The aim of this study was to examine Region Uppsala's health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic by answering the following research questions: In what ways have Region Uppsala practiced health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic to communicate with immigrant groups in Uppsala county? How has Region Uppsala collaborated with civil society and local actors to practice health communication during the COVID-19 pandemic? How can Region Uppsala's communicative efforts be understood from a culture-centered perspective on health communication?   A qualitative analysis was conducted on empirical data gathered through qualitative interviews with Region Uppsala employees and representatives from SIU (Samarbetsorganisationen för Invandrarföreningar i Uppsala), Röda Korset (the Red Cross) and the cultural function Gottsunda Kulturhus provided by Uppsala Kommun (Uppsala Municipality. The data was analyzed from the theoretical framework of a culture-centered approach to health communication as described by Mohan Dutta.   From this perspective, I found that Region Uppsala adopted a linear perspective on communication where the main objective has been to provide citizens with information. Region Uppsala has identified different obstacles that could determine whether they reach immigrant groups in vulnerable areas or not. Region Uppsala does, however, reinforce the gap between the organization and immigrant groups since there is a lack of understanding of how context, agency, and dialogue can be implemented in Region Uppsala's health communication to enable participation. Through collaboration with civil society and local actors, Region Uppsala has provided arenas where immigrant groups could engage in a dialogue. This has been facilitated by the local knowledge and relationship ties that the collaborators have in vulnerable areas in Uppsala. The results implicate that Region Uppsala's health communication efforts during the pandemic have been limited to this crisis when they could have been practiced with a broader scope of social change.

No description available.

Recent research suggests that women can use living apart together (LAT) for a reflexive and strategic undoing of the gendered norms of cohabitation. In this article we examine this assertion empirically, using a representative survey from Britain in 2011 and follow-up interviews. First, we find little gender differentiation in practices, expectations, or attitudes about LAT, or reasons for LAT. This does not fit in with ideas of undoing gender. Secondly, in examining how women talk about LAT in relation to gender, we distinguish three groups of ‘constrained’, ‘strategic’ and ‘vulnerable’ female interviewees. All valued the extra space and time that LAT could bring, many welcomed some release from traditional divisions of labour, and some were glad to escape unpleasant situations created by partnership with men. However, for the constrained and vulnerable groups LAT was second best, and any relaxation of gendered norms was seen as incidental and inconsequential to their major aim, or ideal, of the ‘proper family’ with cohabitation and marriage. Rather, their agency in achieving this was limited by more powerful agents, or was a reaction to perceived vulnerability. While the strategic group showed more purposeful behaviour in avoiding male authority, agency remained relational and bonded. Overall we find that women, at least in Britain, seldom use LAT to purposefully or reflexively undo gender. Equally, LAT sometimes involves a reaffirmation of gendered norms. LAT is a multi-faceted adaption to circumstances where new autonomies can at the same time incorporate old subordinations, and new arrangements can herald conventional family forms.

This research paper deals with the phenomenon of corruption as a crime not only from the perspective of criminal law, but as the cause of violations of fundamental rights. The article explains the concept of corruption and places this phenomenon in the international legal framework. Likewise, the content of the right to equality and the prohibition of discrimination is developed in this article. It exposed, with the help of examples, how that corruption violates Human Rights, affecting vulnerable groups in a particular and special way, and how well it ends up being a mechanism of structural discrimination in Peru. / El presente artículo de investigación versa sobre el fenómeno de la corrupción no solo como delito, desde la perspectiva del derecho penal, sino como la causa de vulneraciones de derechos fundamentales. El artículo explica el concepto de corrupción y sitúa este fenómeno en el marco jurídico internacional. De igual manera, se desarrolla el contenido del derecho a la igualdad y la prohibición de discriminación. Se expone, con la ayuda de ejemplos, cómo es que la corrupción vulnera derechos humanos, afectando en mayor medida y de manera particular a grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad, y cómo así termina siendo un mecanismo de discriminación estructural en Perú.

