Ancré dans une perspective historique, ce mémoire cherche à mettre en application une relecture de la théorie wébérienne de la « rationalisation éthique » comme facteur explicatif de la reconfiguration moderne du rapport entretenu entre les individus et la religion. Un retour sur les changements survenus dans la pensée religieuse de la Renaissance — pensée mise en contraste avec la situation religieuse des populations du Moyen-Âge — permet de mettre en évidence le passage d’une religion syncrétique, ritualiste et imprégnée de magie, à un christianisme épuré, intériorisé et rationnel. L’étude de la pensée religieuse de l’humaniste Érasme de Rotterdam, pris comme « figure historique » porteuse de cette transformation, pointe vers la diffusion à la Renaissance d’un christianisme compris comme système philosophique compréhensif dépouillé de son caractère mystique. Cette diffusion d’un « esprit » chrétien, et l’importance accordée à la mise en œuvre d’une conduite de vie méthodique spécifiquement orientée vers le salut, participe au premier chef d’un processus de « quotidianisation » du charisme religieux, prélude essentiel, dans une perspective wébérienne, à la « rationalisation éthique » et à l’autonomisation de la sphère religieuse dans la vie sociale. / By way of a historical perspective, this masters thesis aims to reconsider the weberian “ethical rationalization” theory as an explanatory factor for the modern transformation of the relationship between individuals and religion. Reviewing the changes in Renaissance religious thought—and contrasting it with the Medieval religious context—enables us to uncover a shift from a syncretic and ritualized religion that is filled with magical elements, towards an uncluttered, internalized and rational Christianity. The focus on Erasmus of Rotterdam’s religious humanist thought—considered here as a “historical figure” and carrier of these transformations—brings light on how Christianity was stripped of its mystical aspects and came to be understood as a comprehensive philosophical system. The dissemination of such a Christian “spirit”, as well as the importance granted to a methodical way of life specifically oriented towards salvation, play a key role in the appearance of a “quotidian ritualization” of religious charisma, which is in itself, according to Weber, an essential preliminary to an “ethical rationalization” and thus to the “autonomization” of the religious sphere in the social life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Peixoto de Azevedo Arruda.pdf: 458898 bytes, checksum: e110eafeb069dae69958b977392d6c85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / This dissertation lays out the main elements that make up the rationalization process discussed by Max Weber throughout his work, which results in the singularity of modern Western civilization and disenchantment of the world , as well as the effects of this process in the meaning of sciences, especially legal science, in modernity. To that effect, special attention is given to Weber s reflections on this respect in his classic essays Intermediate reflection and Science as a vocation. For proper comprehension of the rationale developed by Weber in said essays, this dissertation also examines, in general terms, Weber s sociology of religion and scientific methodology. Based on these elements, this dissertation proposes an examination of Weberian thought on law within a larger context of his sociology of modernity in order to identify the contribution of law to the rationalization process and the effects suffered by it as a consequence of the same process / Este trabalho tem por objetivo expor os principais elementos que compõe o processo de racionalização discutido por Max Weber ao longo de sua obra, ao qual se deve a singularidade da moderna sociedade ocidental e o desencantamento do mundo , bem como os efeitos deste processo no significado das ciências, notadamente a ciência do direito, na modernidade. Para tanto, é dada especial atenção às considerações de Weber a esse respeito em seus textos clássicos Consideração intermediária e A ciência como vocação. Para que os argumentos desenvolvidos por Weber nos referidos textos possam ser adequadamente compreendidos, este trabalho percorre, ainda, de modo geral, a sociologia da religião e a metodologia científica de Weber. Com base nesses elementos, este trabalho propõe o exame do pensamento weberiano sobre o direito no contexto maior da sua sociologia da modernidade a fim de identificar a contribuição do direito para o processo de racionalização e os efeitos por este sofridos em consequência do mesmo processo

