L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis e L. (L.) chagasi, no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral humana e canina. Obteve-se por ELISA sensibilidade de 100% para ambos os preparados antigênicos independente da espécie de Leishmania. A melhor especificidade em humanos e cães foi com os exoantígenos. O exoantígeno da L. (L.) chagasi teve a melhor especificidade e média de absorbâncias comparadas aos das outras espécies (p<0.005). Para o hospedeiro humano o ELISA com exoantígenos, não discriminou pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea e ou mucocutânea. O Immublotting dos exoantígenos de L. (L.) chagasi (IBleish) apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade para os cães. Os dados do IBleish-L. (L.) chagasi demonstraram a possibilidade de sua utilização como método confiável para a confirmação do diagnóstico da leishmaniose canina. / The visceral leishmaniasis is a new problem that grows in the State of São Paulo, affecting men and dogs. The exoantigens from the membrane of the Leishmania, are released out of culture medium. The exoantigens are important in the induction of immunity mediated by T and B cells, stimulating the production of antibodies. This work was carried out an evaluation of ELISA and Immunoblotting using comparatively exoantigens and total antigens of L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) chagasi for the diagnosis of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis. ELISA sensitivity was 100% for all different antigens, independent of the species of Leishmania employed. The best specificity for both human and dogs were obtained with exoantigens. Exoantigen from L. (L.) chagasi was what showed the best specificity and mean absorbance compared to those of other species (p<0.05). The ELISA with exoantigens for the human host not discriminate individuals with leishmaniasis cutaneous or mucocutaneous. The Immunoblotting that used the exoantigens of L. (L.) chagasi (IBleish) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the dogs. The IBleish-L. (L.) chagasi showed the possibility of its use as a reliable method to confirm the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_COMPLETA_21_07.pdf: 687153 bytes, checksum: b7082f2641dd20fb43158fc2d7bd619e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-04 / The American Visceral Leishmaniasis (LVA) has been spreading in a short period of time with deep concern for all West of São Paulo State, instead of the measures that have been taken to control it. This search was made in order to study the variability involved in the disease cycle, as well as the efficacy of the measures to control it. The study involved the microregion of Dracena, composed by twelve municipal districts, that belong to Alta Paulista region, extreme West of São Paulo State. The data analyzed were given by the Superintendency of Endemies Control and Adolfo Lutz Institute, Regional Laboratory of Presidente Prudente. From August 2005 to January 2008, were analyzed: the date of phlebotomines detection at the municipal district and the period of the dog and human diagnostic; the death rate of human; the prevalence of suspected dogs tested by serology; the percentage of euthanasia in suspected dogs; correlation between positive dogs and human cases of the disease; comparation of the prevalences among the twelve municipal districts of the studied region. It was constated that, despite the strategies for controlling the LVA in the Alta Paulista region, SP, the disease carries on expansion with deep concern. Some procedures of the Vigilancy Program and LVA Control should be reviewed as for it efficacy and others, fiscalized, in order to increase the credibility and efficacy of the program. / A Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA) vem se alastrando em curto período de tempo, e de forma preocupante por todo Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, apesar das medidas adotadas para seu controle. Essa pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se estudar as variáveis que envolvem o ciclo da enfermidade, assim como a efetividade das medidas de controle. O estudo compreendeu a micro-região de Dracena, composta por doze municípios, pertencentes à Alta Paulista, Extremo - Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados analisados foram fornecidos pela Superintendência de Controle de Endemias e Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratório Regional de Presidente Prudente. Foram analisadas, no período compreendido entre agosto de 2005 a janeiro de 2008: as datas de detecção do flebotomíneo nos municípios e o período em que houve o diagnóstico em cães e humanos; o número de casos de óbitos humanos; prevalência de cães suspeitos testados por sorologia; porcentagem de eutanásia em cães suspeitos; se houve correlação entre cães positivos e casos da doença em humanos; comparação das prevalências entre os doze municípios da região estudada. Constatou-se que, apesar das estratégias de controle da LVA adotadas na micro-região de Dracena/SP, a doença continua se expandindo de forma preocupante. Alguns procedimentos do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da LVA devem ser revistos quanto a sua efetividade e outros fiscalizados, para que haja maior credibilidade e eficácia do programa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_COMPLETA_21_07.pdf: 687153 bytes, checksum: b7082f2641dd20fb43158fc2d7bd619e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-04 / The American Visceral Leishmaniasis (LVA) has been spreading in a short period of time with deep concern for all West of São Paulo State, instead of the measures that have been taken to control it. This search was made in order to study the variability involved in the disease cycle, as well as the efficacy of the measures to control it. The study involved the microregion of Dracena, composed by twelve municipal districts, that belong to Alta Paulista region, extreme West of São Paulo State. The data analyzed were given by the Superintendency of Endemies Control and Adolfo Lutz Institute, Regional Laboratory of Presidente Prudente. From August 2005 to January 2008, were analyzed: the date of phlebotomines detection at the municipal district and the period of the dog and human diagnostic; the death rate of human; the prevalence of suspected dogs tested by serology; the percentage of euthanasia in suspected dogs; correlation between positive dogs and human cases of the disease; comparation of the prevalences among the twelve municipal districts of the studied region. It was constated that, despite the strategies for controlling the LVA in the Alta Paulista region, SP, the disease carries on expansion with deep concern. Some procedures of the Vigilancy Program and LVA Control should be reviewed as for it efficacy and others, fiscalized, in order to increase the credibility and efficacy of the program. / A Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA) vem se alastrando em curto período de tempo, e de forma preocupante por todo Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, apesar das medidas adotadas para seu controle. Essa pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se estudar as variáveis que envolvem o ciclo da enfermidade, assim como a efetividade das medidas de controle. O estudo compreendeu a micro-região de Dracena, composta por doze municípios, pertencentes à Alta Paulista, Extremo - Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados analisados foram fornecidos pela Superintendência de Controle de Endemias e Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratório Regional de Presidente Prudente. Foram analisadas, no período compreendido entre agosto de 2005 a janeiro de 2008: as datas de detecção do flebotomíneo nos municípios e o período em que houve o diagnóstico em cães e humanos; o número de casos de óbitos humanos; prevalência de cães suspeitos testados por sorologia; porcentagem de eutanásia em cães suspeitos; se houve correlação entre cães positivos e casos da doença em humanos; comparação das prevalências entre os doze municípios da região estudada. Constatou-se que, apesar das estratégias de controle da LVA adotadas na micro-região de Dracena/SP, a doença continua se expandindo de forma preocupante. Alguns procedimentos do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da LVA devem ser revistos quanto a sua efetividade e outros fiscalizados, para que haja maior credibilidade e eficácia do programa.

No description available.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe systemic illness and early case management is important for the avoidance complications and control of the disease. Improving health workers’ knowledge on leishmaniasis is essential in improving the control programme. A quantitative, retrospective study of patient records and descriptive, explorative study of health care professionals’ knowledge on leishmaniasis were conducted. Data was collected from patient records (n=299) using a structured audit tool and from health care professionals (n=55) by means of a structured questionnaire. The study findings highlight that the commonest clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are fever and splenomegaly. Severe malnutrition and HIV co-infection contribute to mortality. The findings indicate the need for training to improve health care professionals’ awareness of visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis disease surveillance and support by the regional and district heath offices should be improved / Health Studies / M.A. Public Health (MPH)

Image-based quantifications of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes from segmented VAT areas are increasingly considered for risk assessment in obese patients. The goal of this study was to determine the power of partial VAT areas to predict total VAT volume in morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2) as a function of gender, age and anatomical landmarks. 130 morbidly obese patients (mean BMI 46.5 kg/m2; 94 females) underwent IRB-approved MRI. Total VAT volumes were predicted from segmented VAT areas (of single or five adjacent slices) at common axial landmark levels and compared with the measured ones (VVAT-T, about 40 slices between diaphragm and pelvic floor). Standard deviations σ1 and σ5 of the respective VAT volume differences served as measures of agreement. Mean VVAT-T was 4.9 L for females and 8.1 L for males. Best predictions were found at intervertebral spaces L3-L4 for females (σ5 = 688 ml, σ1 = 832 ml) and L1-L2 for males (σ5 = 846 ml, σ1 = 992 ml), irrespective of age. In conclusion, VAT volumes in morbidly obese patients can be reliably predicted by multiplying the segmented VAT area at a gender-specific lumbar reference level with a fixed scaling factor and effective slice thickness.