A discriminação étnico-racial é um evento estressor capaz de produzir múltiplos danos físicos e mentais. Apesar do crescente interesse científico mundial e de ser tema estratégico para a saúde coletiva, permanece pouco estudado no Brasil, especialmente quando comparado aos EUA, responsável por expressiva produção acadêmica nessa área. Acerca das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo, são ainda mais escassos os dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a sua situação de saúde, sendo nula a investigação abrangendo discriminação étnico-racial entre esses indivíduos. Buscando contribuir para essas questões, a presente pesquisa analisou as frequências de discriminação entre os adultos quilombolas do município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS, por intermédio da escala Experiences of Discrimination, além de verificar as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde dessa população, mensurados pelos questionários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde adaptados para esse trabalho. Foram realizadas 103 entrevistas, sendo a amostra composta por 55,3% de mulheres, 71,8% com idades entre 18 e 59 anos e 72,8% da raça/cor preta. A prevalência de discriminação étnico-racial percebida em algum momento da vida foi de 59,2%, resultado superior ao encontrado em outros estudos importantes acerca do tema no país. As frequências com que os entrevistados reportaram ter sofrido discriminação nos contextos cotidianos investigados variaram de 1,9% ao pedir crédito ou empréstimo bancário até 28,2% ao frequentar a escola. Os itens acerca de agravos em saúde revelaram alta (64,1%) frequência de doenças crônicas, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (45,6%) a doença mais prevalente. Foram baixos os índices de tabagismo e de uso abusivo de álcool. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a prevalência de discriminação racial nas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo do município de São Lourenço do Sul foi alta e o local no qual ela foi percebida com maior frequência foi o ambiente escolar. É de suma importância que se reconheça a existência da prática do racismo dentro da sociedade brasileira para que se sistematizem ações para transformar essa realidade. / The ethnic-racial discrimination is a stressor event related to multiple physical and mental damages. However, despite the growing scientific interest in a global scale, it remains little studied in Brazil, especially when compared to the USA, responsible for expressive academic production in this area. Concerning the remaining communities of quilombo, the data available in the literature about their health status is even scarcer, with no research covering ethnic-racial discrimination on these individuals. In order to analyze these questions, the present study investigated the frequencies of discrimination among quilombola adults in the city of São Lourenço do Sul / RS, through the scale “Experiences of Discrimination”, beside verifying the sociodemographic and health conditions of this population, measured by questionnaires of the National Health Survey adapted for this work. A total of 103 interviews were conducted, with 55.3% of women, 71.8% between 18 and 59 years old, and 72.8% of blacks. The prevalence of ethnic-racial discrimination perceived at some point in life was 59.2%, a result superior to that found in other important studies on this matter in the country. The frequencies with which respondents reported discrimination in the daily contexts of the questionnaire ranged from 1.9% when applying for credit or bank loan up to 28.2% when attending school. The items about health problems revealed a high (64.1%) frequency of chronic diseases, with systemic arterial hypertension (45.6%) being the most prevalent disease. The rates of smoking and alcohol abuse were low. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the prevalence of racial discrimination in the remaining communities of quilombo in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul was high and the place where it was most frequently perceived was the school environment. It is extremely important to recognize the existence of the practice of racism within Brazilian society to systematize actions to change this reality.

A discriminação étnico-racial é um evento estressor capaz de produzir múltiplos danos físicos e mentais. Apesar do crescente interesse científico mundial e de ser tema estratégico para a saúde coletiva, permanece pouco estudado no Brasil, especialmente quando comparado aos EUA, responsável por expressiva produção acadêmica nessa área. Acerca das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo, são ainda mais escassos os dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a sua situação de saúde, sendo nula a investigação abrangendo discriminação étnico-racial entre esses indivíduos. Buscando contribuir para essas questões, a presente pesquisa analisou as frequências de discriminação entre os adultos quilombolas do município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS, por intermédio da escala Experiences of Discrimination, além de verificar as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde dessa população, mensurados pelos questionários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde adaptados para esse trabalho. Foram realizadas 103 entrevistas, sendo a amostra composta por 55,3% de mulheres, 71,8% com idades entre 18 e 59 anos e 72,8% da raça/cor preta. A prevalência de discriminação étnico-racial percebida em algum momento da vida foi de 59,2%, resultado superior ao encontrado em outros estudos importantes acerca do tema no país. As frequências com que os entrevistados reportaram ter sofrido discriminação nos contextos cotidianos investigados variaram de 1,9% ao pedir crédito ou empréstimo bancário até 28,2% ao frequentar a escola. Os itens acerca de agravos em saúde revelaram alta (64,1%) frequência de doenças crônicas, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (45,6%) a doença mais prevalente. Foram baixos os índices de tabagismo e de uso abusivo de álcool. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a prevalência de discriminação racial nas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo do município de São Lourenço do Sul foi alta e o local no qual ela foi percebida com maior frequência foi o ambiente escolar. É de suma importância que se reconheça a existência da prática do racismo dentro da sociedade brasileira para que se sistematizem ações para transformar essa realidade. / The ethnic-racial discrimination is a stressor event related to multiple physical and mental damages. However, despite the growing scientific interest in a global scale, it remains little studied in Brazil, especially when compared to the USA, responsible for expressive academic production in this area. Concerning the remaining communities of quilombo, the data available in the literature about their health status is even scarcer, with no research covering ethnic-racial discrimination on these individuals. In order to analyze these questions, the present study investigated the frequencies of discrimination among quilombola adults in the city of São Lourenço do Sul / RS, through the scale “Experiences of Discrimination”, beside verifying the sociodemographic and health conditions of this population, measured by questionnaires of the National Health Survey adapted for this work. A total of 103 interviews were conducted, with 55.3% of women, 71.8% between 18 and 59 years old, and 72.8% of blacks. The prevalence of ethnic-racial discrimination perceived at some point in life was 59.2%, a result superior to that found in other important studies on this matter in the country. The frequencies with which respondents reported discrimination in the daily contexts of the questionnaire ranged from 1.9% when applying for credit or bank loan up to 28.2% when attending school. The items about health problems revealed a high (64.1%) frequency of chronic diseases, with systemic arterial hypertension (45.6%) being the most prevalent disease. The rates of smoking and alcohol abuse were low. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the prevalence of racial discrimination in the remaining communities of quilombo in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul was high and the place where it was most frequently perceived was the school environment. It is extremely important to recognize the existence of the practice of racism within Brazilian society to systematize actions to change this reality.