Cette recherche vise à expliquer et comprendre le déroulement de l'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs, de l'action de quelques-uns à l'adoption collective, voire l'institutionnalisation d'un marché de la nouveauté. Les historiens établissent un lien fort entre le développement de l'adoption de la nouveauté et celui de nouvelles strates intermédiaires. La Chine des années 2010 offre un cas d'étude idéal. La comparaison historique permet de formuler l'hypothèse de dynamiques statutaires différentes en Europe et en Chine, et d'une régulation différente des statuts. Une matrice contextuelle expliquant l'adoption est construite et appliquée aux modèles de seuils pour définir des séquences typiques conduisant à l'adoption collective de la nouveauté. Plusieurs réseaux de jeunes adoptants de nouvelles technologies diplômés du supérieur sont suivis entre 2010 et 2015 au moyen d'entretiens individuels approfondis (video-chat, échanges informels et recoupement de sources digitales). L'analyse montre l'existence de chaînes d'adoption, et met en lumière le rôle de relayeurs de la nouveauté. Elle permet de décrire deux séquences typiques de passage à l'adoption collective en restituant la significativité des contextes dans lesquels adoptant et relayeur s'apparient. Les récits d'adoption sont resitués dans le contexte de l'évolutions des carrières professionnelles et conjugales. Ils permettent de comprendre le lien entre adoption et nouvelles strates intermédiaires. Ces dernières sont porteuses de différentes visions de la nouveauté marchande et de la modernisation. Le contexte de réformes et de transition chinois d'après 1978 apparaît comme un lieu favorable à cette double configuration. / The purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration.

Os argumentos que apresentaremos ao longo das páginas seguintes terão como fio condutor as reações de uma parcela da intelligentsia alemã à revolução russa de 1905. Mesmo antes de se tornar palco de eventos revolucionários de importância central para os destinos políticos do continente, a Rússia já exercia algum magnetismo sobre as camadas cultas da Alemanha em virtude de suas realizações no plano cultural. No entanto, a partir dos conflitos subsequentes ao domingo sangrento, os alemães vieram também a nutrir interesse pelos eventuais reflexos desse processo revolucionário no contexto político em que estavam inseridos. Essa afirmação será corroborada mediante a análise crítica de escritos que algumas das personalidades intelectuais mais fecundas em atividade na Alemanha Guilhermina dedicaram às disputas em curso no império do czar. Mais especificamente, confrontaremos os artigos de Max Weber embasados numa combinação peculiar entre nacionalismo germânico e a tradição liberal e as avaliações produzidas pelas diferentes vertentes do pensamento socialdemocrata que disputavam entre si o conteúdo das diretrizes daquele que figurava então como o maior e mais respeitado partido marxista da II Internacional. Nesse último caso, trata-se de desvendar como as polêmicas travadas entre Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky e Rosa Luxemburg acerca da viabilidade da greve de massas na Alemanha estiveram impregnadas de leituras particulares a respeito da distância entre as condições da luta de classes no Kaiserreich e as peculiaridades daquele tecido societário onde o proletariado despontava, pela primeira vez, como força protagonista e hegemônica de transformações com alcance revolucionário. Em resumo, demonstraremos que os juízos emitidos por esses autores sobre a revolução russa estiveram imbuídos por reflexões subjacentes que, explicita ou implicitamente, diziam respeito aos tensionamento políticos e sociais que acompanharam o processo de modernização da Alemanha. Em sentido metafórico, defenderemos a ideia de que a Rússia apresentou-se-lhes como um espelho convexo, no qual a imagem da Alemanha teria sido refletida, ainda que, obviamente, de maneira distorcida. / The statements presented in the following pages will focus the reaction of some representative members of the German intelligentsia towards the Russian revolution of 1905. Due to its achievements in the cultural field, Russia already exercised a sort of magnectical attraction upon the German cultural stratum, even before it became the scenery of revolutionary events of central importance for the political destiny of the European continent. Neverthless, those conflicts that ensued the bloody Sunday also roused concerns about the possible reflexes of this revolutionary proccess in their own political context. This assertion will be corroborated by the critical analysis of the writings that some among the most prominent intellectual personalities in Wilhelminian Germany devoted to the disputes in the empire of the tsar. More specifically, I intend to consider Max Weber\'s articles which were based on a peculiar combination of German nacionalism and the liberal tradition in relation to the judgments of the different social democratic tendencies envolved in the debate over the course of the major party within the Second International. Thus, I will make an attempt to shed some light on how the controversies between Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky and Rosa Luxemburg over the feasibility of the political mass strike