The thesis aims to present and evaluate Liselotte Frisk’s usage of the father of charismatic research, Max Weber’s, theories regarding charismatic leadership. It does this by examining, using textual analysis, chapters from two works meant to examine and categorize new religious movements. The two works are “Nya religiösa rörelser” and “De nya religiösa rörelserna-vart tog de vägen?”. Three specific New Religious Movements have been selected: the Osho-movement, the church of Scientology as well as Hare-Krishna. The study details Frisk’s usage of Weber’s theories based on an analytical model that in itself is based upon Weber’s own definition of what constitutes charismatic leadership. The study finds that while Frisk uses aspects of Weber’s theories, there are certain aspects that do not align. Rather than seeing this as a fault of Frisk in her application of Weber, it should, however, be seen as a sign of the fact that Weber’s theories are somewhat vague and difficult to adapt and use. There is a reason for why he has been challenged and questioned on his views and terminology concerning charismatic leadership when it comes to New Religious Movements. That being said, there are aspects of it that in the present author’s opinion are still worth to investigate and use when it comes to leadership in religious organizations.

Galois theory, the study of the structure and symmetry of a polynomial or associated field extension, is a standard tool for showing the insolvability of a quintic equation by radicals. On the other hand, the Inverse Galois Problem, given a finite group G, find a finite extension of the rational field Q whose Galois group is G, is still an open problem. We give an introduction to the Inverse Galois Problem and compare some radically different approaches to finding an extension of Q that gives a desired Galois group. In particular, a proof of the Kronecker-Weber theorem, that any finite extension of Q with an abelian Galois group is contained in a cyclotomic extension, will be discussed using an approach relying on the study of ramified prime ideals. In contrast, a different method will be explored that defines rigid groups to be groups where a selection of conjugacy classes satisfies a series of specific properties. Under the right conditions, such a group is also guaranteed to be the Galois group of an extension of Q. / Master of Science

This ethnographic study examines the organizational structure, formation of community and ritual performance of a Catholic charismatic prayer group in the United States. Heavily influenced by the Protestant Pentecostal movement, the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR) began as a grassroots movement among the Catholic laity in the late 1960s and proposed a personal connection with God through "baptism in the Holy Spirit" and reception of "charisms," spiritual gifts, such as glossolalia (speaking in tongues), healing and prophesying. Earlier studies suggested that such groups would fade out due to the inherent tension with Catholic institutions. Nevertheless, this dissertation presents the case study of a rapidly growing Catholic charismatic group at the suburbs of Boston, with a charismatic leader who is also a priest. The research methods include participant observation of all the meetings, retreats, and rituals, formal and informal interviews of the leader, his clerical associates and members, and review of the groups' publications and the leader's own radio program, during a period of twenty months from December 2001 to August 2003. I have also visited and interviewed priests and lay people of non-charismatic Catholic churches and two Protestant Pentecostal churches in the greater Boston area. Building upon Max Weber's theory of charisma, this dissertation examines how the charismatic leader maximizes his authority by integrating both personal and institutional charisma. The vertical ties the community members cultivate with the leader and the horizontal ties they establish among themselves through narratives of conversion and healing experience reinforce group cohesion and resilience. By analyzing ritual language and bodily movement, this study argues that ritual is a communication system in which the charisma of the leader and the religious experience of the followers are embodied. This study of the actual workings of a charismatic group within the hierarchical structure of the church not only advances the relationship between charisma and institution beyond the Weberian paradigm but also situates the case study of charismatic leadership within the social and historical context of American culture at large.