L'enfermement carcéral au regard de la loi pénitentiaire demeure la forme de privation de liberté la plus extrême. En théorie, l'incarcération ne doit porter atteinte qu'à la liberté d'aller et venir. Toutefois, en pratique, la peine de prison pèse sur de nombreux droits fondamentaux. Parmi ces libertés fondamentales, l'accès à la santé se situe au premier rang. En outre, la protection de ce droit est accrue par la publication des RPE par le Conseil de l'Europe et la jurisprudence de la Cr EDH portant sur les droits subjectifs primordiaux reconnus aux détenus, sur le régime de leur détention, la santé, le bon ordre et la sécurité des établissements pénitentiaires, les agents de l 'AP, le contrôle et l'inspection des prisons. Au regard de la législation interne et du droit européen, tous les détenus sans exception ont droit à une prise en charge sanitaire équivalente à celle en milieu libre et les catégories-vulnérables emprisonnées à des soins spécifiques. Cependant, la réalité de la santé publique en détention s'est considérablement dégradée: toxicomanies variées, alimentation pauvre et déséquilibrée, isolement carcéral, absence de soleil et de lumière naturelle, manque d'hygiène et nuisances diverses. Ainsi, tous ces facteurs concourent à altérer encore plus la santé physique et psychique des détenus. Plus généralement, les atteintes à l'exercice du droit à et/ou de la santé des personnes privées de liberté et plus spécifiquement des catégories-vulnérables dans les mêmes circonstances appellent à une sérieuse prise de conscience par la France, Haute Partie contractante à la CEDH, et une réelle mise en perspective des exigences institutionnelles européennes sur cette question fondamentale. Seul le plein respect du droit européen en la matière permettra que soit réellement reconnue la qualité de patient à part entière à l'ensemble des personnes privées de liberté au sens légal et quelque soit le régime de leur incarcération ( détention provisoire, condamnation à une peine criminelle et/ou correctionnelle à l'emprisonnement) avec un traitement médical adapté aux personnes fragiles en détention. / Imprisonment in the eyes of penitentiary law remains the most extreme form of freedom deprivation. Theoretically imprisonment must not be detrimental to the freedom to corne and go. Nevertheless, in practise, being sentenced to confinement weighs heavily on numerous fundamental rights, the access to health being the foremost one. Moreover the protection of this right has been increased by the publishing of the European Prison Rules by the Council of Europe and the jurisprudence of the European human rights court focusing on the essential subjective rights acknowledged to the prisoners, on their detention regime, health, good order and safety of the penal establishments, the officers of the Prison Authorities, the control and inspection of prisons. In the eyes of inner laws and the European Right, all the prisoners are entitled to be medically taken care of, like any person at libertiy and the vulnerable groups to specific medical treatment. However the reality of public health in prison has enormously deteriorated : various drug addictions, poor and unbalanced diet, isolation, lack of sun and natural light, lack of hygiene and diverse nuisances. Therefore all these factors contribute to impair the prisoners' physical and mental health. More generally the undermining of exercising imprisoned people's right to health and/or health right, and more specifically, the vulnerable groups' health care rights under the same circumstances, calls for France, as a great contracting party of the European Human Rights Convention, to show serious awareness and for the European institutional requirements to be put in perspective, as regard this essential issue. Only the full respect of the European Right will enable to really acknowledge the status of patient on his/her own right, to every single one of the prisoners, with medical treatments adapted to the fragile detainees.