methods in Germany were infused with particular interpretations concerning the distance between the class struggle conditions in the Kaiserreich and the peculiarities which characterized that social tissue where the proletariat emerged for the first time as protagonist and hegemonical force of revolutionary transformations. In short, it will be shown that these authors\' formulations about the Russian revolution were pervaded by underlying reflections that implicitly or explicitly referred to the social and political tensions that accompanied the modernization proccess in Germany. Metaphorically, I will support the proposition that Russia appeared to them as a convex mirror, where the image of Germany would have been reflected, even though in a distorted manner.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Antonio Carneiro Barbosa.pdf: 4079455 bytes, checksum: 5cb865e2d819e740485ed190124a3fc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Faust: the power of the myth. The myth has itself a transformation power. On it there is a prospect to restore or to destroy, because the myth has a particular characteristic that never let the things on way they are. So this is the Doctor Faust´s myth that the legacy plots like a construct of the modern man representation and at the same time it is an overpowered rage of rationality without heart and soul, property of our contemporary society. Its origins are perfectly searchingly, because it is about a modern myth and beyond that, the myth is alive and palpitate. The historic figure of Johann Georg Faust aggregates during the 16th Century in Germany that brings peculiar characteristic of men like Agrippa von Nettesheim e Paracelso, both alchemist and his contemporaries whose generated a legendary substratum of the myth. After the publication of Faustbuch (1587), a record is not totally veridical about the feat and profanity of Georg Faust, the incipient myth found its way to England bringing at this point personal traits from the Elizabethan wizard, the Doctor John Dee. From this blend between the German myth and the England wizard, it was born the literary Faust through the writing play between 1588 and 1589 by Christopher Marlowe, The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus. Popularized, the story achieved fame in the European market adapted for the puppets theater. And it was the way that the myth reaches the knowledge of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German poet. Author of Faust: a tragedy, parts I and II (1808 e 1832), Goethe was the responsible for the consolidation of the myth and to make it become universal, it was considered his highly exponent. One life dedicated for this work, the Goethe´s Faust was richly explored by Carl Gustav Jung, who was considerable part of his studies about archetypal psychology of unconscious. It is exactly the archetypal relation of the Doctor Faustus´s myth with the weberian model of Protestant rationality, with the contemporary religion of opulence, the motto of this dissertation. / Fausto: o poder de um mito. O mito traz em si poder transformador. Nele reside a possibilidade de restaurar ou de destruir, pois é próprio do mito nunca deixar as coisas do jeito como elas estão. Assim é o mito do Doutor Fausto, cujo legado urde como constructo da representação do homem moderno e, ao mesmo tempo, da fúria avassaladora da racionalidade sem alma e sem coração própria de nossa sociedade contemporânea. Suas origens são perfeitamente sondáveis, pois trata-se de um mito moderno e, mais, um mito vivo e pulsante. À figura histórica de Johann Georg Faust agregam-se, na Alemanha do século XVI, características bastante peculiares de homens como Agrippa von Nettesheim e Paracelso, ambos alquimistas e seus contemporâneos, gerando o substrato lendário do mito. Após a publicação do Faustbuch (1587), registro não totalmente verídico acerca das façanhas e profanidades de Georg Faust, o mito incipiente chega à Inglaterra agregando desta vez traços personais do mago elizabetano Doutor John Dee. Dessa mescla entre o mito alemão e o mago inglês nasce o Fausto literário por meio da peça escrita entre 1588 e 1589 por Chistopher Marlowe, A Trágica História do Doutor Fausto. Popularizada, a história ganha as feiras européias adaptada para o teatro de marionetes. E, foi assim nesse formato que o mito chegou ao conhecimento de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, poeta alemão. Autor de Fausto: uma tragédia, partes I e II (1808 e 1832), Goethe foi responsável pela consolidação e universalização do mito, sendo considerado seu principal expoente. Trabalho de toda uma vida, o Fausto de Goethe foi amplamente explorado por Carl Gustav Jung, fazendo parte considerável de seus estudos sobre a psicologia arquetípica do inconsciente. É justamente essa relação arquetípica entre o mito do Doutor Fausto e o modelo weberiano de racionalidade protestante, com a religião contemporânea da opulência, o mote deste trabalho.