Le concept de rationalisation du parlementarisme fait aujourd’hui partie des concepts marquants du droit public français. Tout semble avoir été dit sur les techniques de rationalisation consacrées par la constitution de 1958. Pourtant, force est de constater que le concept de rationalisation reste mal connu. Inventé à la fin des années vingt par le juriste d’origine ukrainienne Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch pour décrire la dynamique de constitutionnalisation à l’œuvre dans les nouveaux Etats d’Europe centrale et orientale au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, le concept de rationalisation du parlementarisme dérive du concept général de rationalisation du pouvoir qui renvoie à l’idée d’une société entièrement régie par le droit. Quelles sont les sources d’inspiration du concept de rationalisation ? Comment se traduit son implantation et son évolution dans la pensée constitutionnelle française des années trente à nos jours ? « Dépoussiérer » le concept de rationalisation du pouvoir implique d’identifier ses soubassements théoriques et de déterminer sa portée idéologique. L’étude de l’acclimatation du concept mirkinien (ainsi que de son idéologie sous-jacente et de ses techniques de réalisation) permet de souligner les adaptations et les réinterprétations dont il a été l’objet en accord avec la pensée juridique dominante et les grandes orientations du droit positif. / The concept of rationalization of parliamentarism is nowadays part of the significant concepts of the French public Law. Everything seems to be said about the techniques of rationalization established by the constitution in 1958. However, we are forced to notice that the rationalization concept remains badly knows. Invented at the end of the twenties by the jurist Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch to describe the dynamic of constitutionalization in action in the new eastern and central Europe states, just afeter the first World war, the concept of rationalization of parlementarism results from the general concept of rationalization of the authority which refers to the idea of a society entirely ruled by law. What are the sources of inspiration of the rationalization concept? How are converged its presence and its development int the french constitutional thought from the thirties up to now? To dust the concept of rationalization of the authority implies to identify its theorical basis and determine its ideological impact. The study of the acclimatatization of the mirkinian concept (as well as its underlying ideology and its techniques of realization) allows to underline the adaptations and reinterpretations it has been the subject in harmony with the main juridical thought and the great trends of positive law.

La littérature académique à propos du concept de « légitimité politique » offre le spectacle d’un pluralisme qui confine à la confusion. Pluralisme terminologique (légitimité, légitimation, soutien, confiance, satisfaction, etc.), pluralisme des objets (organisations internationales, Etats nationaux, institutions, gouvernements, politiques publiques, etc.), et, surtout, pluralisme des thèses (valeurs, intérêts, culture, idéologie, efficacité, délibération, etc.) Au travers d'une analyse systématique de la littérature internationale et multidisciplinaire (sociologie, science politique, économie, administration publique), notre travail expose, en deçà de cette diversité, le schéma logique qui préside à la construction des théories de la légitimité. Synchroniquement, il prétend alors retrouver la théorie originelle et fondatrice de la légitimité du politique, la théorie de Max Weber, structurée par l’articulation entre légitimité et légitimation. Diachroniquement, il expose les ressorts de l’extension de sens que connaît le concept de légitimité depuis la « crise » des années 70. / Academic literature on the concept of "political legitimacy" shows a broad diversity. Terminological diversity (legitimacy, legitimation, support, trust, satisfaction, etc.), objects diversity (international organizations, national governments, institutions, leaders, public policy, etc.), and most importantly, theoretical diversity (values, interests, culture, ideology, effectiveness, deliberation, etc.) Consisting in a systematic analysis of the international and multidisciplinary literature (sociology, political science, economics, public administration), our study aims to show, beyond this diversity, the logical scheme that governs the construction of theories of legitimacy. Synchronically, we then claim we found the original and founding theory of Max Weber again, built on the conceptual couple legitimacy / legitimation. Diachronically, we expose and explain the extension of meaning which affects the concept of “legitimacy” since the "crisis" of the '70s.