A discriminação étnico-racial é um evento estressor capaz de produzir múltiplos danos físicos e mentais. Apesar do crescente interesse científico mundial e de ser tema estratégico para a saúde coletiva, permanece pouco estudado no Brasil, especialmente quando comparado aos EUA, responsável por expressiva produção acadêmica nessa área. Acerca das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo, são ainda mais escassos os dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a sua situação de saúde, sendo nula a investigação abrangendo discriminação étnico-racial entre esses indivíduos. Buscando contribuir para essas questões, a presente pesquisa analisou as frequências de discriminação entre os adultos quilombolas do município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS, por intermédio da escala Experiences of Discrimination, além de verificar as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde dessa população, mensurados pelos questionários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde adaptados para esse trabalho. Foram realizadas 103 entrevistas, sendo a amostra composta por 55,3% de mulheres, 71,8% com idades entre 18 e 59 anos e 72,8% da raça/cor preta. A prevalência de discriminação étnico-racial percebida em algum momento da vida foi de 59,2%, resultado superior ao encontrado em outros estudos importantes acerca do tema no país. As frequências com que os entrevistados reportaram ter sofrido discriminação nos contextos cotidianos investigados variaram de 1,9% ao pedir crédito ou empréstimo bancário até 28,2% ao frequentar a escola. Os itens acerca de agravos em saúde revelaram alta (64,1%) frequência de doenças crônicas, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (45,6%) a doença mais prevalente. Foram baixos os índices de tabagismo e de uso abusivo de álcool. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a prevalência de discriminação racial nas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo do município de São Lourenço do Sul foi alta e o local no qual ela foi percebida com maior frequência foi o ambiente escolar. É de suma importância que se reconheça a existência da prática do racismo dentro da sociedade brasileira para que se sistematizem ações para transformar essa realidade. / The ethnic-racial discrimination is a stressor event related to multiple physical and mental damages. However, despite the growing scientific interest in a global scale, it remains little studied in Brazil, especially when compared to the USA, responsible for expressive academic production in this area. Concerning the remaining communities of quilombo, the data available in the literature about their health status is even scarcer, with no research covering ethnic-racial discrimination on these individuals. In order to analyze these questions, the present study investigated the frequencies of discrimination among quilombola adults in the city of São Lourenço do Sul / RS, through the scale “Experiences of Discrimination”, beside verifying the sociodemographic and health conditions of this population, measured by questionnaires of the National Health Survey adapted for this work. A total of 103 interviews were conducted, with 55.3% of women, 71.8% between 18 and 59 years old, and 72.8% of blacks. The prevalence of ethnic-racial discrimination perceived at some point in life was 59.2%, a result superior to that found in other important studies on this matter in the country. The frequencies with which respondents reported discrimination in the daily contexts of the questionnaire ranged from 1.9% when applying for credit or bank loan up to 28.2% when attending school. The items about health problems revealed a high (64.1%) frequency of chronic diseases, with systemic arterial hypertension (45.6%) being the most prevalent disease. The rates of smoking and alcohol abuse were low. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the prevalence of racial discrimination in the remaining communities of quilombo in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul was high and the place where it was most frequently perceived was the school environment. It is extremely important to recognize the existence of the practice of racism within Brazilian society to systematize actions to change this reality.

The present Bachelor thesis examines the medial representations of ”vulnerable areas” (Swedish:”utsatta områden”) and the people living in those areas. In order to achieve my purpose a qualitative discourse analysis is conducted by applying Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's discourse theory. A total of 14 debate articles and editorial pages published in the two Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen are analyzed. Three prominent discourses are identified in the analysis: a criminalization discourse, an ethnification discourse and a poverty discourse. The first two are found to be most prominent in the empirical material. The result shows that the construction of the collective identity of people living in ”vulnerable areas” substantially is fixated around ethnicity and criminality. This is believed to have an impact on the public debate about interventions in these areas. / <p>2019-02-19</p>