Os argumentos que apresentaremos ao longo das páginas seguintes terão como fio condutor as reações de uma parcela da intelligentsia alemã à revolução russa de 1905. Mesmo antes de se tornar palco de eventos revolucionários de importância central para os destinos políticos do continente, a Rússia já exercia algum magnetismo sobre as camadas cultas da Alemanha em virtude de suas realizações no plano cultural. No entanto, a partir dos conflitos subsequentes ao domingo sangrento, os alemães vieram também a nutrir interesse pelos eventuais reflexos desse processo revolucionário no contexto político em que estavam inseridos. Essa afirmação será corroborada mediante a análise crítica de escritos que algumas das personalidades intelectuais mais fecundas em atividade na Alemanha Guilhermina dedicaram às disputas em curso no império do czar. Mais especificamente, confrontaremos os artigos de Max Weber embasados numa combinação peculiar entre nacionalismo germânico e a tradição liberal e as avaliações produzidas pelas diferentes vertentes do pensamento socialdemocrata que disputavam entre si o conteúdo das diretrizes daquele que figurava então como o maior e mais respeitado partido marxista da II Internacional. Nesse último caso, trata-se de desvendar como as polêmicas travadas entre Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky e Rosa Luxemburg acerca da viabilidade da greve de massas na Alemanha estiveram impregnadas de leituras particulares a respeito da distância entre as condições da luta de classes no Kaiserreich e as peculiaridades daquele tecido societário onde o proletariado despontava, pela primeira vez, como força protagonista e hegemônica de transformações com alcance revolucionário. Em resumo, demonstraremos que os juízos emitidos por esses autores sobre a revolução russa estiveram imbuídos por reflexões subjacentes que, explicita ou implicitamente, diziam respeito aos tensionamento políticos e sociais que acompanharam o processo de modernização da Alemanha. Em sentido metafórico, defenderemos a ideia de que a Rússia apresentou-se-lhes como um espelho convexo, no qual a imagem da Alemanha teria sido refletida, ainda que, obviamente, de maneira distorcida. / The statements presented in the following pages will focus the reaction of some representative members of the German intelligentsia towards the Russian revolution of 1905. Due to its achievements in the cultural field, Russia already exercised a sort of magnectical attraction upon the German cultural stratum, even before it became the scenery of revolutionary events of central importance for the political destiny of the European continent. Neverthless, those conflicts that ensued the bloody Sunday also roused concerns about the possible reflexes of this revolutionary proccess in their own political context. This assertion will be corroborated by the critical analysis of the writings that some among the most prominent intellectual personalities in Wilhelminian Germany devoted to the disputes in the empire of the tsar. More specifically, I intend to consider Max Weber\'s articles which were based on a peculiar combination of German nacionalism and the liberal tradition in relation to the judgments of the different social democratic tendencies envolved in the debate over the course of the major party within the Second International. Thus, I will make an attempt to shed some light on how the controversies between Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky and Rosa Luxemburg over the feasibility of the political mass strike methods in Germany were infused with particular interpretations concerning the distance between the class struggle conditions in the Kaiserreich and the peculiarities which characterized that social tissue where the proletariat emerged for the first time as protagonist and hegemonical force of revolutionary transformations. In short, it will be shown that these authors\' formulations about the Russian revolution were pervaded by underlying reflections that implicitly or explicitly referred to the social and political tensions that accompanied the modernization proccess in Germany. Metaphorically, I will support the proposition that Russia appeared to them as a convex mirror, where the image of Germany would have been reflected, even though in a distorted manner.