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier, à travers le cycle charismatique et à partir d'une comparaison avec le nassérisme, la relation que le charisme entretient avec la construction étatique. La première étape du cycle concerne la période pré-charismatique. Elle correspond à une crise aiguë de l'Etat patrimonial qui débouche en définitive sur la question de la souveraineté à partir de laquelle se révéleront les qualités charismatiques du leader. La carrière charismatique, quant à elle, est étroitement associée à l'attestation charismatique. La situation exceptionnelle permet d'asseoir la volonté populaire grâce à un leader charismatique mandaté par la nation pour mener le pays à l'indépendance. La révolution par le haut amorce une rupture qui permet à la fois le passage de l'empire à la république et le transfert du pouvoir en faveur d'une nouvelle oligarchie composée de bureaucrates et d'officiers militaires. Le passage à une situation autoritaire se traduit par l'emprise d'un Etat tutélaire prenant en charge la modernisation de la société et suivant une socialisation conservatrice sur le plan politique. Enfin la période post-charismatique est associée au processus de routinisation du charisme, étape à travers laquelle prend forme l'institutionnalisation de l'Etat. Au cours de cette étape, le passage du pluralisme limité à un pluralisme élargi n'a pas entamé l'ombre tutélaire qu'exerce Atatürk sur le système politique turc. Si les prétoriens ont renoncé à l'exercice direct du pouvoir et si le parti républicain a perdu de son hégémonie, l'héritage kémaliste est suffisamment prégnant pour structurer un espace politique qui s'ouvre de plus en plus à la société civile. / This thesis will explore, through the charismatic cycle and by a comparison with Nasserism, the relationship between the charisma and the maintain of the state-building. The first step of the cycle is the pre-charismatic period. It concerns an acute crisis of the patrimonial state that ultimately leads to the question of sovereignty, revealing in turn the charismatic qualities of the leader. The charismatic career, meanwhile, is closely associated with the charismatic assertion. The exceptional situation allows establishing the popular will through a charismatic leader appointed by the nation to lead the country to independence. The revolution from above suggests both the passage from the empire to the republic and the transfer of power in favor of a new oligarchy of bureaucrats and military officers. The transition to an authoritarian situation leads to the tutelary state dominance supporting the modernization of society and pursueing conservative socialization on the political level. Finally, the post-charismatic period is associated with the routinization of charisma, the step in which the institutionalization of the state is shaped. During this step, the passage from limited pluralism to a greater pluralism has not initiated the tutelary shadow that Atatürk exerted on the Turkish political system. If the Praetorians have renounced the direct exercise of power and if the Republican Party has lost its hegemony, the Kemalist legacy is sufficiently strong to structure a political space that opens increasingly to civil society.

A ciência teve um papel central naquilo que Max Weber chamou de desencantamento do mundo. O mundo da ciência é um mecanismo causal, um mundo de causas e efeitos inteligíveis, que funciona conforme leis racionais. Este é um mundo onde magia e religiões são banidas para o horizonte do irracional, e onde apenas o que é calculável e aplicável é racional. Ciência e técnica não podem conferir sentido a um mundo concebido dessa forma. No entanto, nos dias de hoje, nos deparamos com discursos que afirmam justamente o contrário, e o mais instigante neles é o fato de compreenderem a ciência e a tecnologia como os elementos principais que possibilitam um reencantamento do mundo. Visamos com este projeto apresentar uma sistematização das teorizações cujo foco é o reencantamento do mundo pela via científica e tecnológica mas não nos limitaremos a tal apresentação sistemática. Temos como objetivo mais amplo e central uma análise crítica de tais teorizações, que evidencie não apenas seus temas, enfoques e argumentos, mas também suas deficiências e impasses no que se refere ao diagnóstico que fazem do papel da ciência e da tecnologia no mundo contemporâneo / Science has played a central role in what Max Weber called the disenchantment of the world. The world of science is a causal mechanism, a world of intelligible causes and effects which works according to rational laws. This is a world where magic and religions are banished to the horizon of the irrational, and where only what is calculable and usefull is rational. Science and technology cannot give meaning to a world conceived that way. However, nowdays, we face discourses that claim precisely the opposite, and the most exciting is the fact that they claim the science and technology as the key elements that enable to re-enchantment of the world. We aim with this project present a systematization of theories whose focus is the re-enchantment of the world through scientific and technological means but we will not limit ourselves to a systematic presentation. We have as a broader and central objective a critical analysis of such theories, evidencing not only their themes, approaches and arguments, but also its shortcomings and dilemmas regarding the diagnosis of the role of science and technology in the contemporary world

