Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação associada às atividades de preparação vocal realizadas com o Coral Escola e o Coral Oficina do Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral do Departamento de Música da ECA-USP. Os objetivos dividiram-se em duas perspectivas: a formação do estagiário em preparação vocal e o desenvolvimento da técnica vocal nos coros Escola e Oficina. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da participação nos ensaios destes dois grupos no ano de 2010 e da análise do protocolo de documentação do Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral. O capítulo 1 inicia-se com uma explanação sobre o funcionamento do Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral e sobre o conceito de Coral Escola, no qual todas as atividades estão fundamentadas; segue com uma discussão a respeito dos desafios da educação coral no século XXI e encerra-se expondo saberes e habilidades que fazem parte da formação dos estagiários em preparação vocal, como a classificação vocal, a percepção vocal e a pedagogia. No capítulo 2, são descritas as principais características vocais dos coralistas iniciantes dos coros Escola e Oficina em relação a postura, respiração, apoio, ressonância, articulação, assim como as dificuldades mais frequentes com afinação. No capítulo 3, por meio de uma confrontação entre as práticas do Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral e a literatura sobre regência coral e pedagogia vocal, são apresentados e discutidos os exercícios mais usados na preparação vocal destes grupos, visando trabalhar aspectos como postura, respiração e apoio, ressonância, diferenciação de vogais, agilidade, staccato, sustentação, homogeneidade de registros vocais, extensão e escuta harmônica. Nas considerações finais, discute-se a perspectiva da preparação vocal como uma atividade complexa, na qual diversos saberes, habilidades e ferramentas são empregados conjunta e interativamente como parte de estratégias que visam à consecução de objetivos artísticos e educativos. / This work is the result of an action research associated to voice building activities performed at the Coral Escola and the Coral Oficina of Comunicantus: Choral Laboratory of the Music Department at ECA-USP. The goals were divided into two perspectives: the training of the trainee in voice building and the development of vocal technique in the choirs Escola and Oficina. Data collection was done through participation in the rehearsals of these two choirs in 2010 and analysis of Comunicantus: Choral Laboratory\'s protocol documentation. Chapter 1 begins with an explanation about the functioning of Comunicantus: Choral Laboratory and about the concept of Choir-School, in which all activities are based; it follows with a discussion about the challenges of choral education in the twenty-first century and it ends exposing knowledge and skills that are part of the training of trainees in voice building, such as vocal classification, vocal perception and pedagogy. Chapter 2 describes the main vocal characteristics of the beginners in the choirs Escola and Oficina regarding posture, breathing support, resonance, articulation, as well as the most frequent difficulties concerning intonation. By confronting the practices of Comunicantus: Choral Laboratory and the literature on choral conducting and vocal pedagogy, Chapter 3 presents and discusses the most used exercises in the voice building activities of these groups, aiming to work aspects such as posture, breathing and support, resonance, vowel differentiation, agility, staccato, sostenuto,homogeneity of vocal registers, extension and harmonic hearing. In the final considerations, voice building is discussed as a complex activity, in which different knowledge, skills and tools are used together and interactively as part of strategies that aim the achievement of artistic and educational goals.

Magdalena Lébeis registrou sistematicamente em seis cadernos de aulas, durante um período compreendido entre 1937 e 1955, as 1006 aulas de canto que fez com Vera Janacópulos. Este trabalho traz a transcrição completa dos manuscritos do vol. 1 dos Cadernos de Aulas de Canto de Magdalena Lébeis. Propõe análises iniciais a propósito da abordagem, tanto de Lébeis, quanto de Janacópulos, de elementos técnicos e interpretativos no estudo do canto, contidos no relato sistemático, de próprio punho, de Lébeis, utilizando diferentes fontes da bibliografia sobre pedagogia vocal e especialmente os conceitos expressos por Richard Miller. Procurou-se também contextualizar o desenvolvimento da carreira de Lébeis nas questões sócio-musicais que orbitavam no cenário musical paulistano, durante os anos contemplados pelo depoimento manuscrito de Magdalena Lébeis. Optou-se pela não sistematização das análises, por se entender que seriam necessárias ferramentas de análise adequadas, cujo desenvolvimento pertenceria a outro projeto de estudo. / Magdalena Lébeis systematically recorded in six notebooks the content of 1006 singing lessons that she took with Vera Janacópulos between 1937 and 1955. This paper presents the first volume of the manuscripts Cadernos de Aulas de Canto de Magdalena Lébeis. It proposes an initial analysis of how Lébeis as well as Janacópulos approached the technical and interpretive elements in the study of singing which is thoroughly described in Lébeis\'s account. Besides her manuscripts we have also made use of a considerable literature on vocal pedagogy and especially the concepts expressed by Richard Miller. We also sought to contextualize Lébeis career development within the social and musical scene that was revolving in São Paulo back then. It has been opted for a non-systematic analysis because we understand that a different one would require appropriate and diverse arguments and that would belong to another project.