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-04T20:26:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaSantos.pdf: 3205873 bytes, checksum: 0ea1c3dc20ca9f96a31dac45e32d26af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T20:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaSantos.pdf: 3205873 bytes, checksum: 0ea1c3dc20ca9f96a31dac45e32d26af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-04 / Introduction: Excessive salt consumption has been observed in most countries over the last years, ranging from nine to 12 grams per person per day, above the limit recommended by the World Health Organization which is five grams at the most. Currently, high sodium intake has been considered a major risk factor for development of diseases. The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is considered the gold standard method for evaluation of sodium consumption; however, difficulties associated with accuracy of urine collections may interfere with the results. Estimation of sodium intake by spot urine samples, at population level, has been increasingly used as a suitable and inexpensive alternative. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,211 African descendants from Alcântara, Maranhão. Demographic, lifestyle, clinical and laboratory data were evaluated. The urinary excretion estimation of sodium and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were obtained using the Kawasaki and the CKDEPI equations, respectively. In order to identify variables related to sodium excretion, the multivariate linear regression model was used and the variables with p value < 0.20 were included in the analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the relationship between eGFR and sodium excretion. A significance level of 5% was used and the data were analyzed using the STATA 14.0 software. Results: Most individuals were women (52.8%) with a mean age of 37.5 ± 11.7 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. The mean excretion of sodium was 204.6 ± 15.3 mmol/d and the eGFR was 111.8 ± 15.3 mL / min / 1.73 m². Hypertensive individuals showed higher sodium excretion (217.9 ± 90.1 mmol / d vs 199.2 ± 83.0 mmol \ d; p = 0.002). After the adjusted analysis, the waist circumference (PR = 1.16), triglycerides (RP = 1.13), systolic blood pressure (RP = 1.19) and eGFR (RP = 1.24) remained related with urinary sodium excretion. According to the multivariate linear regression, the eGFR was correlated independently with sodium excretion (β = 0.11, p <0.001), age (β = -0.67, p <0.001), female gender (β = -0.20, p <0.001) and BMI (β=-0.09; p <0.001). Conclusion: Urinary excretion of sodium was high in spot urine sample. Furthermore, association with waist circumference, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and eGFR was observed. The eGFR was negatively correlated with age, female gender and body mass index. Conversely, there was a positive correlation between eGFR and urinary sodium excretion. / Introdução: Nos últimos anos, o consumo de sal tem sido excessivo na maioria dos países, variando de nove a 12 gramas por pessoa por dia, ultrapassando o recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde que é de cinco gramas de sal, no máximo. Atualmente o consumo elevado de sódio passou a ser considerado um dos principais fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de doenças. A avaliação do consumo, por meio da excreção em urina de 24h é considerada o método padrão ouro, entretanto, as dificuldades associadas com a acurácia da coleta da urina podem interferir nos resultados, estimativa a partir da coleta de urina isolada, a nível populacional, é cada vez mais utilizada como uma alternativa conveniente e acessível. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 1211 afrodescendentes de Alcântra-Ma. Foram avaliados dados demográficos, de estilo de vida e clínico laboratoriais. A estimativa da excreção urinária de sódio foi avaliada por meio da equação de Kawasaki e a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe) pela equação do CKD-EPI. Para identificar as variáveis relacionadas com a excreção de sódio foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear multivariado e as variáveis com p-valor<0,20 foram consideradas na análise. Para determinar a relação entre TFGe e excreção de sódio foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear multivariada. O nível de significância adotado para a análise foi de 5% e os dados foram analisados no software STATA 14.0. Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos eram mulheres (52,8%), com média de idade de 37,5±11,7 anos. A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 21,3% e a média de excreção de sódio foi de 204,6±15,3 mmol/d e da TFGe de 111,8±15,3 ml/min/1,73m². Indivíduoas hipertensos apresentaram maior excreção de sódio (217.9±90,1mmol/d vs 199,2±83,0 mmol\dia; p=0,002). Após análise ajustada, a circunferência da cintura (RP=1,16), triglicerídeos (RP=1,13), pressão arterial sistólica (RP=1,19) e TFGe (RP=1,24) permaneceram associadas à excreção urinária de sódio. De acordo com a regressão linear multivariada, a TFGe se correlacionou independentemente com a excreção de sódio (β = 0,11; p <0,001), idade (β = -0,67; p <0,001), sexo feminino (β = -0,20; p <0,001) e IMC (β = -0,09; p <0,001). Conclusão: A excreção urinária de sódio, avaliada em amostra isolada de urina, foi elevada e aspresentou associação com a circunferência da cintura, triglicerídeos, pressão arterial sistólica e TFGe. A TFGe foi correlacionada negativamente com idade, sexo feminino e índice de massa corporal, e positivamente com a excreção urinária de sódio.