Este trabalho é uma primeira etapa da elaboração de um conjunto conceitual que tem por objetivo fornecer uma explicação sociológica para o fenômeno do conhecimento. O ponto de partida é a reconstrução de uma possível explicação presente na sociologia de Max Weber para o fenômeno em questão. Parto da suposição que os trabalhos de Weber indiretamente explicariam-no, dado que a teoria da ação e da racionalização suscitariam inevitáveis problemas epistemológicos. Não obstante, essas duas teorias endereçariam respostas parciais aos dois problemas básicos sobre o conhecimento, a saber, o que é o conhecimento? e como o conhecimento é desenvolvido? Para respondê-las integralmente, seria necessário encontrar um fenômeno que conjugasse a teoria da ação social com a teoria da racionalização. Minha principal hipótese é que este seria o no processo de intelectualização. Com isso, a parte central deste trabalho refere- se à reconstrução do processo de intelectualização e sua solução prévia para o conhecimento. Ao esgotar todas as possibilidades de explicação, utilizo os trabalhos de Hermann Lotze e Gottlob Frege como auxiliares na compreensão e resolução de noções subjacentes ao problema do conhecimento, como as noções de sentido, significado, verdade, interpretação e intersubjetividade. Ao final, chego a uma conclusão que tenta acoplar uma teoria da linguagem sobre a explicação do conhecimento produzida pela reconstrução dos trabalhos de Weber / This study is a first stage of drafting a conceptual framework that aims to provide a sociological explanation for the phenomenon of knowledge. The starting point is the reconstruction of a possible explanation for knowledge grounded on Max Weber\'s Sociology. As a starting point, we assume that Weber\'s work indirectly explains the phenomenon of knowledge, since the theory of action and rationalization would raise inevitable epistemological problems. Nevertheless, these two theories would only address partial answers to two basic problems about knowledge, namely, what is knowledge? and how knowledge is developed? In order to answer completely such questions it would require a phenomenon that combines the theory of social action with the theory of rationalization. Our main hypothesis is that the process of intellectualization is the phenomenon would best combine both theories. Thus, the central part of this study refers to the reconstruction of the process of intellectualization and its prior solution to the knowledge. When all possibilities were exhausted, we used some works of Hermann Lotze and Gottlob Frege in order to assist the comprehension and solve some knowledge\'s underlying notions, such as meaning, sense, truth, interpretation, and intersubjectivity. In the conclusion, we attempt to attach a theory of language on the explanation of knowledge produced by the reconstruction of Weber\'s writings

The Golem Project är en studie i animation av död materia. Projektets två delar består av en essä där framförallt skapelsemyter studerats och ett fysiskt experiment utifrån fastställda hypoteser. The Golem Project presenterades på Galleri Mejan hösten 2017 som en utställning med namnet The Golem Experiment. / The Golem Experiment är det fysiska experiment som resulterade av mina studier. Det presenterades i form av en skulptural installation på Galleri Mejan hösten 2017.

O texto procura reconstruir a posição de Max Weber no debate acerca dos juízos de valor nas ciências sociais. Com base nos argumentos elencados por Weber, identificam-se duas dimensões na tese da neutralidade valorativa, uma metodológica e outra ética e tenta-se investigar a relação entre as duas dimensões. Em anexo, ainda se apresenta a tradução de três textos de Weber, inéditos em português / The text seeks to reconstruct Max Webers position in the debate concerning the value-judgments in the social sciences. Based on the arguments given by Weber, it identifies two dimensions in the value-freedom thesis, a methodological and an ethical one. Finally, it tries to investigate the relation that links the two dimensions. At the end, there is a translation of three Max Weber texts, still unavailable in Portuguese