Syftet med studien är att få en fördjupad insikt i vad lärandet av sångtekniken neutral utan luftinnebär. För att undersöka detta har jag under en fem veckors period övat neutral utan lufti 20-30 minuter, tre dagar i veckan. Under och efter övningspassen har loggbok använts för att dokumentera nya upplevelser av lärandeprocessen och utöver detta har även 5 videodokumentationer av övningspass gjorts. I denna studie utgörs den teoretiska utgångspunkten av ett designteoretiskt perspektiv med fokus på vilka semiotiska resurser som används i lärandet. Studiens frågeställningar är: Vilka teckenskapande resurser används vid inlärningen av den nya funktionen så kalladneutral utan luft? Hur används dessa resurser? Resultatet visar att de viktigaste resurserna är kroppen och de sångtekniska elementen. Dessa resurser används för att åstadkomma ett stadigt och önskvärt resultat på ett oskadligt vis. I diskussionskapitlet diskuterar jag de resurser som krävts i inlärningen av sångtekniken neutral utan luft. / The purpose of the study is to gain a deepened insight in what the learning of the singing technique neutral without aircan mean. To study this I have practiced neutral without air20-30 minutes per day, three times a week over a five weeks’ period. During and after every practice session I have written a log to document new personal experiences of the learning process. In addition to this I have documented five practice sessions with a video camera. The theoretical perspective of this study is design theory with focus on the semiotic resources used during the learning process. The study’s research questions are: Which semiotic resources are used during learning the song technique known as neutral without air? How are these resources used? The results show that the most central resources that were used were the body and the vocal elements of the technique. These resources are used to achieve a steady and desirable result in an innocuously manner. In the discussion, I describe the necessary resources for the learning process of the song techniqueneutral without air.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-19T15:54:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4833847 bytes, checksum: c5b249254b5217e6dc5089861dca6aaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T15:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4833847 bytes, checksum: c5b249254b5217e6dc5089861dca6aaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aimed to investigate the role of mental imagery on teaching and vocal placement domain in lyrical singers. Our first methodological approach consisted in bibliographic research, through which we could observe the importance the resource of mental imagery occupies in human activities as whole, being increasingly scientifically approached in several areas of knowledge; we noted, likewise, the way the issue of vocal placement has been approached in methods, treaties, books and articles since 18th century to nowadays. Afterwards, we used another method, the field research as semi-structured interview, which was applied to seven lyrical singers in different stages of formation and practice, who professionally act such as singers and singing teachers. We aimed to understand the peculiar views of each interviewed about the use of the mental imagery on their activities as singers and teachers, focusing on vocal placement. We concluded that mental imagery are considered an important technical and didactic resource, widely disseminated and accepted among singers and singing teachers as regards vocal placement. We verified, likewise, that these activities are widely supported by the literature, where we can find many studies about the relationship between mental imagery and many aspects of classical singing. / Por meio desta pesquisa investigamos o papel das imagens mentais no ensino e domínio da colocação vocal por parte de cantores líricos. Nossa primeira abordagem metodológica consistiu na pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da qual pudemos constatar a importância que o recurso de imagens mentais ocupa nas atividades humanas como um todo, sendo cada vez mais abordado cientificamente em várias áreas do conhecimento; constatamos, ainda, a maneira pela qual a questão da colocação vocal foi e vem sendo tratada em métodos, tratados, livros e artigos desde o século XVIII até nossos dias. A seguir empregamos outro método, a pesquisa de campo na forma de entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi aplicada a sete cantores líricos em diferentes estágios de formação e atuação, que atuam profissionalmente tanto como cantores quanto professores de canto. Buscamos compreender as visões particulares de cada entrevistado acerca da utilização de imagens mentais em suas práticas como cantores e professores, com particular foco na questão da colocação vocal. Concluímos que as imagens mentais constituem um recurso técnico-didático de grande importância, sendo amplamente disseminado e aceito entre cantores e professores de canto, que o utilizam cotidianamente mesmo nos casos em que não o conhecem por este nome, aplicando-o como auxiliar na construção não só da interpretação, mas também da construção técnica, particularmente no que se refere à colocação vocal. Verificamos, ainda, que tal prática é amplamente amparada pela literatura, na qual já podemos encontrar um considerável volume de escritos sobre as relações entre imagens mentais e diversos aspectos do canto lírico.