The purpose of this study is to find the virtue ethics John Bunyan presents in Pilgrim´s Progress part 1, compared with the virtues Max Weber presents, and then try Weber´s theory on the empirical data, Pilgrim´s Progress. When I compare the virtues in Weber´s theory with the virtues in Pilgrim´s Progress, I interpret Weber´s theory as limited. From Weber´s theory emerges the puritan virtues: fulfillment of duty, struggle, self-control and live simply. He also mentions gratitude to God and helpfulness to other people, but this is shown through work in the society. These virtues can also be found in Pilgrim´s Progress. The fulfillment of duty in Weber´s theory is mainly focused on work-ethic, while I interpret the fulfillment of duty in Pilgrim´s Progress more focused on the struggle with the Belief in God. The virtues self-control and to live simply is clearly seen in both sources, which strengthens this part of Weber´s theory. The most interesting thing is that I found several virtues in Pilgrim´s Progress, which Weber did not attributed any significant. These are: forgiveness, help, spiritual communion, and gratitude to God.

Ancré dans une perspective historique, ce mémoire cherche à mettre en application une relecture de la théorie wébérienne de la « rationalisation éthique » comme facteur explicatif de la reconfiguration moderne du rapport entretenu entre les individus et la religion. Un retour sur les changements survenus dans la pensée religieuse de la Renaissance — pensée mise en contraste avec la situation religieuse des populations du Moyen-Âge — permet de mettre en évidence le passage d’une religion syncrétique, ritualiste et imprégnée de magie, à un christianisme épuré, intériorisé et rationnel. L’étude de la pensée religieuse de l’humaniste Érasme de Rotterdam, pris comme « figure historique » porteuse de cette transformation, pointe vers la diffusion à la Renaissance d’un christianisme compris comme système philosophique compréhensif dépouillé de son caractère mystique. Cette diffusion d’un « esprit » chrétien, et l’importance accordée à la mise en œuvre d’une conduite de vie méthodique spécifiquement orientée vers le salut, participe au premier chef d’un processus de « quotidianisation » du charisme religieux, prélude essentiel, dans une perspective wébérienne, à la « rationalisation éthique » et à l’autonomisation de la sphère religieuse dans la vie sociale. / By way of a historical perspective, this masters thesis aims to reconsider the weberian “ethical rationalization” theory as an explanatory factor for the modern transformation of the relationship between individuals and religion. Reviewing the changes in Renaissance religious thought—and contrasting it with the Medieval religious context—enables us to uncover a shift from a syncretic and ritualized religion that is filled with magical elements, towards an uncluttered, internalized and rational Christianity. The focus on Erasmus of Rotterdam’s religious humanist thought—considered here as a “historical figure” and carrier of these transformations—brings light on how Christianity was stripped of its mystical aspects and came to be understood as a comprehensive philosophical system. The dissemination of such a Christian “spirit”, as well as the importance granted to a methodical way of life specifically oriented towards salvation, play a key role in the appearance of a “quotidian ritualization” of religious charisma, which is in itself, according to Weber, an essential preliminary to an “ethical rationalization” and thus to the “autonomization” of the religious sphere in the social life.

Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2003.