The present study aimed at examining both vocal and laryngeal changes caused by the vocal fry in five female subjects without vocal complaints, signs nor symptoms, with no report of previous voice therapy, and free of inflammatory or allergic processes at the moment of assessment. Initially, a digital recording of sustained emission of /a/ vowel and a recording of a videostroboscopic examination of larynx were performed. Soon after this procedure, the subjects did the vocal fry, in three series of 15 repetitions, with a 30-second interval of passive rest between the series, when the subjects should remain in absolute silence. Immediately after that, both the laryngeal examination and the recording of the vocal emission with the same phonatory task were carried out again. Both laryngeal and vocal data found prior to and after the technique were submitted to acoustic, perceptive-auditive, and videostroboscopic analyses. The perceptive-auditive analysis as well as the videostroboscopic one were performed by six judges (three speech and language pathologists especialized in voice, and three otorhinolaryngologist, respectively). The acoustic analysis was generated by the Multi Speech program of Kay Elemetrics. The analysis of results showed the following effects of the vocal fry: improved vibration of the mucosa of the vocal folds, particularly as to width and symmetry of vibration; improved or sustained voice type and pitch; improved or sustained parameters related to jitter and shimmer as well as the index that suggests glottic noise, suggesting decreased noise; improved index of mild phonation, suggesting greater balance of the degree of coaptation strength and completion of vocal folds closure; sustained or worsened vocal quality and resonance focus, with laryngopharyngeal prevalence; decreased fundamental frequency; and increased frequency variation and width, suggesting phonatory unstableness. Thus, in this study, it was concluded that the vocal fry had a positive effect on the vibration of the mucosa of the vocal folds andon the voice noise as well, and a negative effect on the voice resonance and stability. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar as mudanças vocais e laríngeas ocasionadas pelo som basal em cinco indivíduos adultos do sexo feminino sem queixas, sinais e sintomas vocais e laríngeos, sem relato de terapia vocal anterior e livres de quadro inflamatório ou alérgico no momento da avaliação. Inicialmente, realizou-se gravação digital da emissão sustentada da vogal /a/ e gravação do exame videolaringoestroboscópico da laringe. Imediatamente após, os sujeitos realizaram a técnica do som basal durante três séries de 15 repetições. Em seguida, realizaram-se novamente o exame laríngeo e a gravação da emissão vocal com a mesma tarefa fonatória. Os dados laríngeos e vocais pré e pós-realização da técnica foram submetidos às análises acústica, perceptivo-auditiva e videolaringoestroboscópica, sendo as duas últimas realizadas por seis juízes (três fonoaudiólogas especialistas em voz e três otorrinolaringologistas, respectivamente). A análise acústica foi gerada pelo programa Multi Speech, da Kay Elemetrics. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que o som basal propiciou: melhora da vibração da mucosa das pregas vocais, mais especificamente quanto à amplitude e simetria de vibração; melhora ou manutenção do tipo de voz e do pitch; melhora ou manutenção dos parâmetros relacionados ao jitter e shimmer (PPQ e APQ) e do índice que sugere ruído glótico (NHR), sugerindo diminuição do ruído; melhora do índice de fonação suave (SPI), sugerindo maior equilíbrio do grau de força de coaptação e da completude de fechamento das pregas vocais; manutenção ou piora da qualidade vocal e do foco ressonantal, com predomínio laringofaríngeo;diminuição da freqüência fundamental; e aumento da variação da freqüência (vf0) e amplitude (vAm), sugerindo instabilidade fonatória. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, neste estudo, o som basal promoveu um efeito positivo sobre a vibração da mucosa das pregas vocais e sobre o ruído na voz, e um efeito negativo sobre a ressonância e a estabilidade da voz.