Dans l'objectif de maîtriser le démarrage des moteurs fusées en vol balistique, il est proposé de caractériser le transitoire de remplissage des cavités d'injection des organes de combustion. L'étude s'effectue principalement sur la cavité tampon, appelée dôme. Le comburant est maintenu sous pression en amont d'une vanne dont l'ouverture contrôle son passage vers une chambre tampon qui est liée à la chambre de combustion à travers un réseau d'injecteurs. Afin d'empêcher la remontée du carburant vers la chambre tampon, un gaz balaye la chambre de l'entrée vers les injecteurs. Cette étude expérimentale consiste à décrire la structure spatio-temporelle de l'écoulement diphasique dans la cavité tampon suite à l'ouverture de la vanne en présence de l'écoulement du gaz de balayage. Il s'agit de suivre l'évolution de l'écoulement sur des temps courts (quelques centaine ms) par un ensemble de mesures (débits, pressions, distribution spatiale des phases, suivi de l'interface) sans ou avec transfert thermique aux parois de la cavité. Des fluides de substitutions sont utilisés. Pour la partie expérimentale sans transfert thermique, de l'eau et de l'air sont utilisés à la place du comburant et du gaz inerte et pour la partie non isotherme du "x" (fluorocarbone) et un gaz "y" ont été choisis. Dans le premier cas, les expériences isothermes ont mis en évidence le comportement typique des grandeurs comme la pression dans la cavité et le débit de liquide entrant ainsi que la distribution des phases en sortie d'injection, tandis qu'une analyse des résultats a montré l'importance des différentes échelles de temps qui interviennent pendant le remplissage: temps d'ouverture de la vanne, temps de recouvrement des injecteurs par le liquide et les temps de remplissage et de vidange de la cavité tampon. Dans le deuxième cas, les parois sont chauffées au-dessus de la valeur d'ébullition du liquide, pour la gamme de pression envisagée dans le dôme. Le but est de quantifier les effets d'un possible changement de phase aux parois et d'évaluer leur importance sur l'écoulement. De plus, les conséquences dues à l'échauffement du gaz de balayage constituent une partie significative du programme expérimental. Le gaz est chauffé indépendamment des parois. Un modèle théorique traitant des différents régimes d'écoulements pendant le transitoire de remplissage permet de reproduire le comportement des pressions, débit liquide et fraction volumique de gaz dans la cavité. L'ensemble de ces mesures permettent de comprendre le transitoire de remplissage de la cavité d'injection dôme et l'analyse théorique qui accompagne ces expériences doit permettre l'extrapolation des résultats obtenus en laboratoire aux conditions réelles (fluides cryogéniques sous microgravité). Elle doit aussi fournir les conditions aux limites requises pour les approches numériques développées par ailleurs ainsi que les bases de données permettant de tester ces simulations. / In order to control the ignition of rocket motors during ballistic flight, the transient flow of comburant into a reservoir or buffer cavity (dôme) and then through a grid of injectors must be carefully characterised. The liquid oxygen is held under pressure upstream of a valve which opens into the dome. The valve opening is a control parameter. To avoid any possible flow of carburant from combustion chamber back into reservoir, the latter is swept with an inert gas, thus ensuring that the pressure in the reservoir remains higher than in the combustion chamber. This experimental study has the aim of characterising the spatio-temporal structure of two-phase flow into the dome following opening of principal liquid valve. Filling the dome and forcing the liquid through the injectors has an overall time scale of some hundred milliseconds. High resolution measurements of liquid and gas flow rates, pressure, phase distribution, interface velocity and temperatures are recorded for different values of the key parameters as well as visualisations. For the experimental program with heat transfer, the comburant was replaced with "x". Much work was carried out on the effects of heat transfer from either the gas or the walls or both to the liquid entering the dome once these were above the liquid boiling point. Previous studies in the LEGI using water and air, and without heat transfer brought to light the important variations in dome pressure and liquid flow rate during the transient, while analysis of results indicated the importance of a number of time scales : value opening time, time for the liquid to cover the injectors, time to fill the dome, time to empty it. For the heat transfer experiments, the walls are heated for the pressure range chosen. The sweep gas is heated too. The aim of these experiments is to seek evidence of a phase-change at the walls or during interaction with the gas and to evaluate its importance. To carry out these experiments, specific instrumentation was used. The whole of these mesures enable us to understand the transient filling of the injection cavity. Thus, theoretical analysis have to allow extrapolations of results obteined in laboratory to real cases (cryogenic liquid under microgravity). Then, we have to give a data base to developp and validate numerical simulation.