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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-17T16:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-17T18:37:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-17T18:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mábia Regina Aires M. Felipe - 2013.pdf: 5862117 bytes, checksum: 25b685e84336b9dc1bef9fe63f9652ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The focus of this research is the basics of the vocal pedagogy developed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. It’s goal is to identify, select and analyze the pedagogical practices of the voice teachers. The main authors who support this work are Behlau (2001), Miller (1996; 2002), Ott & Ott (2006) and ware (1998). This is a qualitative research, based on the phenomenological method (FREIRE, 2007). Therefore, multiple forms of investigation were used to collect data such as revision of literature, interview, questionnaires and observations. The pedagogical approaches of the teachers were compared both to the singing literature and the teaching conceptions of the Italian, German and French schools, named as National Schools of Singing, and to the international principles on Singing. The observations allowed the analysis of the theory-practice relation developed in the context of the voice lessons, according to the methodologies of the national schools and the Internationalism in singing, reporting the teaching practices to bases of the learning cognitive process. Although the methodology of each teacher may be peculiar, the results show that their approaches are somehow related to the National Schools of Singing. However, the teachers demonstrate to be less engaged with any of these schools. They base their methodologies on the studies of vocal physiology and a wide variety of vocal repertoire according to the tonal ideals of International Singing, aiming a better quality of singing. / Esta pesquisa aborda os fundamentos da pedagogia vocal desenvolvida em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, buscando identificar, selecionar e analisar as práticas pedagógicas de professores de canto. Os principais autores que dão sustentação ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa são Miller (1996; 2002), Ott & Ott (2006) e Ware (1998). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, usando recursos do paradigma quantitativo, baseada no método fenomenológico (FREIRE, 2007). Sendo assim, múltiplas formas de investigação foram utilizadas para a coleta dos dados, através de revisão de literatura, entrevistas, questionários e observações. As abordagens pedagógicas dos professores foram comparadas com a literatura do canto, com as concepções de ensino das escolas Italiana, Alemã, Francesa e Inglesa, denominadas Escolas Nacionais de Canto, e com os princípios internacionais no canto. Os resultados das observações permitiram a análise sobre a relação teoria-prática desenvolvida no contexto das aulas de canto, de acordo com as metodologias das Escolas Nacionais e do Internacionalismo no canto, reportando as respectivas práticas de ensino às bases cognitivas da aprendizagem. Embora a metodologia de cada professor seja peculiar, os resultados indicam que suas abordagens estão relacionadas de algum modo com as Escolas Nacionais de Canto. Porém, os professores demonstram estar menos comprometidos com qualquer uma destas escolas e embasam suas metodologias nos estudos da fisiologia vocal e numa gama variada do repertório vocal, de acordo com os ideais sonoros do Canto Internacional, tendo em vista uma maior qualidade do canto.

Even before I started studying at the SKH Opera, I was already contemplating what would happen afterwards. So it all started with the idea that I'd like to apply to an Opera Studio after graduation. I realised that the largest market for opera studies is in German-speaking countries, where I could continue to develop my talent and simultaneously earn money working in my profession. For example, in the Opera Studio, an Opera provides a monthly salary. So when I applied to the university, I had to submit the so-called document "Independent project". I didn't write much, so I'd like to quote it here: “The idea for my project consists of organising and performing a few concerts of German classical music in Scandinavia. In order to best prepare for that event, I would first like to build my vocal technique at a high level. This is my main goal. In the next coming year I would like to work on German musical literature but one of the biggest dreams is to prepare a role of Papageno from The Magic Flute.”As you can see, the goal was focused on potential future work and earnings. I was mostinterested in improving my vocal technique and working on the German repertoire. Even though German was never my favorite language and I avoided it as much as I could, I decided that during this year, I'd focus on the German repertoire while also honing my technique. It's worth mentioning - I usually and almost always sang in Slavic or Latin languages, and my favourite language in the opera world is Italian. But why the role of Papageno and the opera “The Magic Flute”? While browsing through the opera repertoire currently in production in the German language, I noticed that “The Magic Flute” was one of the most frequently performed, so I thought it could be a fascinating adventure. While perusing the opera score, I found a character for myself: Papageno5, a role not too low, not too high in the vocal tessitura, a role for a baritone voice. Even though I usually sang bass-baritone roles, I decided to take up the challenge of preparing the baritone part.

While the concept of teaching jazz style to vocal students is not a new one, previous materials written on the subject have not addressed two important aspects of this process. One is the concept of selecting jazz vocal solo repertoire that is both musically and vocally purposeful and appropriate for the student. The other is how to teach stylistic concepts that will apply to both current repertoire as well as songs the student will learn in the future. This doctoral essay provides both a categorized list of solo jazz vocal repertoire as well as strategies for introducing stylistic elements of jazz into the private-lesson setting. Through a systematic analysis of jazz vocal standards, a list of repertoire selections was categorized by rhythmic style, melodic range, melodic harmony, melodic rhythm, and harmonic content. In addition, the stylistic need to add syncopations to swing songs with non-syncopated melodies was addressed. Suggestions are included on how to implement this categorized list in the music selection process for students. Furthermore, this essay provides jazz voice teachers with strategies to efficiently incorporate important aspects of jazz styles such as rhythmic feel, song form, improvisation, and harmony into the lesson setting. By showing connections between these concepts and the literature that is being taught, students can become more competent and confident within the vocal and stylistic elements of the jazz idiom.